我是一名高一的学生,我现在一直不理解英语过去时‘过去完成时‘现在完成时‘将来时‘(也就是was , have been , had 等等的~~~)的表达和提问方法~~~~谁能告诉我???谢谢‘~~!!!
时态
谓语动词按其表示的动作或状态出现的时间和式态分成十二类,统称<动词>的<时态>。
英语<动词>的式态分为简单式,<进行时>,<完成时>,<完成进行时>四种;每种式态再按时间分为现在时,过去时,将来时三种。
<过去完成时>的形式是had+过去分词。
<过去完成时>表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,这一过去的时间可由by,before引导的时间<副词短语>或<从句>或从上下文中表示出来。
I had finished typing before lunch.
我在午饭前已打完字。
<过去完成时>表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态,常和by或since引导的表示时间的<短语>或<从句>连用。
He had studied English for five years when he took the exam.
到考试时止,他已经学了五年英语。
<过去完成时>可表示过去未实现的希望或计划。
I had hoped to pass examination.
我曾希望能通过考试。
<现在完成时>表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作,状态;强调对现在情况的影响,联系,或表示经历,经验。
<现在完成时>的形式是<HAVE>或has+过去分词。
<现在完成时>是用过去发生,到现在已完成或刚完成的动作来说明现在的情况,或说明到目前为止共完成的动作。
I have opened the door.
我已打开门了。
<现在完成时>用在过去已完成而其结果对现在仍有影响的动作来说明经历,经验,或表示某种感情色彩。
Mr. Li speaks good English. He has learned English for 20 years.
李先生说一口好英语,他学了二十年英语了。
在时间<从句>和条件<从句>中用<现在完成时>表示将来完成的动作。
You may go swimming if you have done your homework before 9.
如果你在九点以前做完功课,你可以去游泳。
当<现在完成时>表示从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态,以说明经历,经验,与for或since引导的表示一段时间的<副词短语>连用时,谓语动词要用be,keep,learn,live,read,serve,stay,study,teach,watch,work,write等可表示持续的<动词>,不可使用arrive,become,begin,borrow,buy,come,close,die,end,enter,get,go,hear,graduate,join,leave,lend,lose,marry,open,put,reach,receive,return,see,shut,start,stop等表示终止的<动词>。
中文:他到这里三天了。
(误)He has arrived here for three days.
(正)He <has been> here for three days.
终止<动词>的否定式可与for或since引导的表示一段时间的<副词短语>或<状语从句>连用。
I haven't seen her for five years.
我五年没见到她了。
与ever,never,just,always等表示不确定的<时间副词>连用时,可用<现在完成时>也可用<一般过去时>。
Have you ever heard of such a man?
你听说过这样一个人吗?
Did you ever hear of such a man?
你听说过这样一个人吗?
<have been> to,<have gone> to的比较。
Have you been to Hong Kong?
你去过香港吗? (现在已不在香港。)
He <has gone> to Hong Kong.
他已去香港了。(他现在已不在本地。)
<一般将来时>表示将要发生的动作或出现的状态,由<SHALL>,<WILL>或<be going to>+原形动词构成。
<一般将来时>表示单纯将来发生的动作或出现的状态,常与from now on,tomorrow等表示将来的<时间副词>或<短语>连用。
Tom will be five years old in <a few> days.
汤姆过几天就五岁了。
<一般将来时>表示将来经常发生的动作。
He'll come to work here from now on.
从现在起他将在这里工作。
<一般将来时>表示将来的意志,不论主语的人称为何,一律用<WILL>。
I will buy you a bicycle for your birthday.
你过生日我要给你买一辆自行车。
<动词>,如go,come,leave,begin等可用<一般现在时>或<现在进行时>表示将来。
My aunt is coming to see me.
我姨妈要来看我。
<现在进行时>表示计划或安排好的动作。
<be about to>+原形动词表示最近将发生的动作,一般不带<时间副词>或<短语>。
The plane <is about to> take off.
飞机就要起飞了。
be to+原形动词,表示计划或安排好的动作。
We were to meet at the gate but I did not see him.
我们定好在大门口见,但我没看见他。
在条件和时间<状语从句>中用<一般现在时>表示将来。
He will not come if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨他就不来了。
在表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或出现的状态,用简单过去将来时,形式是should,would+原形动词。
She said she would attend the meeting.
她说她要参加会议。
将来完成进行时>表示从某时刻开始到将来某时刻前一直进行,并可能继续进行的动作。
<将来完成进行时>的形式是<SHALL>或<WILL>+<HAVE>+been+现在分词。
I will have been waiting for 3 hours when the train finally arrives.
