英语中的字母是由5个元音字母和21个辅音字母组成的。5个元音字母分别为:a[ei]、e[i:]、i[ ai]、o[eu]、u[ju:]。元音发音时声带震动、气流
第1个回答 2020-09-28
英语中的字母是由5个元音字母和21个辅音字母组成的。5个元音字母分别为:a[ei]、e[i:]、i[ ai]、o[eu]、u[ju:]。元音发音时声带震动、气流通过口腔不受阻碍。
元音字母
a[ei]、e[i:]、i[ ai]、o[eu]、u[ju:]
元音发音时声带震动、气流通过口腔不受阻碍。
A的发音规则
A/a的发音比较复杂,归纳起来有9种情况:
(1)在重读开音节中读[e?]。例如:plane[ple?n] rad?o[?re?d??u]
wake [we?k] paper[?pe?p?]
但要记住一个例外:have读做[h?v]而不是[he?v]。
(2)在-ange组合中读[e?]。例如:change[t?e?nd?] strange[stre?nd?] arrange [? ?re?nd?]
(3)在重读音节前的闭音节中一般读[?]。例如:activity[?k?t?v?t?] transcript?on[?tr?n?skr?p??n]有时也读做[?],例如:accept[?k?sept] Atlantic[?t?l?nt?k]
(4)在非重读音节中读做[?]。例如:
substance[?s?bst?ns] breakfast[?brekf?st] woman[?wum?n]
(5)在“a-辅音字母(除r、w之外)+不发音的e”的非重读音节中一般读做[?]。例如comrade[?k?m r?d] courage[??k?r?d?](6)在wh后面读[?]。例如:what[w?t] whatever[w?t?ev?]
whale是例外,这个单词按照重读开音节读做[we?l]。(7)在W后面读[??]或[?],例如:water[?w??t?] watch[w?t ] wander[?w?nd?]wave和wake是例外,要按照重读开音节分别读做[we?v]和[we?k]。
(8)在l前面读[??]。例如:chalk[t???k] tall[t??l]always[???lwe?z] talk[t??k]但是,shall[??l] valley[?v?l?] shallow[???l?u]中读做[?],wallet读做[?w?l?t]。
(9)下列情况下,a发[a:]的音:①在s之前,例如:class[kla:s] grass[gra:s]fast[fa:st] basket[?ba:sk?t]也有例外,比如haste[he?st]和taste[te?st],另外passage按照重读闭音节规则读音,读做[?p?s?d?]。②在“m/n+辅音字母”之前,例如:advance[?d?va:ns] France[fra:ns] dance[da:ns]例外的是grand[gr?nd]③在th之前,例如:path[pa:θ] rather[?ra:??]④在lm之前,例如:calm[ka:m] palm[pa:m]⑤在lf之前,例如:half[ha:f] calf[ka:f]⑥在f之前,例如:staff[sta:f] after[?a:ft?] afternoon[?a:ft?nu:n]
元音字母E的发音规则
E/e以及E/e与其他字母的组合在英语单词中出现的很多,它们的读音规则有如下几种:
(1) 在重读开音节中,e一般读做[i:]或[??]。
①[i:]例如:she he these② [??]例如:zero hero serious
(2) 在重读闭音节中,e一般读[e],例如:set bed ten Pen
(3) 在非重读音节中,e一般读做[?]或[?]。
①[?]例如:enemy eleven excuse②[?]例如:student open children
(4) e与其他字母组合的读音:
①ea一般可以读做:[i:]例如:read sea meat repeat[e]例如:bread weather breakfast[??]例如:real idea theatre[e?]例如:great break
②ee一般读做[i:],例如:meet jeep see sheep sleep
③er在重读音节中一般读做[??],例如:term verb certain;在词尾一般读做[?],例如:teacher worker clever④ear一般读做:[??]例如:early earth learn[e?]例如:bear wear[??]例如:hear near dear[a:]例如:heart
⑤eer一般读做[??],例如:pioneer engineer
⑥eir一般读做[e?],例如:their
⑦ere一般读做[e?]:例如:where there或[??]:例如:here mere
⑧ew大多读做[u:],例如:blew grew flew
⑨特殊词汇:clerk[kla:k] were[w??]
