如题所述
复合名词,英语为compound nouns,是指两个名词直接连在一起构成的复合词,用法简洁,可以被看作一种固定形式。有些中间带连字符,有些没有。
复合名词构成的方法有多种。以下所涉及的复合名词是有“动词+副词”(短语动词的一种)的若干变化形式而构成的。方法颇为有趣,且所构成的复合名词与短语动词的意义多有相近。例如短语动词break out (指战争、疾病等突然发生,爆发),可构成复合名词 breakout (爆发、突围)和 outbreak (瘟疫等突然蔓延)。
扩展资料:
复合名词复数变化主要有以下情况:
1.以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式:
如:homework, newspaper等。
2.以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数:
如:woman doctor→women doctors, man waiter→men waiters等。
3. 以两个名词构成的复合名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数:
如:boy friend→boy friends, paper bag→paper bags等。
4. 以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时,把前面名词变复数:
如:father-in-law→fathers-in-law等。
5. 以“动词 /过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加s:
如:grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys等。
参考资料来源:百度百科-复合名词
外教词汇课:复合名词是什么东西?如何找复合名词的重音?@多尼英语课堂
复合名词就是名词+名词,通常第二个名词说明物品的种类范围,第一个名词说明该范围内的具体形式或状态。第一个名词通常是单数形式
例:an address book,第二个名词先明确物品种类,是一本书,第一个名词说明是什么样的书,不能反过来说an addresses book
但是也有一些例外,如:
a) 当第一个名词仅有复数形式,例如:
a savings account, a customs officer, a clothes shop(与a shoe shop比较, the arms trade, a glasses case(此处glasses译为眼镜,当译为玻璃时用单数a glass case),an arts festival(此处arts是指音乐、戏剧、电影、舞蹈、绘画等,当译为画画、雕塑则用单数an art festival)
b) 行业、机构用复数,例如:
the building materials industry, the publications department
除特列,通常复合名词的复数形式都是在第二个名词用复数
例如:coal mines, office-workers, tea leaves
某些时候名词+名词不适用,这个时候会用名词+-'s+名词(所有格形式)或名词+介词+名词。以下情形中用名词+-'s+名词
a)当第一个名词是第二个名词的使用者时
例:a baby's bedroom, a lion's den, a women's clinic, a girl's school, bird's nests
b)当第二个名词是第一个名词的产出物时
例:goat's cheese, duck's eggs, cow's milk (但是没有lamb chops, chicken drumsticks)
c) 讲人或动物的某部位时,但是某物的某部分用名词+名词
例:a woman's face, a boy's arm, a pen top, a computer keyboard
以下情况通常用名词+介词+名词
a) 盛有东西的容器
例:a cup of tea(盛有茶的杯子),a tea cup(用来喝茶的杯子)
b) 非常见事物
例:income tax(大家都熟知的税收),a tax on children's clothes (很冷门,比a children's clothes tax更合适)
某些复合名词由动词、介词或副词组成,或者由2个或3个动词构成,例如:
Mansen broke out(动词) of the prison by dressing as a woman.
There was a major break-out(动词构成的名词) from the prison last night.
这种类型的可数复合名词在单词末尾-s
例:read-outs, push-ups, intakes, outcomes
也有例外,如:
lookers-on, runners-up, passes-by, hangers-on
由两个或更多的词合成一个词的现象,叫复合词,又称合成词(词与词之间可以有连字符);其中以复合名词最多,其次是复合形容词,复合动词、介词、副词、数词等也不少.
B.复合名词网页—
a.名词+名词:bookshop /store /seller / mark,sunlight /shine /glasses,French /Englishman,policeman /woman,volley /basket /base / football,penfriend,grandfather /mother /son / daughter /parent(s)/children,schoolboy /girl/ bag /yard,headache /master /teacher,moon- cake /light,team /house /homework,workbook /place /shop,newspaper,motorbike /car,birthday,bed /class /bathroom,handbag,gate- keeper /man,pencil-box,day /lunchtime,lifeboat /time,postcard /man /office,seafood,weekday /end,class /work /mate,northeast / west,railway,southeast /west,textbook,teapot,shellfish,earthquake,cup /keyboard,doorbell,fireplace,farmland,hometown,salesgirl,necklace,wardrobe,spaceship,etc.
b.形容词+名词:loudspeaker,goodbye,midnight /day,blackboard,Mid-autumn,software,mainland...
c.动名词+名词:sitting /waiting-room...
d.动词+名词:playground /house,watchtower,chopsticks,washroom,checkout,breakfast...
e.名词+动名词:handwriting,homecooking,thanksgiving,roller-skating...
f.动词+副词:get-together
g.其它:afternoon,today,tonight(n.& adv.),ping-pong,T-shirt,E-mail,
self-respect,two-storey,yo-yo...
C.复合形容词网页
a.形容词+名词+(e)d:kind-hearted,glass-topped
b.形容词+现在分词:good-looking
c.副词+现在分词:hard-working
d.名词+现在分词:English-speaking
e.名词+过去分词:man-made
f.副词+过去分词:well-known
g.形容词+名词:mideast,round-trip
h.其它:up /downstairs(adj.&adv.),everyday,take-away,outdoor,one-way,part- time ,two-month /day /year /metre(-old /long etc.)secondhand,mouth-to-mouth,so-so,on- line,so-called...
D.其它复合词网页
maybe,forever,everything /body /one/ where,nothing /body /where,something / body /one /where,anything /body /one/ where,myself,ourselves,when /how/who/ what /whichever,wherever,without,into,in/ outside,sometime(s),thirty-eight,forty-fifth,water-ski,download,half-way,nearby,etc.
II.缩写词
A.缩写词概念B.长单词变短单词网页C.一个首字母即代表一个单词网页
A.缩写词概念—
由一个长单词或二个以上的单词缩为一个短单词(更可简到只剩廖廖几个骨架字母),叫缩写词又名缩略词.
B.长单词变短单词网页—
a.截头:telephone—phone,bicycle—cycle,aeroplane—plane,etc.追问
谢谢姐姐 你知道但辐射同形是什么意思吗?
单复数同形
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