介词短语做宾语补足语和定语的区别?
宾语补足语是用来说明宾语的性质特征的,例如:You will find him at work. 这里介词短语at work就是用来补充说明him的动作特征的.
定语是用来修饰名词的,相当于形容词的作用.只不过介词短语作定语是要后置修饰名词,例如:The cute boy in blue jeans.这里介词短语in blue jeans就是后置修饰boy.译为:穿蓝色裤子的那个男孩
宾语和宾语补足语有一个重要特点:就是在宾语的后面加上be动词,若能构成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语,否则是直接宾语.请看例句:
I made John our chairman (加be动词,John is our chairman,这讲的通所以our chairman 是补足语)
I made John a cake (加be动词, John is a cake,这显然不合逻辑,所以a cake 是直接宾语)
再回过头来看前面那个例子:You will find him at work(加be动词,He is at work,这讲的通,所以at work这个介词短语是宾语补足语)
很晚啦就讲到这,祝学习进步!
定语是用来修饰名词的,相当于形容词的作用.只不过介词短语作定语是要后置修饰名词,例如:The cute boy in blue jeans.这里介词短语in blue jeans就是后置修饰boy.译为:穿蓝色裤子的那个男孩
宾语和宾语补足语有一个重要特点:就是在宾语的后面加上be动词,若能构成一个语义通顺的句子,则是补足语,否则是直接宾语.请看例句:
I made John our chairman (加be动词,John is our chairman,这讲的通所以our chairman 是补足语)
I made John a cake (加be动词, John is a cake,这显然不合逻辑,所以a cake 是直接宾语)
再回过头来看前面那个例子:You will find him at work(加be动词,He is at work,这讲的通,所以at work这个介词短语是宾语补足语)
很晚啦就讲到这,祝学习进步!
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第1个回答 2010-09-18
一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
复合宾语 是由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成。宾语补足语是表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作,或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等。复合宾语中的宾语和宾语补足语主要有下面几种类型:
1.名词(或代词)+不定式,例:
The teacher wants us all to become good pupils.老师希望我们成为好学生。
I didn't expect you to arrive here so soon.我没有料到你会来得这么快。
注意:谓语动词如果是使役动词make,let,have或表示
感觉的动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to等,后面复合结构中的不定式不带to,例:They made the boy go to bed early.他们让那孩子早睡。
I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听见人谈过这事。
但如果这类句子变为被动结构,to就要保留,例:They were made to work day and night.让他们日夜干活。
2.名词(代词)+分词,例:
we saw the boy hit by his dad.我们看见那个孩子被他爸爸打了。
I won’t have you shouting at me that way.我不容许你这样对我喊叫。
注意:在一些感觉动词后面既可用现在分词,又可用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者有差别。用现在分词表示的动作和谓语同时发生,用不定式表示的动作已结束了,例:He saw the girl singing.他看见这个女孩正在唱歌。
He saw the girl sing.他看见过这个女孩唱过歌。
3.名词(或代词)+名词
用名词作宾语补足语通常表明身份、职位等,例:They selected Li Ming leader of the group.他们选李明为小组长。(此时leader of the group表示职位不加冠词)
He always consided her his real friend.她一直把她认作真正的朋友。
4.名词性从句+形容词
复合宾语中的宾语也可由that引起的从句来充当。此时, 宾语从句常被移到句尾,前面用it来代替,例:
We all feel it sorry that the boy can’t pass the maths exam.这个男孩数学考试不及格,我们都很遗憾。
5.名词(或代词)+形容词,例:
I can’t drink it hot.这东西热得我不能喝。
The party made him happy.这次聚会使他高兴。
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
复合宾语 是由宾语和宾语补足语两部分组成。宾语补足语是表示宾语所代表的人或物所做的动作,或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等。复合宾语中的宾语和宾语补足语主要有下面几种类型:
1.名词(或代词)+不定式,例:
The teacher wants us all to become good pupils.老师希望我们成为好学生。
I didn't expect you to arrive here so soon.我没有料到你会来得这么快。
注意:谓语动词如果是使役动词make,let,have或表示
感觉的动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to等,后面复合结构中的不定式不带to,例:They made the boy go to bed early.他们让那孩子早睡。
I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听见人谈过这事。
但如果这类句子变为被动结构,to就要保留,例:They were made to work day and night.让他们日夜干活。
2.名词(代词)+分词,例:
we saw the boy hit by his dad.我们看见那个孩子被他爸爸打了。
I won’t have you shouting at me that way.我不容许你这样对我喊叫。
注意:在一些感觉动词后面既可用现在分词,又可用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者有差别。用现在分词表示的动作和谓语同时发生,用不定式表示的动作已结束了,例:He saw the girl singing.他看见这个女孩正在唱歌。
He saw the girl sing.他看见过这个女孩唱过歌。
3.名词(或代词)+名词
用名词作宾语补足语通常表明身份、职位等,例:They selected Li Ming leader of the group.他们选李明为小组长。(此时leader of the group表示职位不加冠词)
He always consided her his real friend.她一直把她认作真正的朋友。
4.名词性从句+形容词
复合宾语中的宾语也可由that引起的从句来充当。此时, 宾语从句常被移到句尾,前面用it来代替,例:
We all feel it sorry that the boy can’t pass the maths exam.这个男孩数学考试不及格,我们都很遗憾。
5.名词(或代词)+形容词,例:
I can’t drink it hot.这东西热得我不能喝。
The party made him happy.这次聚会使他高兴。
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
第2个回答 2010-09-15
宾语补足语:
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it显然是宾语。但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作。
句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
下面举例具体说明一下
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
回答完毕,希望对你有帮助~
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it显然是宾语。但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink。pink 是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作。
句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
下面举例具体说明一下
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
回答完毕,希望对你有帮助~