i的发音规则
(1) i在重读开音节中读[a?]。例如:bicycle[?ba?s?kl] Friday[?fra?d?] private[?pra?v?t] drive[dra?v](2)双音节词的结尾是“辅音字母+le”,前面的?所在的音节是绝对开音节时,?读[a?]。例如:title[?ta?tl] Bible[?ba?bl] rifle[ra?fl](3)在-igh,-ight,-ign,-ild,-ind中,i读[a?]。例如:bright [?bra?t] high[ha?]child[t?a?ld]但是也有例外,例如:children[?t??ldr?n] w?nd[w?nd](4)在词尾-ile,-ite,-ise,-ize,-wise里,?读[a?]。例如:advertise [??dv?ta?z] crocodile[?kr?k?da?l]appetite[??p?ta?t] realize[?r??la?z]otherwise[????wa?z](5)在词尾一ique里,i读[i:]。例如:antique[?n?ti:k] technique[tek?ni:k] unique [ju?ni:k](6)在重读闭音节中i读[?]。例如:big city dish kid skip rich(7)在双音节和多音节词中i读[?]。例如:differ fifteen history mixture village winner
O的发音规则
(1)o在重读开音节中读[?u]。例如:progress moment notice close ocean(2)词的结尾是-ia,-ial,-ian,-iate,-io,-ion,-ious,-ium等,前面只有一个辅音字母(r除外)时,o读[?u]。例如:associate[??s?u??e?t] devotion[d??v?u??n] Mongolia[m???g??lj?](3)双音节词的词尾是-a,-al,-an,-ar,-en,-?ve,-o,-on,-or,-our,-um,--us,-y时,o读[?u]。例如:broken local open stolen lotus(4)在双音节词和多音节词中,o读[?u]。例如:alone[??l?un] postpone[p?ust?p?un]explode[?ks?pl?ud](5)在-old,-oll,-ost中,o读[?u]。例如:almost cold soldier post(6)词末的o读[?u]。例如:also piano tobacco(7)多音节词的词尾“o+辅音字母+e”,o也读[?u]。例如:telephone envelope(8)在move、prove及其派生词里读做[u:],例如:move approve
U的发音规则
字母U/u以及U/u与其他字母组合的读音规则如下:(1)在重读开音.节中,U一般读做:①[ju:],例如:student use②在字母l、r、j之后读做[u:],例如:blue rule June
(2)在重读闭音节中一般读做:①[?],例如:but bus cup②[u],例如:put full
(3)在非重读音节中一般读做:①[?],例如:upon suppose suggest②[ju],例如:communist occupation③在字母l、r、j之后读[u],例如:instrument④在词尾的-ute,-ude中u读[ju:],例如:institute attitude但是在minute[?m?n?t]中U读[?]
(4)与其他字母组合的读音:①ur,有两种读音:在重读音节中读做[??],例如:turn nurse在非重读音节中读做[?],例如:Saturday murmur②ure,有3种读音:[ju?],例如:pure cure[u?],例如:sure[?],例如:figure injure pleasure③ui,一般有4种读音:[ju:],例如:suit[ju?],或[ju:?],例如:suicide[?sju?sa?d] tuition[tju:????n]在字母l、r、J之后读做[u:],例如:fruit ?juice,或者读做[u?],例如:fluid ruin例外的是suite读[sw?:t]④qu一般读做[kw],例如:question quite quickly ?
辅音字母
辅音分为清辅和浊辅,它们分别是:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][b][d][g][v][z][?][?][d?][dr][dz][m][n][?][h][r][l][w][j]。?
清辅音:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts]
浊辅音:[b][d][g][v][z][?][?][d?][dr][dz]
3个鼻音:[m] [n] [?]
3个似拼音:[h] [r] [l]
2个半元音:[w] [j]
他们也分为分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌侧音、半元音。
爆破音:[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]。
摩擦音:[f],[s],[?] ,[θ] ,[h],[v],[z],[?],[?],[r]。
破擦音:[t?],[tr],[ts],[d?],[dr],[dz]。
鼻音: [m],[n],[?]。
舌侧音:[l]。
半元音:[w],[j]。
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[?] uncle bank English think thank junk??sing king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul
[r] read red right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
[v] very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those
[?] that this those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse how who
[w] when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[d?] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods
元音字母
a[ei]、e[i:]、i[ ai]、o[eu]、u[ju:]
元音发音时声带震动、气流通过口腔不受阻碍。
A的发音规则
A/a的发音比较复杂,归纳起来有9种情况:
(1)在重读开音节中读[e?]。例如:plane[ple?n] rad?o[?re?d??u]
wake [we?k] paper[?pe?p?]