火车到来时我将已经等候三个小时了。
谓语动词按其表示的动作或状态出现的时间和式态分成十二类,统称<动词>的<时态>。
英语<动词>的式态分为简单式,<进行时>,<完成时>,<完成进行时>四种;每种式态再按时间分为现在时,过去时,将来时三种。
<过去完成时>的形式是had+过去分词。
<过去完成时>表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态,这一过去的时间可由by,before引导的时间<副词短语>或<从句>或从上下文中表示出来。
I had finished typing before lunch.
我在午饭前已打完字。
<过去完成时>表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态,常和by或since引导的表示时间的<短语>或<从句>连用。
He had studied English for five years when he took the exam.
到考试时止,他已经学了五年英语。
<过去完成时>可表示过去未实现的希望或计划。
I had hoped to pass examination.
我曾希望能通过考试。
<现在完成时>表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作,状态;强调对现在情况的影响,联系,或表示经历,经验。
<现在完成时>的形式是<HAVE>或has+过去分词。
<现在完成时>是用过去发生,到现在已完成或刚完成的动作来说明现在的情况,或说明到目前为止共完成的动作。
I have opened the door.
我已打开门了。
<现在完成时>用在过去已完成而其结果对现在仍有影响的动作来说明经历,经验,或表示某种感情色彩。
Mr. Li speaks good English. He has learned English for 20 years.
李先生说一口好英语,他学了二十年英语了。
在时间<从句>和条件<从句>中用<现在完成时>表示将来完成的动作。
You may go swimming if you have done your homework before 9.
如果你在九点以前做完功课,你可以去游泳。
当<现在完成时>表示从过去某时持续到现在的动作或状态,以说明经历,经验,与for或since引导的表示一段时间的<副词短语>连用时,谓语动词要用be,keep,learn,live,read,serve,stay,study,teach,watch,work,write等可表示持续的<动词>,不可使用arrive,become,begin,borrow,buy,come,close,die,end,enter,get,go,hear,graduate,join,leave,lend,lose,marry,open,put,reach,receive,return,see,shut,start,stop等表示终止的<动词>。
中文:他到这里三天了。
(误)He has arrived here for three days.
(正)He <has been> here for three days.
终止<动词>的否定式可与for或since引导的表示一段时间的<副词短语>或<状语从句>连用。
I haven't seen her for five years.
我五年没见到她了。
与ever,never,just,always等表示不确定的<时间副词>连用时,可用<现在完成时>也可用<一般过去时>。
Have you ever heard of such a man?
你听说过这样一个人吗?
Did you ever hear of such a man?
你听说过这样一个人吗?
<have been> to,<have gone> to的比较。
Have you been to Hong Kong?
你去过香港吗? (现在已不在香港。)
He <has gone> to Hong Kong.
他已去香港了。(他现在已不在本地。)
<一般将来时>表示将要发生的动作或出现的状态,由<SHALL>,<WILL>或<be going to>+原形动词构成。
<一般将来时>表示单纯将来发生的动作或出现的状态,常与from now on,tomorrow等表示将来的<时间副词>或<短语>连用。
Tom will be five years old in <a few> days.
汤姆过几天就五岁了。
<一般将来时>表示将来经常发生的动作。
He'll come to work here from now on.
从现在起他将在这里工作。
<一般将来时>表示将来的意志,不论主语的人称为何,一律用<WILL>。
I will buy you a bicycle for your birthday.
你过生日我要给你买一辆自行车。
<动词>,如go,come,leave,begin等可用<一般现在时>或<现在进行时>表示将来。
My aunt is coming to see me.
我姨妈要来看我。
<现在进行时>表示计划或安排好的动作。
<be about to>+原形动词表示最近将发生的动作,一般不带<时间副词>或<短语>。
The plane <is about to> take off.
飞机就要起飞了。
be to+原形动词,表示计划或安排好的动作。
We were to meet at the gate but I did not see him.
我们定好在大门口见,但我没看见他。
在条件和时间<状语从句>中用<一般现在时>表示将来。
He will not come if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨他就不来了。
在表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或出现的状态,用简单过去将来时,形式是should,would+原形动词。
She said she would attend the meeting.
她说她要参加会议。
将来完成进行时>表示从某时刻开始到将来某时刻前一直进行,并可能继续进行的动作。
<将来完成进行时>的形式是<SHALL>或<WILL>+<HAVE>+been+现在分词。
I will have been waiting for 3 hours when the train finally arrives.
火车到来时我将已经等候三个小时了。
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第1个回答 2006-02-26
一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
比较:
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
比较:
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例:
I saw this film yesterday.
(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film.
(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
第2个回答 2006-02-26
Have you eaten?
yes, I have.
have+主语+过去分词
yes, I have.
have+主语+过去分词
第3个回答 2019-03-03
句型:it
cost
sb.
some
time/money
to
do
sth.
sb.此处做cost的宾语,要用宾格,所以应当用i的宾格,me
cost
sb.
some
time/money
to
do
sth.
sb.此处做cost的宾语,要用宾格,所以应当用i的宾格,me