摘 要
20世纪90年代以来，随着贸易自由化进程的不断加速，关税与传统非关税壁垒不断削减，技术性贸易壁垒目前已经成为主要的国际贸易壁垒形式，许多国家和地区通过制定各种复杂苛刻的技术法规与技术标准、合格评定程序、环境标志制度、绿色包装壁垒以及卫生检疫措施等来限制进口与保护国内市场。当今技术性贸易壁垒变得更加复杂和隐蔽，正在成为最普遍、最难以对付的国际贸易壁垒，对经济和特别是对我国农产品国际贸易的影响越来越大。
我国已经加入世贸组织，与成员方的贸易将享受最惠国待遇和国民待遇，关税壁垒和许多传统的非关税壁垒对我国外贸发展的影响将日渐减小，而技术性贸易壁垒的影响将会比“入世”之前更为突出。事实上，技术性贸易壁垒已经影响到中国包括农产品在内的对外贸易的发展。
基于上述背景，本论文遵循理论分析、实证分析与对策研究的思路对技术性贸易壁垒与中国农产品对外贸易发展问题进行以下研究。①在对技术性贸易壁垒的基本定义进行界定的基础上，阐述其基本特征、表现形式，分析技术性贸易壁垒产生的背景、现状、发展趋势及其研究意义；论述技术性贸易壁垒形成原因、作用及对我国农产品贸易的影响。②分析技术性贸易壁垒对我国农产品对外贸易的经济效应，包括对进口国经济效应分析、对受限国经济效应分析、对技术性贸易壁垒保护程度的经济分析。③在政策研究部分，系统地提出从政策、体制、制度建设三个方面，从宏观、中观、微观三个角度，从政府、行业组织、企业三大层面应对技术性贸易壁垒的政策建议。
通过对中国农产品对外贸易遭遇技术性贸易壁垒的经济学分析，达到得出合理的技术性贸易措施，保护国内农产品市场发展的目的。
关键词：技术性贸易壁垒 中国农产品 农产品出口
第1个回答 2009-05-09
Since 1990s, with the accelerating constantly of process of liberalization of trade, tariff and traditional non-tariff tade barriers were cut down constantly, TBT (Technical barriers to trade) has already become the main international trade barrier form at present, a lot of countries and regions pass and make various complicated and harsh technological regulations and technical standards, it is qualified to evaluate the procedure, environment mark system, pack the barrier and hygiene quarantine measure etc. to exercise restraint in importing and protecting the domestic market green. Nowadays TBT (Technical barriers to trade) becomes more complicatedly and conceals, becoming most general, international trade barrier difficult to deal with the most, to economy and especially the impact on international trade of agricultural product of our country is greater and greater. Our country has already joined WTO, will enjoy most-favored-nation treatment and national treatment with member's square trade, tariff barrier and a lot of traditional impacts on development of foreign trade of our country of non-tariff tade barriers will be reduced day by day, and the influence of TBT (Technical barriers to trade) will be more outstanding than " entry to WTO ". In fact, TBT (Technical barriers to trade) has already influenced the development of foreign trade including agricultural product of China. Because of background described above, this thesis follows the thinking studied in theory analysis, analysis and countermeasure of real example and carries on the following research to TBT (Technical barriers to trade) and Chinese agricultural product foreign trade development problem. ①Define in the basic definition of TBT (Technical barriers to trade) Foundation at,essential feature of lasting its, form of expression,it analyze background, current situation, development trend and their research meaning that TBT (Technical barriers to trade) produce; Expound the fact TBT (Technical barriers to trade) forms the reason, function and impact on agricultural product trade of our country. ②Analyze the economic effect on foreign trade of agricultural product of our country of TBT (Technical barriers to trade), including analyzing to importer's economic effect, analyzing to the limited country's economic effect, protecting the economic analysis of the intensity to TBT (Technical barriers to trade). ③In the part of research in policy, propose three respects from the policy, system, institutional improvement systematically, from the macroscopic, hit three angles of view, microcosmic, deal with the policy recommendations of TBT (Technical barriers to trade) from three major aspects of government, trade organizations, enterprises. Through encountering the economics analysis of TBT (Technical barriers to trade) to Chinese agricultural product foreign trade, reach and obtain the rational technical trade measure, the purpose to protect domestic development of market for farm products. Keyword: TBT (Technical barriers to trade) Chinese agricultural products Agricultural products are exported
