有时考试中会碰到到 给你一个对话 选项是像take off take away take up get off get up put on put up put out之类的 让你选 经常搞混……求知友们总结一下各个词汇的意思(我只给出部分 还有些想不起来了 总之越全越好)
something 有些/某人/某事,一般用于肯定句中
例:There is something wrong with you.(固定词组)
anything 1)有些,相对于something,用于疑问句中;2)任何事
1.(用于疑问句或if从句时)什么东西,什么事情
Do you have anything to say?
2.(用于否定句时)任何东西,任何事情
Don't be dependent on anyone for anything.
3.(用于肯定句时)无论什么东西,无论什么事情
My dog will eat almost anything.
everything 每一件事
Everything is ready.(万事俱备)
She does everything to help her mother.
她尽全力帮助她母亲。
nothing
1)没事,什么事都没有
There is nothing on the table.
桌上什么都没有。
2)名词 n.
1.微不足道的事(或人)
His latest play is nothing.
他的新戏一文不值。
enough adj.足够的,修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可以放在名词前面,也可以放在名词后面;adv.足够地,修饰形容词、副词、动词,并放在其后。
enough
adj.
足够的, 充足的, 只够做...的
n.
充足, 足够, 很多
adv.
足够地, 充分地
int.
够了!
enough
e.nough
adj.(形容词)
Sufficient to meet a need or satisfy a desire; adequate:
充足的:足以满足需要或愿望的;充足的:
enough work to keep us all busy.See Synonyms at sufficient
足够多的让我们大家全都忙碌的工作参见 sufficient
pron.(代词)
An adequate number or quantity:
数目足够,数量充足:
“The Gods above should give,/They have enough and we do poorly live”(Henry David Thoreau)
“天上的神祉应该赐予/因他们富足而我们却贫苦度日”(亨利·戴维·索罗)
adv.(副词)
To a satisfactory amount or degree; sufficiently:
足够地,充分地:数量或程度上令人满意地;足够地:
Is the fish cooked enough?
鱼做的火候够吗?
Very; fully; quite:
很;十分;充分地:
We were glad enough to leave.
我们很高兴离开
Tolerably; rather:
尚可;相当:
She sang well enough, but the show was a failure.
她演唱得算好的了,但演出却是个失败
interj.(感叹词)
Used to express impatience or exasperation:
用以表达不耐烦或恼怒:
You've been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough!
你整个下午都在练小提琴。够了!
修饰不定代词的形容词和副词要后置.也就是不定代词放前.你就记住不定代词与一般代词相反就行了.
补充:名词和不定代词不连用,修饰不定代词用形容词,形容词放后面.
other及其变化形式在初中教材中多次出现,而且它的变化形式很多,有以下几种:the other, others, the others, another 等。它们的用法现归纳如下;
1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或
物)”。如:
Do you have any other question(s)?你还有其他问题吗?
Ask some other people.问问别人吧!
Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。
2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代
词。如:
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如:
On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。
Mary is much taller than the other girls.
玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
He lives on the other side of the river.
他住在河的对岸。
3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。
如:
Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.
我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。
Give me some others, please.
请给我别的东西吧!
There are no others.
没有别的了。
4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是
the other的 复数形式。如:
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。
the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。
5.another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同
类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:
I don’t like this one. Please show me another.
