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鳄鱼，一般指广泛分布在世界各地的鳄目 Crocodylia类的动物。代表性主体鳄鱼——湾鳄，是鳄形目鳄科的1种，又称湾鳄或海鳄。分布于东南亚沿海直到澳大利亚北部。全长6～7米，重约1吨，最长达10米，是现存最大的爬行动物。湾鳄生活尼罗鳄(Crocodilus niloticus)在海湾里或远渡大海。鳄鱼是迄今发现活着的最早和最原始的爬行动物，它是在三叠纪至白垩纪的中生代（ 约两亿年以前）由两栖类进化而来，延续至今仍是半水生性凶猛的爬行动物，它和恐龙是同时代的动物，恐龙的灭绝不管是环境的影响，还是自身的原因，都已是化石；鳄鱼的存在证明了它生命的强有力。
鳄鱼不是鱼，属脊椎动物爬行虫纲，是祖龙现存唯一的后代。它入水能游，登陆能爬，体胖力大，被称为“爬虫类之王”。它以肺呼吸，由于体内氨基酸链的结构，使之供氧储氧能力较强，因而具有长寿的特征。一般鳄鱼平均寿命高达150岁，是爬行动物中寿命很长的。（乌龟平均寿命152，是最长的）
据考古发现鳄鱼最大体长达12米重约10吨，但大部分种类鳄鱼平均体长约6米重约1吨，主要以鱼类、水禽、野兔、蛙等为食，属肉食性动物。
Crocodiles, generally refers to the widely distributed in the world of animals Crocodylia crocodile orders. Representative body crocodile - the estuarine crocodile, is the crocodile shape eye alligator, said the estuarine crocodile or sea alligator. South east coast until in northern Australia. 6-7 meters length, weighed about 1 ton, the longest of 10 meters, is the largest reptile. Nile crocodile estuarine crocodile lives in the gulf Crocodilus (niloticus) in crossing the ocean or far. The crocodile is ever found alive in the earliest and most primitive reptiles, it is in the Triassic period of the Mesozoic cretaceous LiangYiNian (about) evolved by amphibian, still is half water is fierce reptiles, it is contemporary and dinosaurs animals, extinction of the dinosaurs whether environment influence, or their own reasons, is fossil, The existence of crocodiles proved its strong life.
Crocodile not fish, reptiles of vertebrates, ZuLong extant insects are the offspring. It into the water to swim, landing can climb, fat, called the "king" of reptiles. It is due to lung respiration, the structure, the chains of amino acids that oxygen oxygen storage ability strong, thus has the characteristics of longevity. General average life expectancy crocodile as 150 years old, is very long reptiles. Life expectancy (turtle is the longest) 152.
According to the archaeological discoveries in 12 meters crocodile weighs about 10 tons, but most species crocodile average six meters length about 1 ton, mainly fish, frogs, rabbits, waterfowl such as food, belong to carnivores.本回答被网友采纳

鳄目
维基百科，自由的百科全书
鳄目

扬子鳄 Alligator sinensis
科学分类
界： 动物界 Animalia

门： 脊索动物门 Chordata

纲： 爬行纲 Reptilia

目： 鳄目 Crocodilia
Owen, 1842

科
鼍科 Alligatoridae
鳄科 Crocodylidae
长吻鳄科 Gavialidae

鳄鱼，属于爬虫纲鳄目。分布于热带到亚热带的河川、湖泊、海岸中，现存23种

特征
长吻锐齿、四肢短小、尾巴扁平有力、皮硬厚鳞。栖于热带河流沼泽，并很少离开水过远的地方。性凶残，食肉为主。卵生、寿命长。咸水鳄可达6米长。

鳄鱼的心脏和人类一样有两房（左心房、右心房）和两室（左心室、右心室），是脊椎动物中首次出现的左右心室完全分隔。（两栖动物和除鳄鱼以外的爬行动物都只有一个心室，或没有完全分隔的左右心室。）脊椎动物中只有鳄鱼、鸟类、哺乳动物有左右心室完全分隔的心脏。

另外，鳄鱼的平均寿命长达150年，亦是爬行动物寿命最长的。根据部分考古学家研究发现，古代鳄鱼体长最长达到12米。

[编辑] 分类

[编辑] 鼍科[1]（短吻鳄科） Alligatoridae
短吻鳄亚科 Alligatorinae
短吻鳄属 Alligator
美国短吻鳄 Alligator mississippiensis
扬子鳄（中国短吻鳄） Alligator sinensis
凯门鳄亚科 Caimaninae
凯门鳄属 Caiman
眼镜凯门鳄 Caiman crocodilus
巴拉圭凯门鳄 Caiman yacare
宽吻凯门鳄 Caiman latirostros
古鳄属 Paleosuchus
钝吻古鳄 Paleosuchus palpebrosus
锥吻古鳄 Paleosuchus trigonuatus
黑鳄属 Melanosuchus
黑凯门鳄 Melanosuchus niger

[编辑] 鳄科 Crocodylidae
鳄亚科 Crocodylinae
鳄属 Crocodylus
美洲鳄 Crocodylus acutus
非洲狭吻鳄 Crocodylus cataphractus
奥利诺科鳄 Crocodylus intermedius
澳大利亚淡水鳄 Crocodylus johnstoni
菲律宾鳄 Crocodylus mindorensis
危地马拉鳄（莫瑞雷鳄） Crocodylus moreletii
尼罗鳄 Crocodylus niloticus
新几内亚鳄 Crocodylus novaeguineae
沼泽鳄 Crocodylus palustris
湾鳄（河口鳄） Crocodylus porosus
古巴鳄 Crocodylus rhombifer
暹罗鳄 Crocodylus siamensis
侏鳄属 Osteolaemus
侏鳄 Osteolaemus tetraspis

[编辑] 长吻鳄科 Gavialidae
切喙鳄属 Tomistoma
马来鳄 Tomistoma schlegelii
长吻鳄属 Gavialis
恒河鳄（食鱼鳄、长吻鳄） Gavialis gangeticus

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A crocodile is a species belonging to the family Crocodylidae (sometimes classified instead as the subfamily Crocodylinae). The term can also be used more loosely to include all members of the order Crocodilia: i.e. the true crocodiles, the alligators and caimans (family Alligatoridae) and the gharials (family Gavialidae), or even the Crocodylomorpha which includes prehistoric crocodile relatives and ancestors. Crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. Crocodiles tend to congregate in freshwater habitats like rivers, lakes, wetlands and sometimes in brackish water. They feed mostly on vertebrates like fish, reptiles, and mammals, sometimes on invertebrates like mollusks and crustaceans, depending on species. They are an ancient lineage, and are believed to have changed little since the time of the dinosaurs. They are believed to be 200 million years old whereas dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago; crocodiles survived great extinction events.