如题所述
.Parts of a Camera
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A camera consists of seven basic components: a viewfinder, a focusing mechanism, a shutter, an adjustable aperture, a lens, a body, and devices for controlling film alignment and advancement. In the example below we are using a Single Lens Reflex type camera to demonstrate the different components that make up a camera.
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...One uses the film advance lever to advance to the next frame on his or her roll of film. When this lever is pulled, film is pulled from the film case into the film take-up spool.
...When the shutter release button is pressed, after the film has been advanced, the shutter is opened allowing for light to strike the film.
...At the exact moment the shutter release button is pressed, the shutter remains open for a period of time. This period of time is determined by the shutter speed dial. Most cameras will have several different shutter speed settings. These are usually fractions of a second; ie. 1/60th sec. This fraction of time is what allows the light to strike the film.
...If one chooses to use a flash and their camera supports it, one may attach a flash to the accessory shoe usually located above the viewfinder.
...When one exposes their entire roll of film and they are ready to remove that exposed roll from their camera, they must first use the film rewind knob, to return all the exposed frames back into their casing. Some newer cameras automatically do this for you when you expose the last frame. If you forget to rewind your film, it will be ruined when you open the camera casing.
....Besides needing to know your cameras settings, you will always need to check the ISO/ISA indicator. International Standards Organization is an index for film speeds. This must be set to the recommended setting whenever film is being shot. If you forget to set this dial, your images will come out too dark or too light.
...If one wishes to be in the picture or have a delayed response to the firing of the camera, they may do so by using the self-timer button.
....All the internal mechanical and optical parts are all held together by a camera body.
...The film is stored behind the camera back in the film cavity. It is locked into place by sliding the film rewind shaft into the film casing.
...When the shutter release button is depressed, the shutter curtains move across and expose the film. Depending on the type of camera, you may have curtain shutters or spring leaf shutters.
...When you are preparing to take a picture and you have your subject or scene ready, you must look through the viewfinder to ensure everything is as you want it to appear.
...The film is guided and pulled in by the film sprockets.
...The film that is exposed is rolled by the film take-up spool.
...The film is enclosed with by a light-tight seal by the camera back. Always make sure your camera back is secured before shooting. If it is not you may get dark spots on your negatives.
...The film is kept flat by the pressure plate. Without the pressure plate your negative may be warped and exposed improperly.
...When you are looking through your viewfinder, one uses the focusing ring to bring the scene into focus.
...Almost all lenses have printed on them a depth-of-field scale. This provides you with information regarding focusing distances with certain f-stops.
...The aperture ring controls the diaphragm or size of the opening between your lens and film which passes light. This also stipulates the depth-of-field scale.
Most Common Camera Parts
Batteries
Boards
Cables & Wires
Controls, Displays & Viewfinders
Housing, Trim & Bezels
Lenses & Lens Caps
Lights & Flashes
Remote
Tripods