我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a
worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人
初中各年级课件教案习题汇总
语文数学英语物理化学
-- 4 - - 4 - §19. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead Ⅰ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如: ① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。 ② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的 幸存者。 Ⅱ.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如: ① Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。 ② No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。 Ⅲ. the living “活着的人”如: The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。 Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为 dead,
可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如: ① The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。 ② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。 Ⅴ. lively adj. [„laivli](livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如: The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。 §20. all/ every Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如: ① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。 ② Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。 Ⅱ. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。 --She is eaten all the biscuits[„biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了! Ⅲ. all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如: She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。 §21. all/ whole Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。 Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。 whole 则用于冠词之后。如: ① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间 ② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生 ③ all this confusion ─→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。 Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说: ① The whole city was burning.但不能说: ②
Whole London was burning. Ⅳ.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如: ① All Indian tribes([traib]部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭 殃。 ② Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。 Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词) ① 可以说:all the money 或all the wine ② 不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine. ③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。 the whole of the time. the whole of my life the whole of this confusion §22 allow/ permit/ let/ promise Ⅰ. allow“允许、许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味。如: ① We allowed him to depart.我们允许他离去。
- 5 - ② Who allowed you to leave the camp?谁允许你离开营地的? ③ I can‟t allow you to do that.我不能允许你做那件事。 allow 也可表客气的请求。如 ① Will you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗? Ⅱ. permit “允许、许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味。如: ① I will permit him to do so. 我准备同意他这样做。 ② The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.当这群陌生人说出口令后,哨兵就允许 他们通过了。 [注]:allow 与 permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着。如: ① Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。 ② Smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 本戏院里禁止吸烟 Ⅲ. let.“允许、让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to 的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow通用。且更具有口语色彩。如: ① Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去。 ② Don‟t let this happen again. 不要让这种事发生了。 ③ Please let me know what happens.请告诉我发生些什么事。 Ⅳ. promise “答应” “允诺”。与以上三个词的意义不同,用于主体答应自己要作什么的场合。如: ① He promised to begin at once.他答应立刻开始。 ② I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly. 我答应(他)立即处理这件事。 ③ They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立即答复。 §23 almost/ nearly Ⅰ. almost“差不多、几乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如: ① He has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作。 ② Almost no one took any rest. 几乎没有一个人休息一下。 Ⅱ. nearly “差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如: ① It‟s nearly five o‟clock.差不多五点钟了。 ② Nearly everyone knows it. 几乎每个人都知道这个。 ③ He‟s nearly ready. 他快准备好了。 [注]:almost有时可与nearly通用,但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时,不用nearly。如以上almost的例①可以互换,但例②则不能。 §24 alone/ lonely Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如: ① I‟m alone but I don‟t fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。 ② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自” ③ I‟ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。 Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如: ① We‟re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. ② a lonely / deserted island §25 aloud/ loud/ loudly Ⅰ. aloud adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如: ① Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。 ② They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。 Ⅱ. loud. adv “高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说笑等方面。如: ① Don‟t talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话。 ② Speak louder. 说得大声点。 Ⅲ. loudly adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用,但含有喧闹的意味。如: ① Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声敲门。 ② Don‟t talk so loudly(loud). 不要如此高声地谈话。 §26 already/ yet /still Ⅰ. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。如:
-- 6 - - 6 - ① I‟ve seen the film already. ② The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 ③ Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了? Ⅱ. yet adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如: ① He hasn‟t found his bike yet他还没有找到他的自行车。 Ⅲ. still adv “仍然、还”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中。如: ① Do you still teach in that school? 你还在那所学校教书? [注]:still在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同。如: ① He is still(还)standing there. ② He is standing there still(adj.不动的、静止的)他站在那儿一动也不动。 §27 also/ as well/ too/ either “也” Ⅰ. also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中;且用于肯定句中。如: ① He also plays football. 他也踢足球。 ② I was also there.我也在那儿。 Ⅱ. too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开,;用于肯定句中。如: ① He is a worker, too. ② The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全都是白的。 Ⅲ. as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末。如: ① She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语,还教过我们数学。 ② He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家。 Ⅳ. either 用于否定句中,常置于句末。在肯定句变否定句时,其中的also, too, as well都要改为either. ① Yesterday I didn‟t watch TV and I didn‟t see the film, either .昨天我没有看电视,也没有看电影。
- 45 - ① You should turn in the money. 你应该把那钱上缴。 ② You should turn in / hand in your finished homework.你们应该把完成的作业交上来。 §209 hands up/ put up one's hand Ⅰ. hands up 是一句祈使语气的口语,相当于Put up your arms over your head! “举起手来!”如: ① “Hands up, or I‟ll shoot.” The policeman demanded the robber. “举起手来,不然我开枪了。”警察命令抢劫犯。 Ⅱ. put up one’s hand 意思与hands up 相同。但语气要弱得多。如: ① Who knows the answer? Hands up / Put up your hands, please. 谁知道这个答案?请举手。 ② Put up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。 §210 happen/ take place/ occur 都有“发生”之意 Ⅰ. happen 是普通用语,应用广泛,指事情的发生有直接原因或带有偶然性。即:“(某人)发生了什么事——happen to sb”,或 “(某物)发生了什么情况——happen to sth”。其主语通常由 accident 或 类似it, what this , that , thing, something 等代词担任。还可表示“碰巧发生某事,——happen to do sth.”如: ① What has happened? 发生什么事了?––– ② What happened to you? 你发生什么事了? ③ It happened through your negligence. 这事的发生是由于你的疏忽。 ④ He happened to be working. 他恰好正在工作。 ⑤ I think it‟s because I happened to like English. 我想这是因为我碰巧喜欢英语。 Ⅱ. take place 常指经过安排的事,无偶然之意。其主语常是表:“运动、活动、会议等”的名词。如: ① The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 ② The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 五四运动发生于一九一九年。 ③ Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation. 解放来,我国发生了巨大的变化。 Ⅲ. occur[ә`kә:] 常与happen 通用。但,是较为正式的用语。指在一定的时间内发生一定的事情。 ① When did the accident occur? 那事故是什么时候发生的? ② Don‟t let the mistake occur again? 不要让这样的错误再次发生。 §211 hare/ rabbit Ⅰ. hare “野兔”比rabbit大,不打洞栖身。如: ① That is a hare. 那是只野兔。 Ⅱ. rabbit 指“野兔”时,比hare小,不打洞栖身。它也可指家兔。如 ① I saw a rabbit hole. 我看到一个野兔洞。 ② He came back with a couple of rabbits and a hare. 他带了一对家兔和一只野兔回来。 §212 harm/ hurt Ⅰ. harm 与hurt 均有“伤害”之意,但二者有区别: harm 用面较广,往往暗示“不良的后果”, 所指伤害往往是抽象、笼统的。 hurt 往往暗示“肉体上疼痛或精神上的不快”其宾语常常是身体上一部分的名词,所指的伤害是具体的。可见的。 ① The nose of machines harmed their hearing. 机器的噪声伤害了他们的听力。 ② He hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒时伤了背。 §213 have been to / have been in / have gone to Ⅰ. have been to „ 表示:“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如: ① Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?(现在已回来)I have been to Beijing. 我去北京了。(现不在北京) ② I have never been there before, have I? 我以前从未去过那儿,是吗? Ⅱ. have been in 表示:“去了某地,并曾在那儿(一段时间),或现在仍在那儿。 ① She has been in Shanghai for a few weeks. Ⅲ. have gone to „ 表示:“去了”指人已经走了,(至少目前不在说话的地点,在去的途中或已经到目的地)。如: ① Kate isn‟t at home, She has gome to school. 凯特不在家,她上学去了。(在路上或已经在学校了)。 ② She isn‟t here, she has gone to Nanjing. 她不在这儿,她去南京了。 §214 have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth) +prep Ⅰ. have sth done “让某事被做”如:
