您好。我对plc和单片机了解不够，希望得到您的帮助。
三菱plc为主站，单片机为从站，采用modbus通讯协议。先实现232通讯，最终实现485.单片机用proteus仿真，pc用usb转232串口与plc的编程口连接。求具体的程序，实现的功能简单一点就行。主要是通讯协议部分。
第1个回答 2012-05-14
大部分的PLC都提供有MODBUS方便指令的，可以直接调用的，只是简单的设置几个特殊寄存器及ok。大部分的编成工作还是在单片机上，MODBUS通讯有两种通讯格式1）ASCII 2）RTU
1．ASCII模式 当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以ASCII（美国标准信息交换代码）模式通信，在消息中的每个8Bit字节都作为一个ASCII码（两个十六进制字符）发送。这种方式的主要优点是字符发送的时间间隔可达到1秒而不产生错误。 代码系统 · 十六进制，ASCII字符0...9,A...F · 消息中的每个ASCII字符都是一个十六进制字符组成 每个字节的位 · 1个起始位 · 7个数据位，最小的有效位先发送 · 1个奇偶校验位，无校验则无 1个停止位（有校验时），2个Bit（无校验时） 错误检测域 · LRC(纵向冗长检测) 2、RTU模式 当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以RTU（远程终端单元）模式通信，在消息中的每个8Bit字节包含两个4Bit的 十六进制字符。这种方式的主要优点是：在同样的波特率下，可比ASCII方式传送更多的数据。 代码系统 8位二进制，十六进制数0...9，A...F 消息中的每个8位域都是一个两个十六进制字符组成 每个字节的位 1个起始位 8个数据位，最小的有效位先发送 1个奇偶校验位，无校验则无 1个停止位（有校验时），2个Bit（无校验时） 错误检测域 CRC(循环冗长检测) CRC域是两个字节，包含一16位的二进制值。它由传输设备计算后加入到消息中。接收设备重新计算收到消息的CRC，并与接收到的CRC域中的值比较，如果两值不同，则有误。 CRC是先调入一值是全“1”的16位寄存器，然后调用一过程将消息中连续的8位字节各当前寄存器中的值进行处理。仅每个字符中的8Bit数据对CRC有效，起始位和停止位以及奇偶校验位均无效。 CRC产生过程中，每个8位字符都单独和寄存器内容相异或（XOR），结果向最低有效位方向移动，最高有效位以0填充。LSB被提取出来检测，如果LSB为1，寄存器单独和预置的值或一下，如果LSB为0，则不进行。整个过程要重复8次。在最后一位（第8位）完成后，下一个8位字节又单独和寄存器的当前值相或。最终寄存器中的值，是消息中所有的字节都执行之后的CRC值。 CRC添加到消息中时，低字节先加入，然后高字节。 CRC简单函数如下： unsigned short CRC16(puchMsg,usDataLen) unsigned char *puchMsg ; /* 要进行CRC校验的消息*/ unsigned short usDataLen ; /* 消息中字节数*/ { unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF ; /* 高CRC字节初始化*/ unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF ; /* 低CRC 字节初始化*/ unsigned uIndex ; /* CRC循环中的索引*/ while (usDataLen--) /* 传输消息缓冲区*/ { uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ; /* 计算CRC */ uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex] ; uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex] ; } return ((uchCRCHi << 8) | uchCRCLo) ; } /* CRC 高位字节值表*/ static unsigned char auchCRCHi[] = { 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40 } ; /* CRC低位字节值表*/ static char auchCRCLo[] = { 0x00,0xC0,0xC1,0x01,0xC3,0x03,0x02,0xC2,0xC6,0x06, 0x07,0xC7,0x05,0xC5,0xC4,0x04,0xCC,0x0C,0x0D,0xCD, 0x0F,0xCF,0xCE,0x0E,0x0A,0xCA,0xCB,0x0B,0xC9,0x09, 0x08,0xC8,0xD8,0x18,0x19,0xD9,0x1B,0xDB,0xDA,0x1A, 0x1E,0xDE,0xDF,0x1F,0xDD,0x1D,0x1C,0xDC,0x14,0xD4, 0xD5,0x15,0xD7,0x17,0x16,0xD6,0xD2,0x12,0x13,0xD3, 