把下边的文字翻译成英文,不求很精准,使自己翻译的就行。请不要用翻译软件帮我整个翻。希望英语好的各位帮我翻一下 分数还可以再追加 先谢谢了 !!!
21 世纪教师应该是什么角色?21世纪社会信息化和知识经济的发展,对我们的教育提出了强烈的变革要求,传统的维持性学习方式正在向创新性学习转变,这就要求我们的教师必须从传统的局限于课堂40分钟传受角色向教育过程的指导者、组织者、参与者、的角色转变,教师要有更大的适应性和灵活性来面对他们的工作。社会发展到今天,科学技术飞速发展,社会急剧变革,计算机及信息技术也广泛的应用到教学中来,师生之间已经不完全是单纯的传递和接受关系了,学生可以从其他渠道获取知识,有时候甚至在某些方面比教师知道的还多,教师的权威地位受到了威胁,教师和学生的关系不那么单一了,教师的角色也多元化了。具备多元化的知识结构、一专多能的能力和优良的人格,是教师作为指导者的先决条件。教师具有丰富的知识和多种能力,不光能让学生敬佩,对学生装有感染力,而且,这也是学生生动活泼、充满启发性和创造性的必要条件。在现代社会,教师作为文化传承的执行者的基本职能并没有变,但他却不再象遗忘那样直接以权威的身份向学生传递经验,而是通过间接的方式实现文化传递,他以各种方式调动和引导学生参与学习活动,引导学生在自己精心设计的环境中进行探索,教师不再是单纯的传递者,而有可能同时作为学生的同伴、活动的组织者、学生学习过程的支持者和帮助者等等,教师的角色越来越向多重化方向发展。现代教师的角色主要有:
1、设计者。
教师要根据教学目标和学生的特点,选择教材和教具,设计教学过程,设计学生和材料之间的相互作用。作为设计者,教师要考虑三个问题:教学目标是什么?选择什么样的教学目标和教学策略来实现这一目标?选择什么样的测验手段来检验教学效果?
2.指导者。
指导者有两种,一种是教师按照自己的活动方案主动向学生提供一些信息,这一过程类似于传统教学中教师的职能;另一种是学生在对一定的问题情境进行探索的时候可能会碰到一些问题,出现信息缺乏的情况,这时候学生主动向教师寻求信息,在这一过程中,学生更为主动。
3.促进者。
教师要通过激发学生动机、为学生提供支架,提供必要的辅导、支持和示范等等方式来促进学生的学习,使学生学习更深入。随着学生学习能力的提高,教师的支持逐渐减少。
4.组织者和管理者。
教师要进行教学环境的控制和管理,组织课堂教学,处理教学过程中的偶发事件。
5.伙伴。
教师要与学生建立有好融洽的关系,了解学生的需要、学习特点、兴趣、个性爱好等,以保证做到因材施教;另外,在教学过程中,教师也可以以平等的身份与学生进行讨论和合作,共同解决问题。
6.反思者和研究者。
1, designer. the teacher wants to act according to the teaching goal and student's characteristic, chooses the teaching material and the teaching aid, the design teaching process, designs between the student and the material interaction. As the designer, the teacher wants to consider three questions: What is the teaching goal? What teaching goal chooses and the teaching strategy achieves this goal? What examination method chooses to examine the teaching effect?
2. shepherd. the shepherd has two kinds, one kind is the teacher studies on own initiative according to own active plan lives supplies some information, this process is similar in the traditional teaching teacher's function; Another kind is a student, in carries on the exploration to certain question situation time possibly will bump into some questions, will have the information deficient situation, at this time the student will seek the information on own initiative to the teacher, in this process, the student will be more initiative.
3. promoter. the teacher must through stimulate the student motive, provide the support for the student, provides essential counselling, support and demonstration and so on ways promotes student's study, causes the student to study is more thorough. Along with the student learning capability's enhancement, teacher's support reduces gradually.
4. organizer and superintendent. the teacher must carry on the teaching environment the control and the management, the organization classroom instruction, in the processing teaching process chance occurrence.
5. partner. the teacher must establish with the student has the good harmonious relations, understood that student's need, the study characteristic, the interest, the individuality hobby and so on, guaranteed does teaches students in accordance with their aptitude; Moreover, in the teaching process, the teacher may also carries on the discussion and the cooperation by the equal status and the student, solves the problem together.
6. resonsideration and researcher.
