如题所述
第1个回答 2022-06-15
America tries to figure out a fairer way to select students
美国试图找出一种更为公平的方法来选拔学生
The pandemic has played havoc with college admissions. With many testing sites closed, over 1,400 colleges and universities no longer required admissions exams for first-year students applying for autumn 2021. Many made the submission of test scores optional; 69 did not consider test scores at all.
新冠疫情打乱了大学的招生计划。由于许多考点都关闭了,美国有 1400 多所高校都不再要求申请 2021 年秋季入学的新生参加入学考试。不少大学将提交考试成绩作为可选项,还有 69 所高校根本不把考试成绩纳入考量。
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In May 2020 the governing body of the University of California voted to phase out the two main admissions tests, SAT and ACT, over five years. But a lawsuit sped up the timeline. A preliminary injunction prevented the university from using the SAT or ACT in admissions or scholarship decisions this year.
2020 年 5 月,加州大学的管理机构投票决定,要在 5 年内逐步取消入学申请中对 SAT 和 ACT 这两大入学考试的要求。然而一场诉讼却加快了这个进程。一项初步禁令宣布禁止该校在今年以(申请者的)SAT 和 ACT 成绩为依据,录取学生或发放奖学金。
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Opponents argue that these tests are biased. SAT and ACT scores are highly correlated with income, race and gender. A student with an annual family income below $20,000 can expect to score 137 points lower on average on the reading section of the SAT than a student with a family income above $200,000.
反对者认为这些考试带有偏见性。SAT 和 ACT 的分数和(家庭)收入、种族、性别高度相关。与家庭年收入高于 20 万美元的学生相比,家庭年收入低于 2 万美元的学生在 SAT 考试阅读部分的平均成绩预计要低 137 分。
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Colleges have experienced a surge in demand since test-optional policies went into effect. But with test scores downplayed or removed, admissions counsellors must focus on other aspects of an application.
自“可选考试”政策实施以来,大学的申请人数出现了激增。但是,随着考试成绩的淡化甚至是取消,招生官们注定要重点关注申请的其他方面。
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Extra-curricular activities are probably no fairer. Disadvantaged students have less access to them. Some have suggested a lottery among students who meet minimum qualifications.
把课外活动纳入考量也许不会让竞争变得更公平。家庭条件较差的学生参加课外活动的机会也更少。一些人曾建议,可以在达到最低入学门槛的学生中抽签。
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Rather than tinkering, advocates for more equitable admissions are calling for an overhaul. "Until we fix the inequities at the lower levels, we're not even going to begin to make a dent in higher education," says Angel Pérez, CEO of the National Association for College Admission Counselling.
倡导录取更加公平的人们呼吁,要进行彻底的(教育)改革,而不是修修补补。“除非我们解决了较低层次的不平等问题,否则我们将无法在高等教育公平上取得任何进展。”美国升学顾问联合会的首席执行官安吉尔·佩雷斯如此说道。
加入会员可查看
主编:Amy
品控:Raven
审核:桃子
重点词汇
figure out
想出,解决,弄懂
相关词汇:figure(n. 数字;v. 计算)
例句:I'm figuring my expenses this month.
例句:I can't figure out how to do this. Can you help me out?
play havoc with
扰乱,打乱
相关词汇:havoc(n. 混乱;破坏,毁坏)
英文释义:confusion and lack of order, especially causing damage or trouble
例句:The weather played havoc with airline schedules.
optional
/ˈɑːp.ʃən.əl/
adj. 可选择的,非强制的
相关词汇:option(n. 选择,选项)
反义词:compulsory(adj. 强制的)
搭配短语:compulsory courses
搭配短语:optional courses
phase out
逐步淘汰,分阶段停止使用
相关词汇:phase(n. 阶段,时期)
相关词汇:out(adv. 出,向外;淘汰,出局)
例句:Gasoline-powered vehicles are to be phased out by 2030 in the UK.
speed up
(使)加速
相关词汇:speed(n. 速度;v. 加速)
例句:She tends to speed up when she gets excited.
timeline
/ˈtaɪm.laɪn/
n. 时间线,时间表
近义词:timetable(n. 时间表)
例句:She drew up a timeline for the project.
biased
/ˈbaɪ.əst/
adj. 有偏见的,片面的
相关词汇:bias(n. 偏见,成见;v. 使……怀有偏见)
例句:Employers need to evaluate employees without bias.(n. 偏见)
例句:The newspapers have biased people against her.(v. 使……怀有偏见)
correlate
/ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/
v. 相关,关联
相关词汇:relate(v. 联系)
词根词缀:cor-(相当于 con,表示“一起,共同”)
搭配短语:correlate with sth.
