幼儿语言学习发音器官的例子

speech organs,are also known as vocal organs.it is striking to see how much body is involved in the production of speech:the lungs,the trachea,the throat,the nose,and the mouth.inside the mouth we need to distinguish the tongue and various parts of the palate while,inside the throat,we have to distinguish pharynx,the upper part,from larynx,the lower part containing the vocal folds.the pharynx,mouth,and nose form the three cavities of the vocal tract.the mouth and the nose are often referred to,respectively,as the oral cavity and the nasal cavity.speech sounds are produced with an airstream as their sources of energy.at the top of the trachea is the larynx,the front of which is the adam's apple.the larynx contains two pairs of structure,the vocal folds and ventriculary folds.the vocal folds lie horizontally below the latter and their front ends are joined together at the back of the adam's apple.their rear ends,however,remain seperated and can move into various positions:inwards,outwards,forwards.backwards,and tilting slightly,upwards and downwards.for most phonetic purposes,it is sufficient to say that the vocal folds are either (a)apart(b)close together,or(c)totally closed.the larynx opoens into a muscular tube,the pharynx,part of which can be seen in a mirror.the upper part of the pharynx connects to the oral and nasal cavities.the contents of the mouth are very important for speech production.starting from the front ,the upper part of the mouth includes the upper lip,the upper teeth,the alveolar ridge,the hard palate,the soft palate,and the uvula.the bottom part of the mouth contains the lower lip,the lower teeth,the tongue,and the mandible.in phonetics,the tongue is divided into five parts:the tip,the blade,the front,the back and the root.(in some analyses,the major part of the tongue is often referred to as the tongue body or the dorsum.)some languages contain speech sounds that are produced without airstreams from the lungs,these sounds include ejectives,implosives and clicks.such sounds are labeled "non-pulmonic'sounds.
言语器官，也经常被称作发音器官。如果去考察人体有多少部分参与了言语行为，你会大吃一惊，他们是：肺，气管，喉，鼻和口。在口里，我们需要辨认舌及腭的不同部分。在喉里，我们还要辨认咽和后头。咽，口和鼻组成了声道的三大腔，口和鼻常被分别称为口腔和鼻腔。发音以气流作为其能量来源。气管的顶端是喉头，喉头的前端是喉结。喉头包括两对结构，声带和膨胀带。声带在膨胀带之下并与之平行，它们的前端连接于喉结之后，后端保持分离，所以可以移动到不同的位置：向里，向外，向前，向后，稍稍倾斜，向上和向下。从绝大多数发音的目的来看，声带只处于三种状态即可：分离，贴近，完全紧贴。喉头面向一个肌肉管道开放，这个管道就是咽，部分的咽可以通过镜子看到，咽的上部连接口腔和鼻腔。口里的部位对言语产生非常重要。从前端开始，口的上部包括上唇，上齿，齿龈，，硬腭，软腭，和小舌。口的底部包括下唇，下齿，舌和下颚等部分。在语音学里，舌被分为五个部分：舌尖，舌叶，舌前，舌后和舌根。（有些分发称舌的主要部分为舌体和舌背。）有些语言还包括另外一些语音，他们的产生不需要来自肺部的空气，这些语音包括挤喉音，内爆音和吸气音，这些语音常被标称非肺部气流音。以上是关于言语器官的内容，摘自于胡壮麟的《语言学教程》，以上与原书内容可能不符，是我对主要内容的总结。