-- 46 - - 46 - I‟ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。(让别人理)。 Ⅱ. have sh done。“让某人被„„”如: He had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。(让别人打) Ⅲ. have sb do sth. “让某人做某事”如: I will have Uncle Wang repair my TV. 我要让王叔叔修理我的电视机。 Ⅳ. have sb./ sth. doing “让某人/ 某物处于某种状态。如: ① Don‟t have the students studying all day. 别整天让学生们学习。 ② They had the machine working all day and all night. 他们让这机器整日整夜地工作。 Ⅴ. have sb./ sth. +介词短语或副词,如: ① The teacher had her students in the classroom.老师让学生留在教室里。 ② Have her here! 让她到这儿来。 §215 have to / must Ⅰ. have to “必须”往往着重于客观的需要,含有不得不的意味。如: ① Do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看医生吗? ② It was late and we have to stay at home. 时间已晚,我们只得呆在家里。 Ⅱ. must “必须 ”往往着重于主观上认为有义务,有必要。如: ① We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。 ② We must go. 我必须去。 §216 have/ own Ⅰ. have “有”表人与物/人,物与物之间存在的“所有;所属”的关系。有时人不一定是物/人的主人。如: ① I have an English book here. 我这儿有一本英语书。 ② Do you have any money with you? 你带有钱吗? Ⅱ. own 用于较正式场合,强调“(合法地)拥有”某物的所有权,主语一定是该物的主人。如: ① I own a bike. 我有一辆自行车。 ② Who owns the car? 这辆小汽车是谁的? §217 head/ brains Ⅰ. head 指外表看得见的,有形的“头”。如: Don‟t hit the boy on the head. 别打那孩子的头。 Ⅱ. brains 指抽象的,无形的“脑力、智力”。 [注]use one’s head 和 use one’s brains含义基本相同。brains 常作单数看。 §218 hear/ hear of/ hear from Ⅰ. hear “听见”指听力,强调听的结果。如: ① I often hear Lucy sing in the next room. Ⅱ. hear of “听说”强调间接听到有关某人的情况或得到消息。有时可用about 代替of,意义无多大的区别。如: ① We are all glad to hear of your success. 听到你成功的消息,我们都很高兴。 ② Have you heard of her lately? 你最近听到她什么情况吗? Ⅲ. hear from “接到„„的来信(电话等)”如: ① Hope to hear from you soon. 希望你早点来信。 ② We have not heard from him since he left. 自从他离开后,我们一直没有收到他的来信。 §219 hear/ listen Ⅰ. hear “听到”强调听的结果。不一定是有意识的。如: ① Can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗? ② I heard her voice but I didn‟t bother to listen to what he was saying. 我听到了她的声音,但并不用心去听她说的是什 么。 Ⅱ. listen “听”强调倾听的动作,当然未必能听到什么。是不及物动词,接宾语时常与介词to连用。如: ① Listen! What do you hear what she is saying? 听!你听见她在说些什么? ② We listened attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我们仔细地听了半天,但什么也没听到。 §220 heaven/ sky
- 47 - Ⅰ. heaven “天、天国、天堂”与earth和 hell(地狱)相对。在文学语言中,它也可以指天空,常用算数形式。如: ① The commune members are fighting heaven and earth. 社员们在战天斗地。 ② He looked at the starry heavens = He is looking at starry sky. 他瞧着布满星星的天空。 Ⅱ. sky “天、天空”,一般用作单数。但在文学语言中,有时也用算数形式(skies).如: ① There were no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。 ② Bitter sacrifice strengtnens bold resolve .Which dares to make sun and moon shine in new skies. 为有牺牲多斗志,敢教日月换新天。 (毛泽东) §221 high/ tall Ⅰ. high “高(的)”,普通用语。与low 相对。指块状物体的高度。主要指本身比一般同类东西较高,或指所处位置较高。如: ① That‟s a very high mountain. 那是一座很高的山。 ② He looked at the high ceiling. 他望着高高的天花板。 Ⅱ. tall “高的”,常与short相对,也指同类中较高的,尤其是表示高度远远超过宽度或直径。即指细长物体的高度。因此可以指人,也可指物。当指物时,往往可与high 通用。但不可指山,或大型建筑物。如: ① She is rather tall. 她相当高。 ② We can see the tall (high) tower. 我们可以看到那个高塔。 §222 hill/ mountain Ⅰ. hill “小山”通常比mountain 小。如: ① I went down the hill. 我从山上走下来。 ② The house stands on the top of a hill. 房子在山顶上。 Ⅱ. mountain “高山”,比hill大。如: ① We made our way up the mountain. 我们登山。 ② He was brought up in the mountain. 他在山里长大的。 §223 help with / help„with. Ⅰ. help with “帮助”后面直接跟名词。如: ① Jones will help with the concert. 琼斯将帮助搞音乐会。 ② The children are helping with the housework. 孩子们正在帮助做家务。 Ⅱ. help „with. “帮助某人做某事”即help st with sth. 如: ① May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗? ② My father used to help me with my lessons. 父亲过去常常帮助我做功课。追问
例:There is something wrong with you.(固定词组)
anything 1)有些,相对于something,用于疑问句中;2)任何事
1.(用于疑问句或if从句时)什么东西,什么事情
Do you have anything to say?
2.(用于否定句时)任何东西,任何事情
Don't be dependent on anyone for anything.