例句:A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.
score
/skɔːr/
v.(体育比赛、考试等中)得(分)
词性拓展:score(n. 分数,成绩)
例句:I scored 119 out of 120.
surge
/sɝːdʒ/
n. 激增,急剧上升;(潮水)奔涌
搭配短语:a surge in share prices
词性拓展:surge(v. 激增,迅速增长)
近义词:rocket, soar(v. 激增,迅速增长)
downplay
/'daʊnpleɪ/
v. 对……轻描淡写, 淡化
近义词组:play down
英文释义:to make something seem less important than it really is
例句:The Japanese government is trying to downplay the dangers of radioactive water.
disadvantaged
/ˌdɪs.ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒd/
adj. 处于劣势的,处于不利社会经济地位的
相关词汇:advantage(n. 优势,有利条件)
相关词汇:disadvantage(n. 劣势,不利条件)
tinker
/ˈtɪŋ.kɚ/
v.(随便马虎地)改进,解决问题;修理,修补
词性拓展:tinker(n. 补锅匠)
例句:He spent hours tinkering with the car.(修理)
文化补充:电影《彼得·潘》中,有一只名叫 Tinker Bell 的小仙子,她不仅喜欢修修补补,说话的声音也是叮叮当当的,像个铃铛,所以中文译名是“小叮当”。
词义辨析:tinker, fix
tinker 和 fix 都可以表示“解决问题”,但相较之下,tinker 更强调处理的过程很马虎、不认真,比如 Instead of admitting his fault, the man just tinkered with the problem.(那个人没有承认自己的过错,而只是敷衍了事)。
equitable
/ˈek.wɪ.t̬ə.bəl/
adj. 公平的,公正的
相关词汇:equity(n. 公平,公正)
词义辨析:equitable, fair
equitable 和 fair 都作形容词,表示“公平的,公正的”。它们的区别在于 fair 对应的“公平”较为主观,强调要一视同仁,比如 Why does he get to go and I don't? It's not fair!(为什么他能去而我却不能去?这不公平!),而 equitable 则强调这个“公平”存在妥协,是由多方协调达成的结果,比如 the equitable distribution of resources(资源的合理分配)。
overhaul
/ˈoʊ.vɚ.hɑːl/
n. 彻底改造,改进;大检修
词性拓展:overhaul(v. 彻底检修,大修)
词义辨析:overhaul(v.), tinker(v.)
overhaul 和 tinker 都可以指“修理”这个动作,它们的区别在于 overhaul 是大范围地、彻底地进行检修,而 tinker 是小范围的小修小补。
make a dent in
产生微小的影响,取得有效(或初步)进展
相关词汇:dent(n.(由于碰撞而造成的)凹痕)
例句:I've been working all day, and I have hardly made a dent in the project.
加
美国试图找出一种更为公平的方法来选拔学生
The pandemic has played havoc with college admissions. With many testing sites closed, over 1,400 colleges and universities no longer required admissions exams for first-year students applying for autumn 2021. Many made the submission of test scores optional; 69 did not consider test scores at all.
新冠疫情打乱了大学的招生计划。由于许多考点都关闭了,美国有 1400 多所高校都不再要求申请 2021 年秋季入学的新生参加入学考试。不少大学将提交考试成绩作为可选项,还有 69 所高校根本不把考试成绩纳入考量。
加入会员可查看
In May 2020 the governing body of the University of California voted to phase out the two main admissions tests, SAT and ACT, over five years. But a lawsuit sped up the timeline. A preliminary injunction prevented the university from using the SAT or ACT in admissions or scholarship decisions this year.
2020 年 5 月,加州大学的管理机构投票决定,要在 5 年内逐步取消入学申请中对 SAT 和 ACT 这两大入学考试的要求。然而一场诉讼却加快了这个进程。一项初步禁令宣布禁止该校在今年以(申请者的)SAT 和 ACT 成绩为依据,录取学生或发放奖学金。
加入会员可查看
Opponents argue that these tests are biased. SAT and ACT scores are highly correlated with income, race and gender. A student with an annual family income below $20,000 can expect to score 137 points lower on average on the reading section of the SAT than a student with a family income above $200,000.
反对者认为这些考试带有偏见性。SAT 和 ACT 的分数和(家庭)收入、种族、性别高度相关。与家庭年收入高于 20 万美元的学生相比,家庭年收入低于 2 万美元的学生在 SAT 考试阅读部分的平均成绩预计要低 137 分。
加入会员可查看
Colleges have experienced a surge in demand since test-optional policies went into effect. But with test scores downplayed or removed, admissions counsellors must focus on other aspects of an application.
自“可选考试”政策实施以来,大学的申请人数出现了激增。但是,随着考试成绩的淡化甚至是取消,招生官们注定要重点关注申请的其他方面。
加入会员可查看
Extra-curricular activities are probably no fairer. Disadvantaged students have less access to them. Some have suggested a lottery among students who meet minimum qualifications.
把课外活动纳入考量也许不会让竞争变得更公平。家庭条件较差的学生参加课外活动的机会也更少。一些人曾建议,可以在达到最低入学门槛的学生中抽签。
加入会员可查看
Rather than tinkering, advocates for more equitable admissions are calling for an overhaul. "Until we fix the inequities at the lower levels, we're not even going to begin to make a dent in higher education," says Angel Pérez, CEO of the National Association for College Admission Counselling.