0x11,0xD1,0xD0,0x10,0xF0,0x30,0x31,0xF1,0x33,0xF3, 0xF2,0x32,0x36,0xF6,0xF7,0x37,0xF5,0x35,0x34,0xF4, 0x3C,0xFC,0xFD,0x3D,0xFF,0x3F,0x3E,0xFE,0xFA,0x3A, 0x3B,0xFB,0x39,0xF9,0xF8,0x38,0x28,0xE8,0xE9,0x29, 0xEB,0x2B,0x2A,0xEA,0xEE,0x2E,0x2F,0xEF,0x2D,0xED, 0xEC,0x2C,0xE4,0x24,0x25,0xE5,0x27,0xE7,0xE6,0x26, 0x22,0xE2,0xE3,0x23,0xE1,0x21,0x20,0xE0,0xA0,0x60, 0x61,0xA1,0x63,0xA3,0xA2,0x62,0x66,0xA6,0xA7,0x67, 0xA5,0x65,0x64,0xA4,0x6C,0xAC,0xAD,0x6D,0xAF,0x6F, 0x6E,0xAE,0xAA,0x6A,0x6B,0xAB,0x69,0xA9,0xA8,0x68, 0x78,0xB8,0xB9,0x79,0xBB,0x7B,0x7A,0xBA,0xBE,0x7E, 0x7F,0xBF,0x7D,0xBD,0xBC,0x7C,0xB4,0x74,0x75,0xB5, 0x77,0xB7,0xB6,0x76,0x72,0xB2,0xB3,0x73,0xB1,0x71, 0x70,0xB0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92, 0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9C,0x5C, 0x5D,0x9D,0x5F,0x9F,0x9E,0x5E,0x5A,0x9A,0x9B,0x5B, 0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4B,0x8B, 0x8A,0x4A,0x4E,0x8E,0x8F,0x4F,0x8D,0x4D,0x4C,0x8C, 0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42, 0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40 } ;
1．ASCII模式 当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以ASCII（美国标准信息交换代码）模式通信，在消息中的每个8Bit字节都作为一个ASCII码（两个十六进制字符）发送。这种方式的主要优点是字符发送的时间间隔可达到1秒而不产生错误。 代码系统 · 十六进制，ASCII字符0...9,A...F · 消息中的每个ASCII字符都是一个十六进制字符组成 每个字节的位 · 1个起始位 · 7个数据位，最小的有效位先发送 · 1个奇偶校验位，无校验则无 1个停止位（有校验时），2个Bit（无校验时） 错误检测域 · LRC(纵向冗长检测) 2、RTU模式 当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以RTU（远程终端单元）模式通信，在消息中的每个8Bit字节包含两个4Bit的 十六进制字符。这种方式的主要优点是：在同样的波特率下，可比ASCII方式传送更多的数据。 代码系统 8位二进制，十六进制数0...9，A...F 消息中的每个8位域都是一个两个十六进制字符组成 每个字节的位 1个起始位 8个数据位，最小的有效位先发送 1个奇偶校验位，无校验则无 1个停止位（有校验时），2个Bit（无校验时） 错误检测域 CRC(循环冗长检测) CRC域是两个字节，包含一16位的二进制值。它由传输设备计算后加入到消息中。接收设备重新计算收到消息的CRC，并与接收到的CRC域中的值比较，如果两值不同，则有误。 CRC是先调入一值是全“1”的16位寄存器，然后调用一过程将消息中连续的8位字节各当前寄存器中的值进行处理。仅每个字符中的8Bit数据对CRC有效，起始位和停止位以及奇偶校验位均无效。 CRC产生过程中，每个8位字符都单独和寄存器内容相异或（XOR），结果向最低有效位方向移动，最高有效位以0填充。LSB被提取出来检测，如果LSB为1，寄存器单独和预置的值或一下，如果LSB为0，则不进行。整个过程要重复8次。在最后一位（第8位）完成后，下一个8位字节又单独和寄存器的当前值相或。最终寄存器中的值，是消息中所有的字节都执行之后的CRC值。 CRC添加到消息中时，低字节先加入，然后高字节。 