3.(用于肯定句时)无论什么东西,无论什么事情
My dog will eat almost anything.
everything 每一件事
Everything is ready.(万事俱备)
She does everything to help her mother.
她尽全力帮助她母亲。
nothing
1)没事,什么事都没有
There is nothing on the table.
桌上什么都没有。
2)名词 n.
1.微不足道的事(或人)
His latest play is nothing.
他的新戏一文不值。
enough adj.足够的,修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可以放在名词前面,也可以放在名词后面;adv.足够地,修饰形容词、副词、动词,并放在其后。
enough
adj.
足够的, 充足的, 只够做...的
n.
充足, 足够, 很多
adv.
足够地, 充分地
int.
够了!
enough
e.nough
adj.(形容词)
Sufficient to meet a need or satisfy a desire; adequate:
充足的:足以满足需要或愿望的;充足的:
enough work to keep us all busy.See Synonyms at sufficient
足够多的让我们大家全都忙碌的工作参见 sufficient
pron.(代词)
An adequate number or quantity:
数目足够,数量充足:
“The Gods above should give,/They have enough and we do poorly live”(Henry David Thoreau)
“天上的神祉应该赐予/因他们富足而我们却贫苦度日”(亨利·戴维·索罗)
adv.(副词)
To a satisfactory amount or degree; sufficiently:
足够地,充分地:数量或程度上令人满意地;足够地:
Is the fish cooked enough?
鱼做的火候够吗?
Very; fully; quite:
很;十分;充分地:
We were glad enough to leave.
我们很高兴离开
Tolerably; rather:
尚可;相当:
She sang well enough, but the show was a failure.
她演唱得算好的了,但演出却是个失败
interj.(感叹词)
Used to express impatience or exasperation:
用以表达不耐烦或恼怒:
You've been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough!
你整个下午都在练小提琴。够了!
修饰不定代词的形容词和副词要后置.也就是不定代词放前.你就记住不定代词与一般代词相反就行了.
补充:名词和不定代词不连用,修饰不定代词用形容词,形容词放后面.
other及其变化形式在初中教材中多次出现,而且它的变化形式很多,有以下几种:the other, others, the others, another 等。它们的用法现归纳如下;
1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或
物)”。如:
Do you have any other question(s)?你还有其他问题吗?
Ask some other people.问问别人吧!
Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。
2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代
词。如:
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人。
the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词。如:
On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.
在街道的另一边,有一棵大树。
Mary is much taller than the other girls.
玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。
He lives on the other side of the river.
他住在河的对岸。
3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。
如:
Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.
我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。
Give me some others, please.
请给我别的东西吧!
There are no others.
没有别的了。
4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”。是
the other的 复数形式。如:
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。
the others=the other +复数名词,这在第2条中已经有所介绍。
5.another=an+ other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同
类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如:
I don’t like this one. Please show me another.
我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a
worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人
初中各年级课件教案习题汇总
语文数学英语物理化学
-- 4 - - 4 - §19. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead Ⅰ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如: ① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。 ② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的 幸存者。 Ⅱ.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如: ① Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。 ② No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。 Ⅲ. the living “活着的人”如: The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。 Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为 dead,
