must和have to的区别

如题所述

第1个回答  2016-01-08
  must与have to的区别
  区别1:must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事,多译为“必须”,而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限,即客观要求(无奈)而为之,多译为“不得不干某事”。
  例:I must clean the room because there are too dirty.(无人强迫) 因为太脏了,我必须要打扫房间。
  We must be there on time. (责任感的驱使)我们一定准时到达。 I have to do my homework now.(不得不做) 我现在不得不做作业。
  I have to leave school because my family is poor now.(无奈) 因为家里穷了,我不得不退学。
  区别2:must没有时态的变化,而have to有时态的变化。
  例:Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks. His father has to go to take care of him.
  大明受伤了。医生说他大概得住院两周,他的父亲得去照顾他。 We dont have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。
  区别3:must的否定为mustnt, 多表示“禁令”。
  例:No!You mustnt turn left! You must turn right into The Strand. 不!你不能向左转!你应该向右转进入到strand中。
  由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”; 此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现!
  例:1)—Must I finish my homework before eight oclock? —Yes, you must.
  我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗? 是的,必须。
  2)—Must I attend the meeting?
  —No, you neednt/dont have to. You can ask Tom to go instead. 我必须要参加这次会议吗? 不。你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。
  Can and have to
  A. 定义: 情态动词是一类用于表示说话人的语气和情态的助动词。常表示命令、请求、拒绝、义务、可能、需要等。can和may是其中两个。
  B. 情态动词的几个特征:
  ①情态动词不同于实义动词,不可单独作谓语,只有跟实义动词连用才有意义;
  ②情态动词没有人称和数的变化;
  ③情态动词后的动词必须用原形。
  C. can的用法:
  ①表示有能力做某事,意为“能、会”。如:
  The girl can sing in English.
  ②表示许可,意为“可以”,如:
  You can drive my car to the post office.
  ③表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
  He can’t be your brother, you don’t look the same.
  D. may的用法:
  ①表示请求,语气比can弱。如:
  –May I use your eraser?
  – Certainly. But you must give it back to me soon.
  ②表示推测,意为“也许,可能”。如:
  She may be at home. Let’s go to see him.
  E. 情态动词的否定式和疑问式:

  ①否定式:一般在can, may后面加not。如:
  You can’t use the bike.
  He may not be right.
  ②疑问式:将can, may提前即可。如:
  I’m very tired. May I have a rest?
  Can you help me (to) study maths?
第2个回答  2015-05-29
1)强调重点不同

两者都表示必须,但must 侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to 则重于客观需要,含有不得不或被迫之意:

We must go at once. 我们必须马上就走。

If I buy that car, l have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车,我得借些钱。

2)时态形式不同

must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去),而 have to 则有多种时态形式:

She said (that) she must go with me. 她说她一定要同我一起去。

They have had to buy a car. 他们不得不买了辆小汽车。

3)非谓语形式不同

have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式,而 must 则没有这些形式:

He only saw her in the evening,having to be away all day. 他整天得外出,只能晚上见她。

I regret to have to trouble you again. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。

4)否定式的意义不同

must 的否定式 mustn‘t 意为一定不要、不允许;

而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为不必(=needn‘t)。比较:

You mustn‘t tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。(可能是秘密)

You don‘t have to tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。(他可能知道了)
第3个回答  2013-09-21
must 表示由说话人加予的义务:
Mother:You must wipe your feet when you come in.
母亲:你进屋前必须先蹭脚.
have to 则表示外界的义务:
Small boy:I have to wipe my feet every time I come in.
小男孩:我每次进屋前都得先蹭掉鞋上的土.

第二人称的例句
1)说话人的权威
Mother:You must wear a dress tonight.You can't go to the opera in those dreadful jeans.母亲:你今晚必须穿一条礼服裙衣.你可不能穿着那些难看的牛仔服去歌剧院.
Employer:You must use a dictionary.I'm tired of correcting your spelling mistakes.雇主:你必须用字典.我厌烦给你改拼音写错误了.
Doctor:You must cut down on your smoking.
医生:你必须少吸烟.

2)外界的权威
You have to wear uniform on duty,don't you?你在值班时必须穿制服,是吗?
You have to train very hard for these big matches,I suppose.我想,为参加这些大赛你必须刻苦训练.

第三人称的例句
这时must主要用于书面指令或指导
Railway company:Passengers must cross the line by the footbridge.铁路公告:旅客必须由天桥过马路.
只不过是讲述或评论他人的义务时,则用have to:
In this office even the senior staff have to be at their desks by 9:00.在这个办公室,就连高级职员也要在9:00前到达他们各自的办公桌前.

如果用must代替上面例子中的have to,就可能意指说话的人有权下命令这样做.
但must可用于表示说话人对某种责任,义务是赞成或同意的:
A driver who has knocked someone down must stop.撞人的司机必须停车.(说话人认为这是司机的责任.)

第一人称的例子
第一人称为主语时,must 和have to二者之间的差别不那么重要,常常两种形式都可以用:
Patient:I must/have to /will have to cut down on my smoking.患者:我必须减少吸烟.
但在表示习惯时,have to更好:
I have to take two of these pills a day.我必须每天吃两片这种药.
某事对说话人很急迫,或被说话人认为很重要时,则以用must为好.
I must tell you about a dream I had last night.

表示过去的义务而且说话人本身的权威和外界的权威无法区分时,只可用一个形式,即had to:
I ran out of money and had to borrow from Tom.我没钱花了,不得不向汤姆借钱.
There were no buses so he had to walk.没有公共汽车,所以他只好走着去.

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