二、加强我国政府公共危机管理能力的几点建议
(一)完善法治建设,加强群众危机意识
运用法律手段处理与危机有关的公共事务,建立一整套相互匹
配、协调运作的法律法规体系是各国政府普遍采取的措施和对策。
将危机管理纳入法制化轨道,有利于保证危机事件应对处理措施的
正当性和高效性。形成一套统一协调、具有可操作性的公共危机管
理的法律体系,使公共危机管理有法可依。
注意在全国范围内培养和强化公民的危机意识。首先,必须在
全民心中树立危机理念,认识到危机是一种客观存在的社会现象。
其次,必须加强公务员队伍的危机管理知识与能力的培训,主要可能
发生的社会矛盾、自然灾害、民族冲突等危机形势、所采取的紧急应
对的法律程序、手段等相关知识的培训,以提高公务员危机事件的应
急能力。再次,对普通民众开展危机应对教育,使民众了解各种灾难
发生的过程,掌握一定的自救、互救的方法,提高民众的危机应对技
能,提高整体抵御危机的能力。
(二)完善危机管理机制
危机发生前的预防机制:建立高效的危机风险评估机制和预警
系统。对各种潜在危机风险随时进行评估是危机预防管理的一项重
要工作。这主要包括对可能的危机进行预测、制定具体危机处理策
略和方案、监控危机,搜集实时信息,形成高效反应机制。
危机发生时的管理机制:在国家层次上建立全国危机管理委员
会作为危机管理的中枢决策机构,并以法律法规明确和规范其相应
的职责。危机发生后集中、统一行使危机状态下的紧急处置权,制定
出有效的危机处理方案和对策,对公共资源进行有效分配使用,确保
各种资源得到最佳化运转和合理化使用。
危机发生后的救助机制:建立健全的社会救助机制。在公共危
机事件处理中,应充分调动社会力量,利用社会资源分担政府的危机
处理压力,因此,政府须积极引导构建社会民间救助组织,组建社会
义务工作者队伍。
(三)建立完善的信息沟通机制,促进群众参与
在危机事件发生时,要高度重视信息的密集搜集,尤其是要高度
重视信息的及时发布和公开,这样做既是保障公民知情权的客观需
要,也是正确应对危机事件的客观需要。而客观公开的信息才能有
效地组织社会力量,让社会大众积极参与到政府的救灾行为中,而不
是被动地过分依赖政府,才能更快更好地战胜危机。同时公开和公享信
息,也有利于争取国际社会合作,实现研究上的突破,尽快解决问题。
(A) improve the rule of law, strengthening the people a sense of crisis
To use legal means to deal with the crisis in public affairs, the establishment of a set of each horse
Assigned to coordinate the operation of the system of laws and regulations of various governments to the general measures and countermeasures.
Crisis management will be incorporated into the orbit of the rule of law will help ensure that measures to deal with crises in the
Legitimacy and efficiency. The formation of a unified coordination, operational control of the public crisis
The rationale for the legal system, the public law of crisis management.
Attention across the country to cultivate and strengthen the citizen's sense of crisis. First of all, must be
Establish a crisis in the hearts of the concept of universal, recognizing that the objective existence of the crisis is a social phenomenon.
Secondly, the need to strengthen the civil service know-how and capacity for crisis management training, the main potential
Occurrence of social contradictions, natural disasters, ethnic conflicts and other crisis situations, the emergency should be taken
Of the proceedings, means the training of relevant knowledge to improve the crisis of civil servants should be
Emergency capacity. Third, to carry out the crisis on ordinary people to deal with education so that people understand the variety of disaster
Process took place, acquire a certain amount of self-help, mutual method to save and improve the people skills to deal with the crisis
Can improve the overall ability to resist the crisis.
(B) improve the crisis management mechanism
Pre-crisis prevention mechanisms: the establishment of efficient mechanisms for crisis risk assessment and early warning
System. The risk of a variety of potential crisis is a crisis at any time to assess the preventive management of a re -
To work. This includes possible to predict the crisis, crisis management to develop specific policy
Slightly and programs, monitoring the crisis, the collection of real-time information to form a highly efficient response mechanisms.