可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如: ① The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。 ② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。 Ⅴ. lively adj. [„laivli](livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如: The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。 §20. all/ every Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如: ① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。 ② Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。 Ⅱ. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。 --She is eaten all the biscuits[„biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了! Ⅲ. all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如: She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。 §21. all/ whole Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。 Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。 whole 则用于冠词之后。如: ① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间 ② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生 ③ all this confusion ─→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。 Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说: ① The whole city was burning.但不能说: ②
Whole London was burning. Ⅳ.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如: ① All Indian tribes([traib]部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭 殃。 ② Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。 Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词) ① 可以说:all the money 或all the wine ② 不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine. ③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。 the whole of the time. the whole of my life the whole of this confusion §22 allow/ permit/ let/ promise Ⅰ. allow“允许、许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味。如: ① We allowed him to depart.我们允许他离去。
- 5 - ② Who allowed you to leave the camp?谁允许你离开营地的? ③ I can‟t allow you to do that.我不能允许你做那件事。 allow 也可表客气的请求。如 ① Will you allow me to use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗? Ⅱ. permit “允许、许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味。如: ① I will permit him to do so. 我准备同意他这样做。 ② The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.当这群陌生人说出口令后,哨兵就允许 他们通过了。 [注]:allow 与 permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着。如: ① Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。 ② Smoking is not permitted in this theatre. 本戏院里禁止吸烟 Ⅲ. let.“允许、让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to 的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow通用。且更具有口语色彩。如: ① Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去。 ② Don‟t let this happen again. 不要让这种事发生了。 ③ Please let me know what happens.请告诉我发生些什么事。 Ⅳ. promise “答应” “允诺”。与以上三个词的意义不同,用于主体答应自己要作什么的场合。如: ① He promised to begin at once.他答应立刻开始。 ② I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly. 我答应(他)立即处理这件事。 ③ They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立即答复。 §23 almost/ nearly Ⅰ. almost“差不多、几乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如: ① He has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作。 ② Almost no one took any rest. 几乎没有一个人休息一下。 Ⅱ. nearly “差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如: ① It‟s nearly five o‟clock.差不多五点钟了。 ② Nearly everyone knows it. 几乎每个人都知道这个。 ③ He‟s nearly ready. 他快准备好了。 [注]:almost有时可与nearly通用,但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时,不用nearly。如以上almost的例①可以互换,但例②则不能。 §24 alone/ lonely Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如: ① I‟m alone but I don‟t fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。 ② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自” ③ I‟ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。 Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如: ① We‟re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. ② a lonely / deserted island §25 aloud/ loud/ loudly Ⅰ. aloud adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如: ① Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。 ② They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。 Ⅱ. loud. adv “高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说笑等方面。如: ① Don‟t talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话。 ② Speak louder. 说得大声点。 Ⅲ. loudly adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用,但含有喧闹的意味。如: ① Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声敲门。 ② Don‟t talk so loudly(loud). 不要如此高声地谈话。 §26 already/ yet /still Ⅰ. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。如:
