如题所述
第1个回答 2011-06-16
情态动词+have+过去分词
(1)“may(might)+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行为的推测,把握性较小。一般只用于肯定或否定句中(疑问句中用can/could)其意为“想必”、“也许”、“可能已经”等意思,其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。如:
You might both have been caught and killed.
你们俩很有可能被抓住杀掉。
The children have arrived there by now.
孩子们现在可能已经到达那儿了
He might have not settled the problem.
他可能尚未解决这个问题。
注意:这一句型用may和might含义基本相同,常可换用,只是might所表示的可能性比may更加微弱,语气更加委婉。
(2)“must + have+过去分词”表示对过去或者已发生行为的肯定推测,只用于肯定句中,意思是“一定”、“准是”。如:
The students are playing on the playground now. They must have finished their homework.
学生们现在在操场上玩,他们准是完成了作业。
The street is wet; it must have rained. 街道是湿的,一定下雨了。
注意:若要表示否定,则用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”。如:
The money can’t have been lost there.
钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
The light is still on: he couldn’t have gone to sleep.
还亮着灯,他不可能睡了。
(3)“can/could + have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行为的怀疑或不肯定,只用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There is no light in the room. Can he have gone out?
屋里没亮,他可能出去了吧?
They can’t have finished the work that soon.
他们不可能这么快就做完了。
(4)“should + have+过去分词”表示过去“该做而实际上没有做的事”,意思是“本应该”,其否定形式表示“不应该发生却发生了的行为”,意思是“本不应该”。如:
You should have handed in your composition last week.
你本应该上周交作文的。
You shouldn’t have gone to see film last night. You are to take an examination in English this afternoon.昨晚你本不该去看电影的,今天下午还要参加英语考试呢。
注意:1、“should + have+过去分词”还能表示“可能、揣测、推断”,常译成“可能已经、该已”如:
Tom has done the work for three hours, so he should have finished it already.
Tom已经工作了3个小时,他该已做完了。
2、该结构还可表示“对过去的事感到意外而产生怀疑”,常译成“竟会、竟然”。如:
There is no reason why she should have refused.
她竟然拒绝了,简直毫无道理。
It is surprising that he should have been so stupid.
他竟然蠢到如此地步,真令人吃惊。
(5)“ought to + have+过去分词”与“should + have+过去分词”同义,只是语气较强,常含有“责备”、“不赞成”的口气。如:
We ought to have given you more help.
我们本应该给你更多的帮助。
She ought to have stopped her work half way.
她不应该把工作做了一半就停下来。
(6)“needn’t + have+过去分词”表示过去“本不必做而实际上已经做了的事”。如:
We needn’t have waited him.
我们本不必等他的。
You needn’t have told him about it.
你没比要告诉他那件事。
(1)“may(might)+have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行为的推测,把握性较小。一般只用于肯定或否定句中(疑问句中用can/could)其意为“想必”、“也许”、“可能已经”等意思,其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。如:
You might both have been caught and killed.
你们俩很有可能被抓住杀掉。
The children have arrived there by now.
孩子们现在可能已经到达那儿了
He might have not settled the problem.
他可能尚未解决这个问题。
注意:这一句型用may和might含义基本相同,常可换用,只是might所表示的可能性比may更加微弱,语气更加委婉。
(2)“must + have+过去分词”表示对过去或者已发生行为的肯定推测,只用于肯定句中,意思是“一定”、“准是”。如:
The students are playing on the playground now. They must have finished their homework.
学生们现在在操场上玩,他们准是完成了作业。
The street is wet; it must have rained. 街道是湿的,一定下雨了。
注意:若要表示否定,则用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意思是“不可能”。如:
The money can’t have been lost there.
钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
The light is still on: he couldn’t have gone to sleep.
还亮着灯,他不可能睡了。
(3)“can/could + have+过去分词”表示对过去发生行为的怀疑或不肯定,只用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
There is no light in the room. Can he have gone out?
屋里没亮,他可能出去了吧?
They can’t have finished the work that soon.
他们不可能这么快就做完了。
(4)“should + have+过去分词”表示过去“该做而实际上没有做的事”,意思是“本应该”,其否定形式表示“不应该发生却发生了的行为”,意思是“本不应该”。如:
You should have handed in your composition last week.
你本应该上周交作文的。
You shouldn’t have gone to see film last night. You are to take an examination in English this afternoon.昨晚你本不该去看电影的,今天下午还要参加英语考试呢。
注意:1、“should + have+过去分词”还能表示“可能、揣测、推断”,常译成“可能已经、该已”如:
Tom has done the work for three hours, so he should have finished it already.
Tom已经工作了3个小时,他该已做完了。
2、该结构还可表示“对过去的事感到意外而产生怀疑”,常译成“竟会、竟然”。如:
There is no reason why she should have refused.
她竟然拒绝了,简直毫无道理。
It is surprising that he should have been so stupid.
他竟然蠢到如此地步,真令人吃惊。
(5)“ought to + have+过去分词”与“should + have+过去分词”同义,只是语气较强,常含有“责备”、“不赞成”的口气。如:
We ought to have given you more help.
我们本应该给你更多的帮助。
She ought to have stopped her work half way.
她不应该把工作做了一半就停下来。
(6)“needn’t + have+过去分词”表示过去“本不必做而实际上已经做了的事”。如:
We needn’t have waited him.
我们本不必等他的。
You needn’t have told him about it.
你没比要告诉他那件事。