What role should the 21st century teacher be? The 21st century society informationization and knowledge economy's development, proposed to our education the intense transformation request, the traditional maintenance study way is transforming to the innovative study, this requests us the teacher to from the traditional limitation in the classroom 40 minutes biographies the role to the education process shepherd, the organizer, the participant, the role transformation, the teacher must have a bigger compatibility and the flexibility comes facing theirs work. Social development today, the science and technology swift development, the society transforms suddenly, the computer and in the information technology also widespread application teaching, between the teachers and students already not completely was the pure transmission and accepts has related, sometimes the student may from other channel knowledge acquisition, even know in certain aspects compared to the teacher also many, teacher's authoritative status has been threaten, the teacher and student's relations has been not so unitary, teacher's role also multiplied. Has ability which and fine personality the multiplex knowledge structure, masters many skills while specializing in one, is the teacher takes shepherd's precondition. The teacher has the rich knowledge and many kinds of abilities, not can only let the student admire, is loaded with the power to the student, moreover, this is also the student spirited, fills the instructive and the creative essential condition. In the modern society, the teacher has not changed as the cultural inheritance's performer's basic function, but he actually no longer likely forgets such to transmit the experience directly by authority's status to the student, but realizes the cultural transmission through the indirect way, he transfers and guides the student to participate in the learning activity by each way, guides the student to carry on the exploration in oneself careful design environment, the teacher no longer is the pure transmission, but has at the same time the possibility to take the student the companion, the active organizer, student learning process supporter and assistor and so on, teacher's roles more and more develop to the multi-densified direction. The modern teacher's role mainly has:
1st, designer.
The teacher wants to act according to the teaching goal and student's characteristic, chooses the teaching material and the teaching aid, the design teaching process, designs between the student and the material interaction. As the designer, the teacher wants to consider three questions: What is the teaching goal? What teaching goal chooses and the teaching strategy achieves this goal? What examination method chooses to examine the teaching effect?
2. shepherd.
The shepherd has two kinds, one kind is the teacher studies on own initiative according to own active plan lives supplies some information, this process is similar in the traditional teaching teacher's function; Another kind is a student, in carries on the exploration to certain question situation time possibly will bump into some questions, will have the information deficient situation, at this time the student will seek the information on own initiative to the teacher, in this process, the student will be more initiative.
3. promoter.
The teacher must through stimulate the student motive, provide the support for the student, provides essential counselling, support and demonstration and so on ways promotes student's study, causes the student to study is more thorough. Along with the student learning capability's enhancement, teacher's support reduces gradually.
4. organizer and superintendent.
The teacher must carry on the teaching environment the control and the management, the organization classroom instruction, in the processing teaching process chance occurrence.
5. partner.
The teacher must establish with the student has the good harmonious relations, understood that student's need, the study characteristic, the interest, the individuality hobby and so on, guaranteed does teaches students in accordance with their aptitude; Moreover, in the teaching process, the teacher may also carries on the discussion and the cooperation by the equal status and the student, solves the problem together.
6. resonsideration and researcher.
1, the designer.
Teaching teachers according to the objectives and characteristics of the students choose teaching materials and teaching aids, teaching design process, design students and the interaction between materials. As designers, teachers should consider three questions: What is the goal of teaching? Choose what kind of teaching objectives and teaching strategies to achieve this goal? Choose what kind of means test to test teaching effect?
2. Mentors.
There are two guide, a teacher in accordance with its own programme of activities to the students take the initiative to provide some information, a process similar to the traditional teaching teachers in the functions of the other students is a problem in certain situations may be time to explore will encounter some problems, the lack of information emerging, and this time the students take the initiative to seek information to teachers, in the process, more students take the initiative.
3. Facilitator.
Teachers should inspire students through motivation, provides students with support, to provide the necessary guidance, support and demonstration, and so on ways to promote student learning, to help students learn more in-depth. With the improvement of students, teachers support gradually reduced.
4. Organizers and managers.
Teaching teachers to conduct environmental control and management, organizational classroom teaching, teaching in the process of dealing with unforeseen events.
5. Partners.
Teachers and students to establish a good and harmonious relations, understanding the needs of students, learning characteristics, interests, personality-loving, and to ensure that our abilities; In addition, in the process of teaching, teachers can also equal status with the students to discuss and co-operation to solve the problem.
6. Reflection and researchers.
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1, the designer.
Teaching teachers according to the objectives and characteristics of the students choose teaching materials and teaching aids, teaching design process, design students and the interaction between materials. As designers, teachers should consider three questions: What is the goal of teaching? Choose what kind of teaching objectives and teaching strategies to achieve this goal? Choose what kind of means test to test teaching effect?
2. Mentors.
There are two guide, a teacher in accordance with its own programme of activities to the students take the initiative to provide some information, a process similar to the traditional teaching teachers in the functions of the other students is a problem in certain situations may be time to explore will encounter some problems, the lack of information emerging, and this time the students take the initiative to seek information to teachers, in the process, more students take the initiative.
3. Facilitator.
Teachers should inspire students through motivation, provides students with support, to provide the necessary guidance, support and demonstration, and so on ways to promote student learning, to help students learn more in-depth. With the improvement of students, teachers support gradually reduced.
4. Organizers and managers.
Teaching teachers to conduct environmental control and management, organizational classroom teaching, teaching in the process of dealing with unforeseen events.
5. Partners.
Teachers and students to establish a good and harmonious relations, understanding the needs of students, learning characteristics, interests, personality-loving, and to ensure that our abilities; In addition, in the process of teaching, teachers can also equal status with the students to discuss and co-operation to solve the problem.
6. Reflection and researchers.