很急啊，麻烦了、、
Multiple-edged tools can also be used.Drilling uses a twin-edged fluted tool for holes with depths up to 5 to 10 times the drill diameter. Whether the drill tyrns or the workpiece rotates, relative motion between the cutting edge and the workpiece is the important tactor.In milling operations a rotary cutter with a number of cutting edges engages the workpiece, which moves slowly with respect to the cytter. Plane or contoured surfaces may be prodyced. Depending on the geometry of the cutter and the type of feed. Horizontal or vertical axes of rotation may be ysed, and the feed of the workpiece may be in any of the three coorkinate direcions.
不同的机加工可产生不同的几何形状的工件。
If a rough cylindrical workpoece revolves about a central axis and the tool pentrates beneath its surface and travels parallel to the center of rotation, a surface of revolution is produced (Fig.9-1(a)),and the operation is called turning.
如果一个圆柱体绕其中心轴旋转，同时刀具切入其表面并平行于旋转轴进给，那么这个运动就叫做“车”(Fig.9-1(a))。
If a hollow tube is machined on the inside in a similar manner ,the operation is called boring (Fig.9-1(b)).
如果以同样的方式加工空心管的内表面，那么着个运动就叫做“镗”(Fig.9-1(b))。
Producing an external conical surface of uniformly varying diameter is called taper turning (Fig.9-1(c)).
加工一个外锥面叫锥形车削(Fig.9-1(c))。
If the tool point travels in a path of varying radiys, a contoured surface lige that of a bowling pin can be produced (Fig.9-1(d));or,if the piece is short enough (approximately 1 in.) and the support is sufficiently rigid, a contoured surface could be produced by feeding a shaped tool normal to the axis of rotation (Fig.9-1(e)).
如果刀尖以不同的曲率在一条路径上进给，就会产生保龄球瓶般的波浪形表面(Fig.9-1(d))；如果工件足够小（大约1英尺）并且波浪形表面精度要求高，可以用一把成型刀具垂直于旋转轴进给来产生(Fig.9-1(e))。
Short tapered or cylindrical surfaces could also be contour formed.
小的锥形和圆柱面也可用这种成型法产生(Fig.9-1(e))。追问
还有上面的一段。。可以帮我翻译一下吗？谢谢啊。。麻烦了啊。
追答Flat or plane surfaces are frequently required.
我们经常用到平面。
They can be generated by radial turning or facing, in which the toll point moves normal to the axis of rotation (Fig.9-2(a)).
它们可以通过端面车削来产生，这种车削的刀具垂直于旋转轴进给(Fig.9-2(a))。
In other cases, it is more convenient to hold the workpiece steady and reciprocate the tool across it in a series of straight-line cuts with a crosswise feed increment before each cutting stroke (Fig.9-2(b)).
其它的平面是通过另一种更简便的方式来产生的：工件固定，刀具在其表面做往复运动，每个切削冲程前都有一个交叉方向的进给(Fig.9-2(b))。
This operation is called planning and is carried out on a shaper, For larger pieces it is easier to keep the tool stationary and draw the worlpiece under it as in planning.
这种运动叫做“刨”，可通过牛头刨床实现。若想加工更长的零件，更简便的方法是固定刀具，而在刀具下方牵引工件来实现刨。
The tool is fed at each reciprocation.
刀具伴随着往复运动进给。
Contoured surfaces can be produced by using shaped tools (Fig.9-2(c)).
波浪形表面可通过成型刀具来产生(Fig.9-2(c))。
嘻嘻，，，谢谢你啊！真是万分感谢啊！！！其实我不懂得怎么一整篇发上去，，所以就一段一段来。。麻烦你还是帮我翻译，好吗？？？到时候我一起把分数给你哦。。谢谢啊。麻烦你了。。
基本加工
机床是从早期的埃及人的脚踏动力车床和约翰·威尔金斯的镗床发展而来，它们用于为工件和刀具两者提供刚性支撑并且可以精确控制它们的相对位置和相对速度。基本上讲，在金属切削一个磨尖的楔形工具以紧凑螺纹形的切削形式从有韧性工件表面去除一条很窄的金属。切屑是废弃的产品，与其工件相比相当短但是比未切削时有相对的增加。机器表面的几何形状取决于刀具的形状以及加工过程中刀具的路径。
