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1. 表示åºæï¼æ为âå¨â¦â¦æè¾¹ââå¨â¦â¦è¿æââå¨â¦â¦æè¾¹âï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®ä¸ä»è¯nearææä¸åï¼å³by 表示çè·ç¦»æ´âè¿âãæ¯è¾ï¼ ãã
He lives by the sea. ä»ä½å¨æµ·æ»¨ããã
He lives near the sea. ä»ä½å¨ç¦»æµ·ä¸è¿å¤ããã
2. 表示å¨è¯æ§è¡è ï¼ä¸»è¦ç¨äºè¢«å¨è¯æï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®ä¸ä»è¯withçåºå«ï¼by 表示å¨ä½ç主ä½ï¼with 表示å¨ä½è çææ®µå·¥å ·ãå¦ï¼ãã
The house was destroyed by fire. æ¤å±è¢«å¤§ç«ç§æ¯ãï¼fireæ¯å¨ä½ç主ä½ï¼æ¤å¥ç主å¨å½¢å¼ä¸ºFire destroyed the house.ï¼ãã
The house was destroyed with fire. æ¤å±æ¯ï¼è¢«äººï¼ç¨ç«ç§æ¯çãï¼fireåªæ¯å·¥å ·ï¼å¨ä½ç主ä½å¦æå ¶äººï¼æ¤å¥å¯è®¤ä¸ºçç¥äºä¸ä¸ªbyçè¯ï¼å¦by someoneä¹ç±»çï¼å ¶ä¸»å¨å½¢å¼å¯ä»¥æ¯ Someone destroyed the house with fire.ï¼ãã
3. 表示æ段ææ¹å¼çï¼æ³¨æ以ä¸ç¨æ³ï¼ãã
(1) 表示âä¹ââåâæ¶ï¼å ¶åæ¥äº¤éå·¥å ·ï¼å¦ bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, shipçï¼æä¸äº¤éå·¥å ·å¯åç¸å ³çåè¯ï¼å¦air, water, land, roadçï¼ï¼å¨å¥ä¸ä¸»è¦ç¨ä½æ¹å¼ç¶è¯ï¼å ¶ä¸é常ä¸ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
They came here by the first bus. ä»ä»¬æ¯å第ä¸ç车æ¥çããã
ä½æ¯ï¼è¥è¡¨ç¤ºäº¤éå·¥å ·çåè¯åææå®è¯ä¿®é¥°è¯ï¼åä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
Weâre going by the 9:30 train. æ们å9:30çç«è½¦å»ããã
We went to Shanghai by a large ship. æ们ä¹ä¸è大è¹å»ä¸æµ·ããã
注æï¼æ±è¯è¯´âæ¥è¡âï¼è±è¯ä¹ æ¯ä¸ç¨on foot, èä¸ç¨ by footããã
(2) 注æ以ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºæ¹å¼çæç¨è¡¨è¾¾ï¼å ¶ä¸ä¸ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ï¼ãã
by phone ç¨çµè¯ by telegram ç¨çµæ¥ãã
by letter ç¨ä¿¡ä»¶ by express ç¨å¿«ä»¶ãã
by air mail ç¨èªç©ºé®ä»¶ by ordinary mail ç¨å¹³ä¿¡ãã
by post ç¨é®å¯ by radio ç¨æ çº¿çµ ãã
by hand ç¨æå·¥ by machine ç¨æºå¨
注æä¸é¢ä¸¤ä¾ç¨byä¸ç¨withçåºå«ï¼ãã
The letter was written by hand. è¿å°ä¿¡æ¯ç¨æåçï¼å³ä¸æ¯æå°çï¼ãï¼by hand表示ä¸ç§æ½è±¡çæ段ï¼æ¯æ å½¢çï¼æ³¨æå ¶ä¸æ²¡ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ï¼ãã
I write with my hand, but he writes with his mouth. æç¨æååï¼ä½ä»å´ç¨å´ååãï¼with oneâs hand表示ä¸ç§å ·ä½çå·¥å ·ï¼æ¯æå½¢çï¼æ³¨æå ¶ä¸ç¨äºç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ï¼ãã
(3) åæ¥å¨åè¯è¡¨ç¤ºè¡ä¸ºçæ¹å¼ææ段ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ç§å¸¸ç¨è¡¨è¾¾ãå¦ï¼ãã
He makes a living by teaching. ä»ä»¥æ书为çããã