Crisis management mechanism at the time: at the national level, the establishment of the National Crisis Management Committee
Crisis management as the central decision-making body, and clear laws and regulations and norms of their respective
Responsibilities. Crisis concentration in exercise of crisis in a unified state of emergency the right to develop
Effective crisis management programs and countermeasures of the allocation of public resources for effective use, to ensure that the
A variety of resources to optimize and rationalize the use of operation.
Post-crisis relief mechanisms: the establishment of a sound mechanism for social assistance. Public danger
Machine event processing should be fully mobilized social forces, the use of social resources to share the Government's crisis
Deal with stress, therefore, the Government should actively guide non-governmental relief organizations to build community, the formation of social
Obligations to workers.
(C) the establishment of a sound communication mechanism to promote mass participation
The time of the incident in the crisis, it is necessary to attach great importance to the collection of information-intensive, especially to a high degree of
Great importance to the timely release of information and open, this is the objective to protect the citizens need to know
To, but also the correct response to the objective needs of crisis. And objective information in order to open
Effective organization of social forces, so as to allow the public to actively participate in the conduct of the Government's disaster relief, rather than
Is passively relying on the government to overcome the crisis faster and better. At the same time enjoy open and public letter
Income, but also conducive to the international community for cooperation in order to achieve a breakthrough in research to address problems quickly.
(a) perfect the construction of rule of law, strengthen the consciousness of mass crisis
Using legal means to deal with the crisis, and establish a public affairs each horse
Match, coordination and operation system of laws and regulations are generally adopted the governments measures and countermeasures.
Will the crisis management into legal system, guaranteeing measures to handle crisis
Justice and efficiency. Form a unified coordination and operable public crisis
Richard's legal system, make public crisis management work.
Note in the nationwide cultivate and strengthen the sense of crisis citizens. First, we must
National heart, to establish crisis crisis is a kind of social phenomenon exists objectively.
Second, we must strengthen the management of civil servant's crisis of knowledge and ability training, may
Of social contradictions and natural disasters, ethnic conflicts taken such crisis situations, the emergency
The legal procedure and method of related knowledge, in order to improve the training of civil servants crisis
Nasty ability. Again, for ordinary people to develop education, make public crisis of knowledge of the various disasters
Of course, master certain and communal methods, improve public crisis coping skills
Can enhance the overall resist crisis.
(2) improve crisis management mechanism
Pre-crisis prevention mechanism: establish efficient risk evaluation mechanism and the crisis warning
System. Any of various potential crisis risk assessment is a crisis prevention and management
To work. It mainly includes the crisis may formulate specific forecast, crisis management strategy
Slightly and solutions, monitoring, collect real-time information, the crisis of forming high response mechanism.
A crisis management mechanism, the national level of national crisis management
As the crisis management of the central decision-making mechanism, and to regulate the laws and regulations and relevant
Responsibilities. Crisis after crisis of centralized and unified under the state of emergency exercise, disposition
The effective crisis management plan and countermeasures of public resources effectively, assign the use, ensure
All kinds of resources to get optimal operation and reasonable use.
After the crisis of relief mechanism: establishing and perfecting social assistance system. In public
In the event handling machine, should mobilize social forces, the use of social resources sharing of government crisis
Deal with the pressure, therefore, the government should actively guide constructing social relief organizations, folk society
Volunteers.
(3) establish perfect information communication mechanism, promoting the mass participation
In crisis occurred, should attach great importance to collect information of dense, especially to height
Timely release of information value, and do so as to guarantee citizens' right to objectively
To correctly deal with crises, but also the objective need of events. And objective information can have publicly
Organize social forces, the effect of social public to participate actively in the government's behavior, and no relief
Is passively over-reliance on government, to better and faster to overcome the crisis. Also open and enjoy
Interest, but also beneficial to the realization of social cooperation, study, and as soon as possible to solve the problem.
The time of the incident in the crisis, it is necessary to attach great importance to the collection of information-intensive, especially to a high degree of
Great importance to the timely release of information and open, this is the objective to protect the citizens need to know本回答被提问者采纳