-- 6 - - 6 - ① I‟ve seen the film already. ② The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 ③ Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了? Ⅱ. yet adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如: ① He hasn‟t found his bike yet他还没有找到他的自行车。 Ⅲ. still adv “仍然、还”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中。如: ① Do you still teach in that school? 你还在那所学校教书? [注]:still在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同。如: ① He is still(还)standing there. ② He is standing there still(adj.不动的、静止的)他站在那儿一动也不动。 §27 also/ as well/ too/ either “也” Ⅰ. also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中;且用于肯定句中。如: ① He also plays football. 他也踢足球。 ② I was also there.我也在那儿。 Ⅱ. too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开,;用于肯定句中。如: ① He is a worker, too. ② The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全都是白的。 Ⅲ. as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末。如: ① She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.她不但教过我们英语,还教过我们数学。 ② He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家。 Ⅳ. either 用于否定句中,常置于句末。在肯定句变否定句时,其中的also, too, as well都要改为either. ① Yesterday I didn‟t watch TV and I didn‟t see the film, either .昨天我没有看电视,也没有看电影。
- 45 - ① You should turn in the money. 你应该把那钱上缴。 ② You should turn in / hand in your finished homework.你们应该把完成的作业交上来。 §209 hands up/ put up one's hand Ⅰ. hands up 是一句祈使语气的口语,相当于Put up your arms over your head! “举起手来!”如: ① “Hands up, or I‟ll shoot.” The policeman demanded the robber. “举起手来,不然我开枪了。”警察命令抢劫犯。 Ⅱ. put up one’s hand 意思与hands up 相同。但语气要弱得多。如: ① Who knows the answer? Hands up / Put up your hands, please. 谁知道这个答案?请举手。 ② Put up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。 §210 happen/ take place/ occur 都有“发生”之意 Ⅰ. happen 是普通用语,应用广泛,指事情的发生有直接原因或带有偶然性。即:“(某人)发生了什么事——happen to sb”,或 “(某物)发生了什么情况——happen to sth”。其主语通常由 accident 或 类似it, what this , that , thing, something 等代词担任。还可表示“碰巧发生某事,——happen to do sth.”如: ① What has happened? 发生什么事了?––– ② What happened to you? 你发生什么事了? ③ It happened through your negligence. 这事的发生是由于你的疏忽。 ④ He happened to be working. 他恰好正在工作。 ⑤ I think it‟s because I happened to like English. 我想这是因为我碰巧喜欢英语。 Ⅱ. take place 常指经过安排的事,无偶然之意。其主语常是表:“运动、活动、会议等”的名词。如: ① The Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。 ② The May 4th Movement took place in 1919. 五四运动发生于一九一九年。 ③ Great changes have taken place in our country since liberation. 解放来,我国发生了巨大的变化。 Ⅲ. occur[ә`kә:] 常与happen 通用。但,是较为正式的用语。指在一定的时间内发生一定的事情。 ① When did the accident occur? 那事故是什么时候发生的? ② Don‟t let the mistake occur again? 不要让这样的错误再次发生。 §211 hare/ rabbit Ⅰ. hare “野兔”比rabbit大,不打洞栖身。如: ① That is a hare. 那是只野兔。 Ⅱ. rabbit 指“野兔”时,比hare小,不打洞栖身。它也可指家兔。如 ① I saw a rabbit hole. 我看到一个野兔洞。 ② He came back with a couple of rabbits and a hare. 他带了一对家兔和一只野兔回来。 §212 harm/ hurt Ⅰ. harm 与hurt 均有“伤害”之意,但二者有区别: harm 用面较广,往往暗示“不良的后果”, 所指伤害往往是抽象、笼统的。 hurt 往往暗示“肉体上疼痛或精神上的不快”其宾语常常是身体上一部分的名词,所指的伤害是具体的。可见的。 ① The nose of machines harmed their hearing. 机器的噪声伤害了他们的听力。 ② He hurt his back when he fell. 他跌倒时伤了背。 §213 have been to / have been in / have gone to Ⅰ. have been to „ 表示:“曾经到过某处”但目前人未在那儿。如: ① Where have you been? 你到哪儿去了?(现在已回来)I have been to Beijing. 我去北京了。(现不在北京) ② I have never been there before, have I? 我以前从未去过那儿,是吗? Ⅱ. have been in 表示:“去了某地,并曾在那儿(一段时间),或现在仍在那儿。 ① She has been in Shanghai for a few weeks. Ⅲ. have gone to „ 表示:“去了”指人已经走了,(至少目前不在说话的地点,在去的途中或已经到目的地)。如: ① Kate isn‟t at home, She has gome to school. 凯特不在家,她上学去了。(在路上或已经在学校了)。 ② She isn‟t here, she has gone to Nanjing. 她不在这儿,她去南京了。 §214 have sth done/ have sb done/have sb do sth/ have sb(sth) doing/ have sb(sth) +prep Ⅰ. have sth done “让某事被做”如:
