如题所述
第1个回答 2005-08-28
在明代,龙还被人们附会出了一个繁盛的家庭。龙在其形象形成史中,曾是由多面一,即汇集了多种怪异的兽形象而演化为龙。然而并非所有的怪异兽像都百川归海,纳入了龙像之中,在与龙形象形成、发展的同时,一些怪异兽象也在发展,并且在某一方面糅合了龙的某一种形象特征。因而有人又把二者联系起来。在民间,很久就流传着龙生九子的说法,但是九子为何物,并没有确切的记载,然而这一公案却由于“真龙天子”的好奇而有了结果。据说一次早朝,明孝宗朱佑樘突然心血来潮,问以饱学著称的礼部尚书、文渊阁大学士李东阳:“朕闻龙生九子,九子各是何等名目?”李东阳仓卒间不能回答,退朝后左思右想,又向几名同僚询问,糅合民间传说,七拼八凑,才拉出了一张清单,向皇帝交了差。按李东阳的清单,龙的九子是:
(虫+八)(虫+夏):性喜水,被雕成桥柱上的兽形;
嘲风:喜好冒险,因而人铸其像,置于殿角;
睚眦:平生好杀,喜血腥之气,其形为刀柄上所刻之兽像;
赑屃:力大,其背亦负以重物,即今刻在石碑下的石龟;
椒图:形状似螺蚌,性好闭,铺首衔环是其形象;
螭吻:平生好吞,即殿脊的兽头之形;
蒲牢:平生好鸣,它的头像被用作大钟的钟纽;
狻猊:喜欢蹲坐,佛像座下的狮子是其造型;
囚牛:性喜音乐,其形为胡琴琴杆上端的刻像;
所谓龙生九子,并非龙恰好生九子。中国古代传统文化中,往往以九来表示极多,而且有至高无上的地位。九是个虚数,又是个贵数,所以用来描述龙子。
(虫+八)(虫+夏):性喜水,被雕成桥柱上的兽形;
嘲风:喜好冒险,因而人铸其像,置于殿角;
睚眦:平生好杀,喜血腥之气,其形为刀柄上所刻之兽像;
赑屃:力大,其背亦负以重物,即今刻在石碑下的石龟;
椒图:形状似螺蚌,性好闭,铺首衔环是其形象;
螭吻:平生好吞,即殿脊的兽头之形;
蒲牢:平生好鸣,它的头像被用作大钟的钟纽;
狻猊:喜欢蹲坐,佛像座下的狮子是其造型;
囚牛:性喜音乐,其形为胡琴琴杆上端的刻像;
所谓龙生九子,并非龙恰好生九子。中国古代传统文化中,往往以九来表示极多,而且有至高无上的地位。九是个虚数,又是个贵数,所以用来描述龙子。
第2个回答 2005-08-28
龙 生 九 子
一曰霸下,又名赑屃(bi xi),形似龟,好负重,宫殿、祠堂、陵墓的石碑多竖在龟背上,而这些被重物压得不亦乐乎的家伙就是龙子中的老大。
二曰螭(chi)吻,形似把尾巴去掉的四脚蛇,好东张西望,宫殿阶柱及殿顶,以及在民间房屋上雕的兽头是其遗像。
三曰蒱牢,有点像龙,但是非常喜欢大吼大叫,虽然生活在海边,但是却没有办法像他的父祖辈一样呼风唤雨,相反的还十分害怕鲸鱼,所以古代人掌握了他这个弱点,在寺庙、祠堂上的铁铸钟钮就是照着他的形象来做的,而撞钟的木柱都是雕成鲸鱼状,这样据说撞击起来会特别大声,这个家伙可真是把他老爸的脸都丢光了!
四曰狴犴(bi gan),形似虎,有怪力,又好讼,古代监狱门上刻的虎头是他的样子。
五曰饕餍(tao yan),形似狼,好饮食,鼎盖上雕的兽头就是这位龙子。
六曰狻猊(suan ni),形似师,好烟火,又好坐,庙中菩萨坐骑和香炉上雕的兽头是其遗像。
七曰囚牛,形似有鳞角的黄色小龙,平生好音乐,胡琴上刻的兽头就是这一位龙子。
八曰睚疵(ya zi),形似豺,性好杀,通常在一些武器的柄上,或是尾端的环上上面可以见其雕像,以加强杀气。
九曰椒图,形似螺蚌,性好闭,所以大多将其雕像雕在门上,取其好闭之意,当然是希望除了主人之外,不要有人能进入这个家中,免得宵小光顾。
The dragon gives birth to nine sons:
First said (bi xi) that has another name called under hegemony, similar to tortoise is easy to shoulder a heavy task, palace, ancestral hall, mausoleum have more vertical on curvature of the spinal column stone tablets more, and these pigeonhole fellow extremely eldest of (Long Zi) heavy object.