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. éè¿æé¨è¦æé¥åå左转两åããã
4. 表示æææ¡çé¨ä½ï¼æ³¨æ以ä¸ç¨æ³ãå¦ï¼ãã
(1) 表示æä½ææ¡ä½æ人ææç©çæä¸é¨ä½, å ¶ä¸è¿ä¸ªäººæç©åºæ¯åé¢å·²æå°è¿çï¼ä¸å¨ä»è¯ by ä¹åé常ç¨å®å è¯ the èä¸ç¨ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
She held the child by the hand. 她æä½å°å©çæããã
He grabbed the knife by the blade. ä»æä½ååããã
He led the ox by the nose. ä»çµçççé¼»åèµ°ããã
(2) ææ¶ä¹å¯ä»¥ç´æ¥ç¨äººçé¨ä½ä½âæâæâæ¡âç宾è¯, ä½å¼ºè°éç¹ä¸åï¼è¥ä»¥äººä½å®¾è¯ï¼åæ¥ byçè¯ï¼å¼ºè°å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºäººï¼byçè¯åªæ¯è¯´æå¨ä½çæ¹å¼ï¼è¥ä»¥äººçé¨ä½ä½å®¾è¯ï¼å强è°å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºé¨ä½èä¸å¨äºäººãæ¯å¦ï¼å½æ们æä½å人æ¶ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥è¯´ I seized the man by the hand. å 为è¿æ¶å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºæ人ï¼åªæ¯ä»¥by the hand ä½ä¸ºæçæ¹å¼ãä½æ¯å½æ们è¦å客人æ¡ææ¶ï¼åé常说I seized his hand and shook it heartily. å 为è¿éå¨ä½ç´æ¥ç®çæ¯è¦æ¡æï¼èä¸æ¯æ人ï¼æ¤æ¶è¥è¯´ I seized him and shook his hand. å°±å¾å¥æªäºãï¼é¡ºä¾¿è¯´ä¸å¥ï¼ä¸æ人æ¡æç¨shake hands with, shake oneâs hand, shake sb by the hand åå¯ï¼
5. 表示æ¶é´ï¼æâæè¿å¨â¦â¦ä¹åââå°â¦â¦çæ¶åå·²ç»âï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®æè¿ç¨çæ¶æãå¦ï¼ãã
He was very tired by the evening. ä»å°æä¸å·²ç»å¾ç´¯äºããã
He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. ç°å¨è¿æ¬ä¹¦ä»å·²è¯»äºå¤§çº¦40页ããã
We will have finished the work by next month. å°ä¸ä¸ªææ们就ä¼å¹²å®äºè¿å·¥ä½ããã
By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. å¨å»çå°è¾¾æ¶ï¼ç 人已ç»æ»äºããã
å¦å¤ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ¶é´æ¶ï¼å®è¿å¯è¡¨ç¤ºâå¨â¦â¦æé´âï¼é常è¿ç¨çåè¯æ¯ day, night, moonlight, daylightçï¼æ³¨æåè¯åé常ä¸ç¨å è¯ãå¦(www.yygrammar.com)ï¼ãã
Cats sleep by day and hunt by night. ç«ç½å¤©ç¡è§ï¼å¤éæèé¼ ããã
Do you like to swim by moonlight? ä½ å欢å¨æå ä¸æ¸¸æ³³åï¼ãã
6. 表示åä½ï¼æ为â以â¦â¦è®¡âï¼å ¶åé常æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè®¡éåä½çåæ°åè¯ï¼ä¸åè¯åè¦ç¨å®å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
They are paid by the hour (by the month). ä»ä»¬æå¾æ¥é ¬æå°æ¶ï¼æï¼è®¡ããã
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. ç奶æåè±åï¼é»æ²¹è®ºç£ åï¼è类论æåããã
ææ¶ä¹æ¥æ½è±¡åè¯ï¼æ¤æ¶é常ä¸ç¨å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
