马克·吐温是哪个国家的？

马克吐温，M.（1835～1910）美国作家。塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯的笔名。自幼生长在密西西比河上的小镇汉尼拔。青少年时期曾在家乡和美国中西部及东部当过排字工人，在密西西比河上当过舵手，还一度在南北战争中参加过南军，又去内华达和加利福尼亚经营矿业，后来从事新闻工作。1865年因幽默故事《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》一举成名，成为闻名全国的幽默大师。 马克·吐温的杰作多半取材于童年生活，尤其是他在密西西比河上的生活。马克· 吐温这个笔名取自水手的行话，意思是“12英尺深”，指水的深度足以使航船通行无阻。他在1875年为《大西洋月刊》写的《密西西比河上》（1883年出版）就以早年的舵手生活为题材。长篇小说《汤姆·索耶历险记》（1876）及《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》（1384）也以密西西比河及河边小镇为背景。《艰难岁月》（1871）则反映他在西部新开发地区的生活经历。 马克·吐温还写过一些针砭时政、讽刺封建制度和宗教以及抨击黑奴制的小说，如与查·沃纳合写的《镀金时代》，以英国为背景的《王子与贫儿》和《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》（1889）以及《傻爪威尔逊》（1894）。 马克·吐温晚年在作品中流露对现实的失望和对“人类”（实为对有产阶级）的悲观态度。这一时期比较重要的作品有《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）、《人是怎么回事？》（1906）、《神秘的来客》（1916）等。但最重要的著作是他口授而由秘书笔录的《自传》。 马克·吐温是我国读者十分熟悉和喜爱的美国作家。他的著作差不多都已有中译本。 Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910), was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Clemens was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri. After his father's death in 1847, he was apprenticed to a printer and wrote for his brother's newspaper. He later worked as a licensed Mississippi river-boat pilot. The Civil War put an end to the steamboat traffic and Clemens moved to Virginia City, where he edited the Territorial Enterprise. On February 3, 1863, 'Mark Twain' was born when Clemens signed a humorous travel account with that pseudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, and worked in San Francisco as a reporter. He visited Hawaii as a correspondent for The Sacramento Union, publishing letters on his trip and giving lectures. He set out on a world tour, traveling in France and Italy. His experiences were recorded in 1869 in The Innocents Abroad, which gained him wide popularity, and poked fun at both American and European prejudices and manners. The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870. They moved next year to Hartford. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881). Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 andHuckleberry Finn in 1884. In the 1890s Twain lost most of his earnings in financial speculations and in the failure of his own publishing firm. To recover from the bankruptcy, he started a world lecture tour, during which one of his daughters died. Twain toured New Zealand, Australia, India, and South Africa. He wrote such books as The Tragedy Of Pudd'head Wilson (1884), Personal Recollections Of Joan Of Arc (1885), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and the travel book Following The Equator (1897). During his long writing career, Twain also produced a considerable number of essays. 希望对您有一定的帮助!

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