CRC简单函数如下： unsigned short CRC16(puchMsg,usDataLen) unsigned char *puchMsg ; /* 要进行CRC校验的消息*/ unsigned short usDataLen ; /* 消息中字节数*/ { unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF ; /* 高CRC字节初始化*/ unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF ; /* 低CRC 字节初始化*/ unsigned uIndex ; /* CRC循环中的索引*/ while (usDataLen--) /* 传输消息缓冲区*/ { uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ; /* 计算CRC */ uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex] ; uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex] ; } return ((uchCRCHi << 8) | uchCRCLo) ; } /* CRC 高位字节值表*/ static unsigned char auchCRCHi[] = { 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40, 0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1, 0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41, 0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0, 0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40 } ; /* CRC低位字节值表*/ static char auchCRCLo[] = { 0x00,0xC0,0xC1,0x01,0xC3,0x03,0x02,0xC2,0xC6,0x06, 0x07,0xC7,0x05,0xC5,0xC4,0x04,0xCC,0x0C,0x0D,0xCD, 0x0F,0xCF,0xCE,0x0E,0x0A,0xCA,0xCB,0x0B,0xC9,0x09, 0x08,0xC8,0xD8,0x18,0x19,0xD9,0x1B,0xDB,0xDA,0x1A, 0x1E,0xDE,0xDF,0x1F,0xDD,0x1D,0x1C,0xDC,0x14,0xD4, 0xD5,0x15,0xD7,0x17,0x16,0xD6,0xD2,0x12,0x13,0xD3, 0x11,0xD1,0xD0,0x10,0xF0,0x30,0x31,0xF1,0x33,0xF3, 0xF2,0x32,0x36,0xF6,0xF7,0x37,0xF5,0x35,0x34,0xF4, 0x3C,0xFC,0xFD,0x3D,0xFF,0x3F,0x3E,0xFE,0xFA,0x3A, 0x3B,0xFB,0x39,0xF9,0xF8,0x38,0x28,0xE8,0xE9,0x29, 0xEB,0x2B,0x2A,0xEA,0xEE,0x2E,0x2F,0xEF,0x2D,0xED, 0xEC,0x2C,0xE4,0x24,0x25,0xE5,0x27,0xE7,0xE6,0x26, 0x22,0xE2,0xE3,0x23,0xE1,0x21,0x20,0xE0,0xA0,0x60, 0x61,0xA1,0x63,0xA3,0xA2,0x62,0x66,0xA6,0xA7,0x67, 0xA5,0x65,0x64,0xA4,0x6C,0xAC,0xAD,0x6D,0xAF,0x6F, 0x6E,0xAE,0xAA,0x6A,0x6B,0xAB,0x69,0xA9,0xA8,0x68, 0x78,0xB8,0xB9,0x79,0xBB,0x7B,0x7A,0xBA,0xBE,0x7E, 0x7F,0xBF,0x7D,0xBD,0xBC,0x7C,0xB4,0x74,0x75,0xB5, 0x77,0xB7,0xB6,0x76,0x72,0xB2,0xB3,0x73,0xB1,0x71, 0x70,0xB0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92, 0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9C,0x5C, 0x5D,0x9D,0x5F,0x9F,0x9E,0x5E,0x5A,0x9A,0x9B,0x5B, 0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4B,0x8B, 0x8A,0x4A,0x4E,0x8E,0x8F,0x4F,0x8D,0x4D,0x4C,0x8C, 0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42, 0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40 } ;
第2个回答 2012-05-16
到技成培训网论坛上去看一下，上面有好多教程的
第3个回答 2012-05-13
可下载参考标准的MODBUS通信协议。
第4个回答 2012-05-16
推荐你一本书 《典型应用于编程86例》