Bananas are usually sold by weight. é¦èé常æééåã
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1. 表示åºæï¼æ为âå¨â¦â¦æè¾¹ââå¨â¦â¦è¿æââå¨â¦â¦æè¾¹âï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®ä¸ä»è¯nearææä¸åï¼å³by 表示çè·ç¦»æ´âè¿âãæ¯è¾ï¼ ãã
He lives by the sea. ä»ä½å¨æµ·æ»¨ããã
He lives near the sea. ä»ä½å¨ç¦»æµ·ä¸è¿å¤ããã
2. 表示å¨è¯æ§è¡è ï¼ä¸»è¦ç¨äºè¢«å¨è¯æï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®ä¸ä»è¯withçåºå«ï¼by 表示å¨ä½ç主ä½ï¼with 表示å¨ä½è çææ®µå·¥å ·ãå¦ï¼ãã
The house was destroyed by fire. æ¤å±è¢«å¤§ç«ç§æ¯ãï¼fireæ¯å¨ä½ç主ä½ï¼æ¤å¥ç主å¨å½¢å¼ä¸ºFire destroyed the house.ï¼ãã
The house was destroyed with fire. æ¤å±æ¯ï¼è¢«äººï¼ç¨ç«ç§æ¯çãï¼fireåªæ¯å·¥å ·ï¼å¨ä½ç主ä½å¦æå ¶äººï¼æ¤å¥å¯è®¤ä¸ºçç¥äºä¸ä¸ªbyçè¯ï¼å¦by someoneä¹ç±»çï¼å ¶ä¸»å¨å½¢å¼å¯ä»¥æ¯ Someone destroyed the house with fire.ï¼ãã
3. 表示æ段ææ¹å¼çï¼æ³¨æ以ä¸ç¨æ³ï¼ãã
(1) 表示âä¹ââåâæ¶ï¼å ¶åæ¥äº¤éå·¥å ·ï¼å¦ bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, shipçï¼æä¸äº¤éå·¥å ·å¯åç¸å ³çåè¯ï¼å¦air, water, land, roadçï¼ï¼å¨å¥ä¸ä¸»è¦ç¨ä½æ¹å¼ç¶è¯ï¼å ¶ä¸é常ä¸ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
They came here by the first bus. ä»ä»¬æ¯å第ä¸ç车æ¥çããã
ä½æ¯ï¼è¥è¡¨ç¤ºäº¤éå·¥å ·çåè¯åææå®è¯ä¿®é¥°è¯ï¼åä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
Weâre going by the 9:30 train. æ们å9:30çç«è½¦å»ããã
We went to Shanghai by a large ship. æ们ä¹ä¸è大è¹å»ä¸æµ·ããã
注æï¼æ±è¯è¯´âæ¥è¡âï¼è±è¯ä¹ æ¯ä¸ç¨on foot, èä¸ç¨ by footããã
(2) 注æ以ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºæ¹å¼çæç¨è¡¨è¾¾ï¼å ¶ä¸ä¸ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ï¼ãã
by phone ç¨çµè¯ by telegram ç¨çµæ¥ãã
by letter ç¨ä¿¡ä»¶ by express ç¨å¿«ä»¶ãã
by air mail ç¨èªç©ºé®ä»¶ by ordinary mail ç¨å¹³ä¿¡ãã
by post ç¨é®å¯ by radio ç¨æ çº¿çµ ãã
by hand ç¨æå·¥ by machine ç¨æºå¨
注æä¸é¢ä¸¤ä¾ç¨byä¸ç¨withçåºå«ï¼ãã
The letter was written by hand. è¿å°ä¿¡æ¯ç¨æåçï¼å³ä¸æ¯æå°çï¼ãï¼by hand表示ä¸ç§æ½è±¡çæ段ï¼æ¯æ å½¢çï¼æ³¨æå ¶ä¸æ²¡ç¨å è¯æå ¶ä»éå®è¯ï¼ãã
I write with my hand, but he writes with his mouth. æç¨æååï¼ä½ä»å´ç¨å´ååãï¼with oneâs hand表示ä¸ç§å ·ä½çå·¥å ·ï¼æ¯æå½¢çï¼æ³¨æå ¶ä¸ç¨äºç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ï¼ãã
(3) åæ¥å¨åè¯è¡¨ç¤ºè¡ä¸ºçæ¹å¼ææ段ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ç§å¸¸ç¨è¡¨è¾¾ãå¦ï¼ãã
He makes a living by teaching. ä»ä»¥æ书为çããã