倡导录取更加公平的人们呼吁,要进行彻底的(教育)改革,而不是修修补补。“除非我们解决了较低层次的不平等问题,否则我们将无法在高等教育公平上取得任何进展。”美国升学顾问联合会的首席执行官安吉尔·佩雷斯如此说道。
加入会员可查看
主编:Amy
品控:Raven
审核:桃子
重点词汇
figure out
想出,解决,弄懂
相关词汇:figure(n. 数字;v. 计算)
例句:I'm figuring my expenses this month.
例句:I can't figure out how to do this. Can you help me out?
play havoc with
扰乱,打乱
相关词汇:havoc(n. 混乱;破坏,毁坏)
英文释义:confusion and lack of order, especially causing damage or trouble
例句:The weather played havoc with airline schedules.
optional
/ˈɑːp.ʃən.əl/
adj. 可选择的,非强制的
相关词汇:option(n. 选择,选项)
反义词:compulsory(adj. 强制的)
搭配短语:compulsory courses
搭配短语:optional courses
phase out
逐步淘汰,分阶段停止使用
相关词汇:phase(n. 阶段,时期)
相关词汇:out(adv. 出,向外;淘汰,出局)
例句:Gasoline-powered vehicles are to be phased out by 2030 in the UK.
speed up
(使)加速
相关词汇:speed(n. 速度;v. 加速)
例句:She tends to speed up when she gets excited.
timeline
/ˈtaɪm.laɪn/
n. 时间线,时间表
近义词:timetable(n. 时间表)
例句:She drew up a timeline for the project.
biased
/ˈbaɪ.əst/
adj. 有偏见的,片面的
相关词汇:bias(n. 偏见,成见;v. 使……怀有偏见)
例句:Employers need to evaluate employees without bias.(n. 偏见)
例句:The newspapers have biased people against her.(v. 使……怀有偏见)
correlate
/ˈkɔːr.ə.leɪt/
v. 相关,关联
相关词汇:relate(v. 联系)
词根词缀:cor-(相当于 con,表示“一起,共同”)
搭配短语:correlate with sth.
例句:A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.
score
/skɔːr/
v.(体育比赛、考试等中)得(分)
词性拓展:score(n. 分数,成绩)
例句:I scored 119 out of 120.
surge
/sɝːdʒ/
n. 激增,急剧上升;(潮水)奔涌
搭配短语:a surge in share prices
词性拓展:surge(v. 激增,迅速增长)
近义词:rocket, soar(v. 激增,迅速增长)
downplay
/'daʊnpleɪ/
v. 对……轻描淡写, 淡化
近义词组:play down
英文释义:to make something seem less important than it really is
例句:The Japanese government is trying to downplay the dangers of radioactive water.
disadvantaged
/ˌdɪs.ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒd/
adj. 处于劣势的,处于不利社会经济地位的
相关词汇:advantage(n. 优势,有利条件)
相关词汇:disadvantage(n. 劣势,不利条件)
tinker
/ˈtɪŋ.kɚ/
v.(随便马虎地)改进,解决问题;修理,修补
词性拓展:tinker(n. 补锅匠)
例句:He spent hours tinkering with the car.(修理)
文化补充:电影《彼得·潘》中,有一只名叫 Tinker Bell 的小仙子,她不仅喜欢修修补补,说话的声音也是叮叮当当的,像个铃铛,所以中文译名是“小叮当”。
词义辨析:tinker, fix
tinker 和 fix 都可以表示“解决问题”,但相较之下,tinker 更强调处理的过程很马虎、不认真,比如 Instead of admitting his fault, the man just tinkered with the problem.(那个人没有承认自己的过错,而只是敷衍了事)。
equitable
/ˈek.wɪ.t̬ə.bəl/
adj. 公平的,公正的
相关词汇:equity(n. 公平,公正)
词义辨析:equitable, fair
equitable 和 fair 都作形容词,表示“公平的,公正的”。它们的区别在于 fair 对应的“公平”较为主观,强调要一视同仁,比如 Why does he get to go and I don't? It's not fair!(为什么他能去而我却不能去?这不公平!),而 equitable 则强调这个“公平”存在妥协,是由多方协调达成的结果,比如 the equitable distribution of resources(资源的合理分配)。
overhaul
/ˈoʊ.vɚ.hɑːl/
n. 彻底改造,改进;大检修
词性拓展:overhaul(v. 彻底检修,大修)
词义辨析:overhaul(v.), tinker(v.)
overhaul 和 tinker 都可以指“修理”这个动作,它们的区别在于 overhaul 是大范围地、彻底地进行检修,而 tinker 是小范围的小修小补。
make a dent in
产生微小的影响,取得有效(或初步)进展
相关词汇:dent(n.(由于碰撞而造成的)凹痕)
例句:I've been working all day, and I have hardly made a dent in the project.
加