但要记住一个例外:have读做[h?v]而不是[he?v]。
(2)在-ange组合中读[e?]。例如:change[t?e?nd?] strange[stre?nd?] arrange [? ?re?nd?]
(3)在重读音节前的闭音节中一般读[?]。例如:activity[?k?t?v?t?] transcript?on[?tr?n?skr?p??n]有时也读做[?],例如:accept[?k?sept] Atlantic[?t?l?nt?k]
(4)在非重读音节中读做[?]。例如:
substance[?s?bst?ns] breakfast[?brekf?st] woman[?wum?n]
(5)在“a-辅音字母(除r、w之外)+不发音的e”的非重读音节中一般读做[?]。例如comrade[?k?m r?d] courage[??k?r?d?](6)在wh后面读[?]。例如:what[w?t] whatever[w?t?ev?]
whale是例外,这个单词按照重读开音节读做[we?l]。(7)在W后面读[??]或[?],例如:water[?w??t?] watch[w?t ] wander[?w?nd?]wave和wake是例外,要按照重读开音节分别读做[we?v]和[we?k]。
(8)在l前面读[??]。例如:chalk[t???k] tall[t??l]always[???lwe?z] talk[t??k]但是,shall[??l] valley[?v?l?] shallow[???l?u]中读做[?],wallet读做[?w?l?t]。
(9)下列情况下,a发[a:]的音:①在s之前,例如:class[kla:s] grass[gra:s]fast[fa:st] basket[?ba:sk?t]也有例外,比如haste[he?st]和taste[te?st],另外passage按照重读闭音节规则读音,读做[?p?s?d?]。②在“m/n+辅音字母”之前,例如:advance[?d?va:ns] France[fra:ns] dance[da:ns]例外的是grand[gr?nd]③在th之前,例如:path[pa:θ] rather[?ra:??]④在lm之前,例如:calm[ka:m] palm[pa:m]⑤在lf之前,例如:half[ha:f] calf[ka:f]⑥在f之前,例如:staff[sta:f] after[?a:ft?] afternoon[?a:ft?nu:n]
元音字母E的发音规则
E/e以及E/e与其他字母的组合在英语单词中出现的很多,它们的读音规则有如下几种:
(1) 在重读开音节中,e一般读做[i:]或[??]。
①[i:]例如:she he these② [??]例如:zero hero serious
(2) 在重读闭音节中,e一般读[e],例如:set bed ten Pen
(3) 在非重读音节中,e一般读做[?]或[?]。
①[?]例如:enemy eleven excuse②[?]例如:student open children
(4) e与其他字母组合的读音:
①ea一般可以读做:[i:]例如:read sea meat repeat[e]例如:bread weather breakfast[??]例如:real idea theatre[e?]例如:great break
②ee一般读做[i:],例如:meet jeep see sheep sleep
③er在重读音节中一般读做[??],例如:term verb certain;在词尾一般读做[?],例如:teacher worker clever④ear一般读做:[??]例如:early earth learn[e?]例如:bear wear[??]例如:hear near dear[a:]例如:heart
⑤eer一般读做[??],例如:pioneer engineer
⑥eir一般读做[e?],例如:their
⑦ere一般读做[e?]:例如:where there或[??]:例如:here mere
⑧ew大多读做[u:],例如:blew grew flew
⑨特殊词汇:clerk[kla:k] were[w??]