Two said (chi) kiss, similar to lizard that tail removes, easy to gaze around, the steps post of the palace and top of the palace, and the beast head carved on the folk house is its portrait of the deceased.
Three said that (蒱牢), somewhat like the dragon, but like out roaring and crying very much, though live on the seashore, have no idea to exercise magic powers like his father ancestors, the iron on the temple, ancestral hall casts the clock button to do according to his image, and the post which knock into the clock is all to carve whale’s form, it is said like this that it will be very loud to strike, this fellow has really thrown all his daddy’s faces the light!
Four said (bi gan), similar to tigers, there is strange strength, and easy to bring a case to court, the tiger head carved on the ancient prison door is his appearance.
Five said (tao yan), similar to wolf, fine diet, pot cover beast that carve hair the dragon son.
Six said (suan ni), is similar to a teacher, the good firework, easy again to sit, the beast head carved on Bodhisattva’s saddle horse and incense burner in the temple is its portrait of the deceased.
Seven said imprison oxen, is similar to the yellow little dragon with scale’s horn, the good music in all one’s life, the beast head carved on the Chinese fiddle is this dragon son.
Eight said (ya zi), is similar to jackals, the sex is easy to kill, usually on the handles of some weapons, or can see its statue in the above on the ring of the end, in order to strengthen the murderous look.
Nine said that (椒图), similar to spiral shell’s clam, the sex is easy to close, so mostly carve its statue on the door, choose its good purpose that closes, certainly hope besides host, do not want someone to enter in this family, so as to not make night patronize small.本回答被提问者采纳
一曰霸下,又名赑屃(bi xi),形似龟,好负重,宫殿、祠堂、陵墓的石碑多竖在龟背上,而这些被重物压得不亦乐乎的家伙就是龙子中的老大。
二曰螭(chi)吻,形似把尾巴去掉的四脚蛇,好东张西望,宫殿阶柱及殿顶,以及在民间房屋上雕的兽头是其遗像。
三曰蒱牢,有点像龙,但是非常喜欢大吼大叫,虽然生活在海边,但是却没有办法像他的父祖辈一样呼风唤雨,相反的还十分害怕鲸鱼,所以古代人掌握了他这个弱点,在寺庙、祠堂上的铁铸钟钮就是照着他的形象来做的,而撞钟的木柱都是雕成鲸鱼状,这样据说撞击起来会特别大声,这个家伙可真是把他老爸的脸都丢光了!
四曰狴犴(bi gan),形似虎,有怪力,又好讼,古代监狱门上刻的虎头是他的样子。
五曰饕餍(tao yan),形似狼,好饮食,鼎盖上雕的兽头就是这位龙子。
六曰狻猊(suan ni),形似师,好烟火,又好坐,庙中菩萨坐骑和香炉上雕的兽头是其遗像。
七曰囚牛,形似有鳞角的黄色小龙,平生好音乐,胡琴上刻的兽头就是这一位龙子。
八曰睚疵(ya zi),形似豺,性好杀,通常在一些武器的柄上,或是尾端的环上上面可以见其雕像,以加强杀气。
九曰椒图,形似螺蚌,性好闭,所以大多将其雕像雕在门上,取其好闭之意,当然是希望除了主人之外,不要有人能进入这个家中,免得宵小光顾。
The dragon gives birth to nine sons:
First said (bi xi) that has another name called under hegemony, similar to tortoise is easy to shoulder a heavy task, palace, ancestral hall, mausoleum have more vertical on curvature of the spinal column stone tablets more, and these pigeonhole fellow extremely eldest of (Long Zi) heavy object.
Two said (chi) kiss, similar to lizard that tail removes, easy to gaze around, the steps post of the palace and top of the palace, and the beast head carved on the folk house is its portrait of the deceased.
Three said that (蒱牢), somewhat like the dragon, but like out roaring and crying very much, though live on the seashore, have no idea to exercise magic powers like his father ancestors, the iron on the temple, ancestral hall casts the clock button to do according to his image, and the post which knock into the clock is all to carve whale’s form, it is said like this that it will be very loud to strike, this fellow has really thrown all his daddy’s faces the light!