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left. éè¿æé¨è¦æé¥åå左转两åããã
4. 表示æææ¡çé¨ä½ï¼æ³¨æ以ä¸ç¨æ³ãå¦ï¼ãã
(1) 表示æä½ææ¡ä½æ人ææç©çæä¸é¨ä½, å ¶ä¸è¿ä¸ªäººæç©åºæ¯åé¢å·²æå°è¿çï¼ä¸å¨ä»è¯ by ä¹åé常ç¨å®å è¯ the èä¸ç¨ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
She held the child by the hand. 她æä½å°å©çæããã
He grabbed the knife by the blade. ä»æä½ååããã
He led the ox by the nose. ä»çµçççé¼»åèµ°ããã
(2) ææ¶ä¹å¯ä»¥ç´æ¥ç¨äººçé¨ä½ä½âæâæâæ¡âç宾è¯, ä½å¼ºè°éç¹ä¸åï¼è¥ä»¥äººä½å®¾è¯ï¼åæ¥ byçè¯ï¼å¼ºè°å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºäººï¼byçè¯åªæ¯è¯´æå¨ä½çæ¹å¼ï¼è¥ä»¥äººçé¨ä½ä½å®¾è¯ï¼å强è°å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºé¨ä½èä¸å¨äºäººãæ¯å¦ï¼å½æ们æä½å人æ¶ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥è¯´ I seized the man by the hand. å 为è¿æ¶å¨ä½çç´æ¥ç®çå¨äºæ人ï¼åªæ¯ä»¥by the hand ä½ä¸ºæçæ¹å¼ãä½æ¯å½æ们è¦å客人æ¡ææ¶ï¼åé常说I seized his hand and shook it heartily. å 为è¿éå¨ä½ç´æ¥ç®çæ¯è¦æ¡æï¼èä¸æ¯æ人ï¼æ¤æ¶è¥è¯´ I seized him and shook his hand. å°±å¾å¥æªäºãï¼é¡ºä¾¿è¯´ä¸å¥ï¼ä¸æ人æ¡æç¨shake hands with, shake oneâs hand, shake sb by the hand åå¯ï¼
5. 表示æ¶é´ï¼æâæè¿å¨â¦â¦ä¹åââå°â¦â¦çæ¶åå·²ç»âï¼æ¤æ¶è¦æ³¨æå®æè¿ç¨çæ¶æãå¦ï¼ãã
He was very tired by the evening. ä»å°æä¸å·²ç»å¾ç´¯äºããã
He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. ç°å¨è¿æ¬ä¹¦ä»å·²è¯»äºå¤§çº¦40页ããã
We will have finished the work by next month. å°ä¸ä¸ªææ们就ä¼å¹²å®äºè¿å·¥ä½ããã
By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. å¨å»çå°è¾¾æ¶ï¼ç 人已ç»æ»äºããã
å¦å¤ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºæ¶é´æ¶ï¼å®è¿å¯è¡¨ç¤ºâå¨â¦â¦æé´âï¼é常è¿ç¨çåè¯æ¯ day, night, moonlight, daylightçï¼æ³¨æåè¯åé常ä¸ç¨å è¯ãå¦(www.yygrammar.com)ï¼ãã
Cats sleep by day and hunt by night. ç«ç½å¤©ç¡è§ï¼å¤éæèé¼ ããã
Do you like to swim by moonlight? ä½ å欢å¨æå ä¸æ¸¸æ³³åï¼ãã
6. 表示åä½ï¼æ为â以â¦â¦è®¡âï¼å ¶åé常æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè®¡éåä½çåæ°åè¯ï¼ä¸åè¯åè¦ç¨å®å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
They are paid by the hour (by the month). ä»ä»¬æå¾æ¥é ¬æå°æ¶ï¼æï¼è®¡ããã
Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. ç奶æåè±åï¼é»æ²¹è®ºç£ åï¼è类论æåããã
ææ¶ä¹æ¥æ½è±¡åè¯ï¼æ¤æ¶é常ä¸ç¨å è¯ãå¦ï¼ãã
Bananas are usually sold by weight. é¦èé常æééåã
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