如题所述
在英语中,有些名词可以加 's 来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。 一、 's 构成名词所有格的方法: 1. 单数名词直接在词尾加 's 。例如: This is my mother's bag. (这是我妈妈的包。) Where are Tom's books? (汤姆的书在哪儿?) 2. 在不规则复数名词的词尾加 's 。例如: Mrs Li is good at writing children's books. (李女士擅长写儿童书籍。) 3. 若名词已有复数形式的词尾 -s ,则仅在词尾加 ' 。例如: She is in the teachers' reading-room. (她在教师阅览室里。) Can you tell me how to get to the Workers' Stadium? (你能告诉我怎样才能到达工人体育馆去吗?) 4. 以 -s 结尾的专有名词(尤其是人名),后面可加 's ,也可仅加 ' ,但均读作 [iz] 。例如: On the shelf over there are Engels's (或 Engels' ) works. (那边书架上都是恩格斯的著作。) Have you ever read Burns's (或 Burns' ) poems? (你读过彭斯的诗吗?) 5. 复合名词的所用格和某些短语的所有格是在最后的那个词的词尾上加 's 。例如: This is her brother-in-law's bike. (这是她姐夫的自行车。) I don't know the editor-in-chief's telephone number. (我不知道总编辑的电话号码。) Here comes the Premier of France's car. (法国总理的汽车来了。) This work took us almost half a year's time. (这项工作花了我们几乎半年的时间。) 6. 在并列名词表示共同所有时,在后一个名词词尾上加 's 。例如: Mr Smith is Mary and Tom's father. (史密斯先生是玛丽和汤姆的爸爸。) He is my father and mother's friend. (他是我爸妈的朋友。) 并列名词表示各自所有时,在两个或两个以上的名词的词尾上分别加 's 。例如: These are John's and Henry's bikes. (这些是约翰和亨利的自行车。) Mary's and Helen's beds are in the next room. (玛丽和海伦的床铺都在隔壁房间里。) 二、 's 构成的名词所有格的用法: 1. 主要用于表示人的名词,说明“某人所有的”。例如: Is this Mr Black's or Miss Jane's office? (这是布莱克先生的办公室还是简小姐的办公室?) It's one of Shelley's best poems. (这是雪莱的最佳诗作之一。) My sister is studying at a girls' school. (我妹妹在一所女子学校读书。) 2. 表示时间概念。例如: Today is yesterday's pupil. (谚)(昨日是今天之师。) My birthday is only in a few days' time. (我的生日只在几天之后。) We have two weeks' vacation for Christmas. (圣诞节我们有两周的假期。) 3. 表示距离范围。例如: The park is a stone's throw from here. (公园离这里很近。) It's about ten minutes' walk from here to our school. (从这里到我们学校大约步行 10 分钟的路程。) 4. 表示重量、价格等意义。例如: I bought one hundred dollars' worth of stamps. (我买了价值 100 美元的邮票。) I have lost at least ten pounds' weight. (我的体重至少减轻了 10 磅。) 5. 表示节日名称。例如: March 8th is Women's Day. ( 3 月 8 日是妇女节) On Children's Day little boys and girls have a wonderful time. (在儿童节这天孩子们玩得很开心。) 又如: Teachers' Day (教师节), Mothers' Day (母亲节), April Fools' Day (愚人节), New Year's Day (元旦), Valentine's Day (情人节)等。 6. 在用作同位语的名词词尾上加 's 表示所属关系。例如: Have you seen my brother, John's bicycle? (你看见了我弟弟约翰的自行车了吗?) I bought this book at Smith, the bookseller's. (这本书我是在史密斯书店里买的。) 7. 表示“某人的家”、“某场所或店铺”,这时,所有格名词后面往往省略了相关的名词。例如: — Where are you going? (你上哪里去?) — To Tom's. (到汤姆家去。)( to Tom's = to Tom's house ) She is now at the doctor's. (现在她在医生的诊所里。) ( at the doctor's = at the doctor's clinic ) 又如: at the tailor's (= at the tailor's shop) (在裁缝铺里), go to the barber's (= go to the barber's shop) (去理发店里), at the chemist's (= at the chemist's shop) (在药铺里), at her uncle's (= at her uncle's home) (在她叔叔的家里)等。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考