Four said (bi gan), similar to tigers, there is strange strength, and easy to bring a case to court, the tiger head carved on the ancient prison door is his appearance.
Five said (tao yan), similar to wolf, fine diet, pot cover beast that carve hair the dragon son.
Six said (suan ni), is similar to a teacher, the good firework, easy again to sit, the beast head carved on Bodhisattva’s saddle horse and incense burner in the temple is its portrait of the deceased.
Seven said imprison oxen, is similar to the yellow little dragon with scale’s horn, the good music in all one’s life, the beast head carved on the Chinese fiddle is this dragon son.
Eight said (ya zi), is similar to jackals, the sex is easy to kill, usually on the handles of some weapons, or can see its statue in the above on the ring of the end, in order to strengthen the murderous look.
Nine said that (椒图), similar to spiral shell’s clam, the sex is easy to close, so mostly carve its statue on the door, choose its good purpose that closes, certainly hope besides host, do not want someone to enter in this family, so as to not make night patronize small.本回答被提问者采纳
第3个回答 2005-08-28
中国古代传说:龙生九子。
李东阳《怀麓堂集》:“龙生九子不成龙,各有所好。
囚牛,平生好音乐,今胡琴头上刻兽是其遗像;
睚眦(音:牙字),平生好杀,今刀柄上龙吞口是其遗像;
嘲凤,平生好险,今殿角走兽是其遗像;
蒲牢,平生好鸣,今钟上兽钮是其遗像;
狻猊(音:酸尼),平生好坐,今佛座狮子是其遗像;
霸下,平生好负重,今碑座兽是其遗像;
狴犴(音:毕案),平生好讼,今狱门上狮子头是其遗像;
赑屃(音:毕戏),平生好文,今碑两旁文龙是其遗像;
鸱吻,平生好吞,今殿脊兽头是其遗像。
龙生九子的又一个版本
老大赑屃,就是我们常说的“王八驮石碑”。
老二鸱吻,能吞万物,负责看护房屋建筑横脊,就是我们现在所见到的吞脊兽(屋顶两边的大兽)。 老三椒图,面目狰狞,负责看守门户,就是我们现在所看到的门上口衔铁环的神兽。
老四麒麟,不畏火焰,被用做避火神兽,放在重要建筑门前。
老五睚眦,能吞兵器,负责看护天下兵器,就是我们所看到的刀剑的吞口兽。
老六螭首,能吞江吐雨,负责排去雨水,就是我们现在所看到的排水兽。
老七嘲凤,飞檐走壁,负责警卫工作,就是现在所见到的屋顶翘角上的小兽。
老八蒲牢,声音洪亮能传千里,负责报时,就是现在我们所见到的钟上兽钮。
老九囚牛,能通万物之言,辨别声音,因此被放在了乐器的头部,就是我们现在所见到的乐器兽头
李东阳《怀麓堂集》:“龙生九子不成龙,各有所好。
囚牛,平生好音乐,今胡琴头上刻兽是其遗像;
睚眦(音:牙字),平生好杀,今刀柄上龙吞口是其遗像;
嘲凤,平生好险,今殿角走兽是其遗像;
蒲牢,平生好鸣,今钟上兽钮是其遗像;
狻猊(音:酸尼),平生好坐,今佛座狮子是其遗像;
霸下,平生好负重,今碑座兽是其遗像;
狴犴(音:毕案),平生好讼,今狱门上狮子头是其遗像;
赑屃(音:毕戏),平生好文,今碑两旁文龙是其遗像;
鸱吻,平生好吞,今殿脊兽头是其遗像。
龙生九子的又一个版本
老大赑屃,就是我们常说的“王八驮石碑”。
老二鸱吻,能吞万物,负责看护房屋建筑横脊,就是我们现在所见到的吞脊兽(屋顶两边的大兽)。 老三椒图,面目狰狞,负责看守门户,就是我们现在所看到的门上口衔铁环的神兽。
老四麒麟,不畏火焰,被用做避火神兽,放在重要建筑门前。
老五睚眦,能吞兵器,负责看护天下兵器,就是我们所看到的刀剑的吞口兽。
老六螭首,能吞江吐雨,负责排去雨水,就是我们现在所看到的排水兽。
老七嘲凤,飞檐走壁,负责警卫工作,就是现在所见到的屋顶翘角上的小兽。
老八蒲牢,声音洪亮能传千里,负责报时,就是现在我们所见到的钟上兽钮。
老九囚牛,能通万物之言,辨别声音,因此被放在了乐器的头部,就是我们现在所见到的乐器兽头