英语成分问题?

An average of 2.8 billion textbooks were sold in China in the past five years, totaling about 20 billion yuan (about 3 billion US dollars), reported China's Xinhua Outlook Weekly citing the data recently released by China's National Press and Publication Administration.这边的reported后面不是应该加个by表被动态吗?求各位大佬帮忙分析下成分

此句子本是
To have the watering running throughout the night is my falut
it在句子中做形式主语
to have the watering running是主语
另外建议你看看IT的用法

"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.
例 It‘s kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It‘s no good/use doing…
It‘s (well)worth doing…
It‘s (well)worth one‘s while doing/to do…
It‘s (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It‘s no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1) It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It‘s surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It‘s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……
例 It‘s important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It‘s of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主语的句型
1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It‘s (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It‘s (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例 It‘s(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It‘s the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例 It‘s the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了
例 It‘s 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型:
1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you‘ll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+adj./noun (one‘s) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one‘s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I‘ll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)…
verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.

5. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做
take it for granted that …想当然
keep it in mind that…
例 Don‘t bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don‘t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can‘t.
7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(except that例外)
例 I‘m for it that you will follow their advice.
五、强调句型
It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity?
2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句
例 It was because he wa
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第1个回答  2020-11-23
To have the watering running throughout the night is my falut
it在句子中做形式主语
to have the watering running是主语
另外建议你看看IT的用法

"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.
例 It‘s kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It‘s no good/use doing…
It‘s (well)worth doing…
It‘s (well)worth one‘s while doing/to do…
It‘s (well)worth while doing/ to do
例 It‘s no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1) It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It‘s surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It‘s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……
例 It‘s important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It‘s of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze
/bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主语的句型
1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)
2. It‘s (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It‘s (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例 It‘s(about/high) time that we should take action.
4. It‘s the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例 It‘s the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了
例 It‘s 10 years that he lived here
第2个回答  2020-11-24
在语文学习中我们很少去分析汉语句子的成分与结构,这是因为汉语是我们的母语,我们不需要分析句子成分或结构也能理解句子的意思。另外,正如翻译学家所指出的那样,汉语句子的特点是重意合,也就是说汉语注重句子意思,而非句子结构,汉语句子是以意思来确定的。但英语作为我们的一门外语,对于有些句子我们如果不懂其成分或结构的话,可能会影响到句子意思的理解。而且英语句子重形合,也就是说比较重视句子的形态结构,所以在英语学习中,学会句子成分与结构的分析是很有必要的。

要学会分析英语句子成分,首先要懂得句子各种成分的含义与成分之间的关系。英语句子基本成分有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。

主语是动作行为的主体,谓语是主体的行为、动作或状态,也就是说主语是谓语的主语,谓语是主语的谓语,二者之间是相互的。例如:He (动作行为的主体)travelled (动作)in space for the first time.。宾语是主体行为动作的对象或内容,例如:She gave me(动作对象)a big surprise(动作内容) by kissing me on both my cheeks.

定语是对句中的主语或宾语,或其它的名词起到修饰或限定作用;状语对句子中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子起修饰作用,表明事物的状态或逻辑关系;补语对句中的宾语起补充说明作用。表语用来说明主语的性质或状态,汉语中没有表语,因为汉语中的名词和形容词是可以作谓语的,而在英语中是不可以的,英语中的名词和形容词只能跟在连系动词后作表语。

其次,英语句子成分与词类有关,词类(part of speech)也就是词的分类。词的分类有着不同的标准,一般认为英语有十大词类:动词,名词,形容词,副词,代词,数词,感叹词,连词和冠词。我们还可以对十大词类进一步细分为实词(词汇词)与虚词(语法词),虚词一般不能作为句子成分,或不能单独作为句子成分。词类与句子成分的关系如下:

句子结构其实就是一个语序的问题,也就是各种句子成分该谁先谁后的问题,比如主谓宾是一种语序(汉语和英语为这种语序),主宾谓(日语语序)也是一种语序。英语的基本语序有五种,也就是我们通常所说的五种基本句型:1、主+谓;2、主+谓+宾;3、主+谓+间宾+直宾;4、主+谓+宾+宾补;5、主+系+表。英语句子或长或短,变化多样。五种基本句型本回答被网友采纳
第3个回答  2020-11-24
这个主要还是使用的问题。主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,状语,定语。
考核形式为笔试,包含题型有:阅读判断、阅读
选择、概括段落大意及补全句子、填句补文、填
词补文、完形补文和短文写作。满分为100分,6
0分即为合格。需要学生拥有大约3500-4000词汇
量。
学位英语:
考核形式主要为笔试,包含的题型有:词汇和语
法结构、阅读理解、完型填空、翻译、应用文写
作。满分为100分。需要考生拥有大约4200词
汇。
快师小K总结一下:
英语(二)跟学位英语是不一样的,两者不可相
互替代,也不会相互影响。一般来说,考过了英
语(二),如果想申请学位证,那么是需要再考
学位英语的,除非学校有特殊的要求。至于英语
(二)申请免考的情况,考生只要符合免考英语
二的条件,并申请成功,是不影响申请学士学位
的。
大胆使用!才是硬道理!!
第4个回答  2020-11-18
这个地方应该不需要加介词,因为他是一个非谓语动词,用过去分词表被动而已

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