i的发音规则
(1) i在重读开音节中读[a?]。例如:bicycle[?ba?s?kl] Friday[?fra?d?] private[?pra?v?t] drive[dra?v](2)双音节词的结尾是“辅音字母+le”,前面的?所在的音节是绝对开音节时,?读[a?]。例如:title[?ta?tl] Bible[?ba?bl] rifle[ra?fl](3)在-igh,-ight,-ign,-ild,-ind中,i读[a?]。例如:bright [?bra?t] high[ha?]child[t?a?ld]但是也有例外,例如:children[?t??ldr?n] w?nd[w?nd](4)在词尾-ile,-ite,-ise,-ize,-wise里,?读[a?]。例如:advertise [??dv?ta?z] crocodile[?kr?k?da?l]appetite[??p?ta?t] realize[?r??la?z]otherwise[????wa?z](5)在词尾一ique里,i读[i:]。例如:antique[?n?ti:k] technique[tek?ni:k] unique [ju?ni:k](6)在重读闭音节中i读[?]。例如:big city dish kid skip rich(7)在双音节和多音节词中i读[?]。例如:differ fifteen history mixture village winner
O的发音规则
(1)o在重读开音节中读[?u]。例如:progress moment notice close ocean(2)词的结尾是-ia,-ial,-ian,-iate,-io,-ion,-ious,-ium等,前面只有一个辅音字母(r除外)时,o读[?u]。例如:associate[??s?u??e?t] devotion[d??v?u??n] Mongolia[m???g??lj?](3)双音节词的词尾是-a,-al,-an,-ar,-en,-?ve,-o,-on,-or,-our,-um,--us,-y时,o读[?u]。例如:broken local open stolen lotus(4)在双音节词和多音节词中,o读[?u]。例如:alone[??l?un] postpone[p?ust?p?un]explode[?ks?pl?ud](5)在-old,-oll,-ost中,o读[?u]。例如:almost cold soldier post(6)词末的o读[?u]。例如:also piano tobacco(7)多音节词的词尾“o+辅音字母+e”,o也读[?u]。例如:telephone envelope(8)在move、prove及其派生词里读做[u:],例如:move approve
U的发音规则
字母U/u以及U/u与其他字母组合的读音规则如下:(1)在重读开音.节中,U一般读做:①[ju:],例如:student use②在字母l、r、j之后读做[u:],例如:blue rule June
(2)在重读闭音节中一般读做:①[?],例如:but bus cup②[u],例如:put full
(3)在非重读音节中一般读做:①[?],例如:upon suppose suggest②[ju],例如:communist occupation③在字母l、r、j之后读[u],例如:instrument④在词尾的-ute,-ude中u读[ju:],例如:institute attitude但是在minute[?m?n?t]中U读[?]
(4)与其他字母组合的读音:①ur,有两种读音:在重读音节中读做[??],例如:turn nurse在非重读音节中读做[?],例如:Saturday murmur②ure,有3种读音:[ju?],例如:pure cure[u?],例如:sure[?],例如:figure injure pleasure③ui,一般有4种读音:[ju:],例如:suit[ju?],或[ju:?],例如:suicide[?sju?sa?d] tuition[tju:????n]在字母l、r、J之后读做[u:],例如:fruit ?juice,或者读做[u?],例如:fluid ruin例外的是suite读[sw?:t]④qu一般读做[kw],例如:question quite quickly ?
辅音字母
辅音分为清辅和浊辅,它们分别是:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts][b][d][g][v][z][?][?][d?][dr][dz][m][n][?][h][r][l][w][j]。?
清辅音:[p][t][k][f][s][θ][?][t?][tr][ts]
浊辅音:[b][d][g][v][z][?][?][d?][dr][dz]
3个鼻音:[m] [n] [?]
3个似拼音:[h] [r] [l]
2个半元音:[w] [j]
他们也分为分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、舌侧音、半元音。
爆破音:[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]。
摩擦音:[f],[s],[?] ,[θ] ,[h],[v],[z],[?],[?],[r]。
破擦音:[t?],[tr],[ts],[d?],[dr],[dz]。
鼻音: [m],[n],[?]。
舌侧音:[l]。
半元音:[w],[j]。
[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
[g] girl good goal goat grade long language
[m] man make moon morning move come comb
[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
[?] uncle bank English think thank junk??sing king morning
[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul
[r] read red right run room write
[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough
[v] very evening even every voice vest of
[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
[z] zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those
[?] that this those these though
[∫] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention
[h] hot hop home house horse how who
[w] when what where window wind wood
[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[t?] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
[d?] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
[tr] tree country try treat track trunk
[dr] dry dream drop drive drink
[ts] students boots boats goats nuts
[dz] goods woods moods hoods