-- 46 - - 46 - I‟ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要去理发。(让别人理)。 Ⅱ. have sh done。“让某人被„„”如: He had me whipped. 他叫人用鞭子打我。(让别人打) Ⅲ. have sb do sth. “让某人做某事”如: I will have Uncle Wang repair my TV. 我要让王叔叔修理我的电视机。 Ⅳ. have sb./ sth. doing “让某人/ 某物处于某种状态。如: ① Don‟t have the students studying all day. 别整天让学生们学习。 ② They had the machine working all day and all night. 他们让这机器整日整夜地工作。 Ⅴ. have sb./ sth. +介词短语或副词,如: ① The teacher had her students in the classroom.老师让学生留在教室里。 ② Have her here! 让她到这儿来。 §215 have to / must Ⅰ. have to “必须”往往着重于客观的需要,含有不得不的意味。如: ① Do you have to see a doctor today? 你今天要去看医生吗? ② It was late and we have to stay at home. 时间已晚,我们只得呆在家里。 Ⅱ. must “必须 ”往往着重于主观上认为有义务,有必要。如: ① We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。 ② We must go. 我必须去。 §216 have/ own Ⅰ. have “有”表人与物/人,物与物之间存在的“所有;所属”的关系。有时人不一定是物/人的主人。如: ① I have an English book here. 我这儿有一本英语书。 ② Do you have any money with you? 你带有钱吗? Ⅱ. own 用于较正式场合,强调“(合法地)拥有”某物的所有权,主语一定是该物的主人。如: ① I own a bike. 我有一辆自行车。 ② Who owns the car? 这辆小汽车是谁的? §217 head/ brains Ⅰ. head 指外表看得见的,有形的“头”。如: Don‟t hit the boy on the head. 别打那孩子的头。 Ⅱ. brains 指抽象的,无形的“脑力、智力”。 [注]use one’s head 和 use one’s brains含义基本相同。brains 常作单数看。 §218 hear/ hear of/ hear from Ⅰ. hear “听见”指听力,强调听的结果。如: ① I often hear Lucy sing in the next room. Ⅱ. hear of “听说”强调间接听到有关某人的情况或得到消息。有时可用about 代替of,意义无多大的区别。如: ① We are all glad to hear of your success. 听到你成功的消息,我们都很高兴。 ② Have you heard of her lately? 你最近听到她什么情况吗? Ⅲ. hear from “接到„„的来信(电话等)”如: ① Hope to hear from you soon. 希望你早点来信。 ② We have not heard from him since he left. 自从他离开后,我们一直没有收到他的来信。 §219 hear/ listen Ⅰ. hear “听到”强调听的结果。不一定是有意识的。如: ① Can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗? ② I heard her voice but I didn‟t bother to listen to what he was saying. 我听到了她的声音,但并不用心去听她说的是什 么。 Ⅱ. listen “听”强调倾听的动作,当然未必能听到什么。是不及物动词,接宾语时常与介词to连用。如: ① Listen! What do you hear what she is saying? 听!你听见她在说些什么? ② We listened attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我们仔细地听了半天,但什么也没听到。 §220 heaven/ sky
- 47 - Ⅰ. heaven “天、天国、天堂”与earth和 hell(地狱)相对。在文学语言中,它也可以指天空,常用算数形式。如: ① The commune members are fighting heaven and earth. 社员们在战天斗地。 ② He looked at the starry heavens = He is looking at starry sky. 他瞧着布满星星的天空。 Ⅱ. sky “天、天空”,一般用作单数。但在文学语言中,有时也用算数形式(skies).如: ① There were no clouds in the sky. 天上没有云。 ② Bitter sacrifice strengtnens bold resolve .Which dares to make sun and moon shine in new skies. 为有牺牲多斗志,敢教日月换新天。 (毛泽东) §221 high/ tall Ⅰ. high “高(的)”,普通用语。与low 相对。指块状物体的高度。主要指本身比一般同类东西较高,或指所处位置较高。如: ① That‟s a very high mountain. 那是一座很高的山。 ② He looked at the high ceiling. 他望着高高的天花板。 Ⅱ. tall “高的”,常与short相对,也指同类中较高的,尤其是表示高度远远超过宽度或直径。即指细长物体的高度。因此可以指人,也可指物。当指物时,往往可与high 通用。但不可指山,或大型建筑物。如: ① She is rather tall. 她相当高。 ② We can see the tall (high) tower. 我们可以看到那个高塔。 §222 hill/ mountain Ⅰ. hill “小山”通常比mountain 小。如: ① I went down the hill. 我从山上走下来。 ② The house stands on the top of a hill. 房子在山顶上。 Ⅱ. mountain “高山”,比hill大。如: ① We made our way up the mountain. 我们登山。 ② He was brought up in the mountain. 他在山里长大的。 §223 help with / help„with. Ⅰ. help with “帮助”后面直接跟名词。如: ① Jones will help with the concert. 琼斯将帮助搞音乐会。 ② The children are helping with the housework. 孩子们正在帮助做家务。 Ⅱ. help „with. “帮助某人做某事”即help st with sth. 如: ① May I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗? ② My father used to help me with my lessons. 父亲过去常常帮助我做功课。追问
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第1个回答 2014-01-18
。。。怎么可能总结得完……你干脆去买本用法词典吧,去书店看看你想要辨析还是意思还是怎样再到网上买吧孩子~追问
就是get take give这几个词的相关词组 不要多 考试经常出现的那种就行了
追答本来没想要分就是觉得你这样不对啊……不胜惶恐~~~
anyway, thanks!
另外、英语要慢慢积累,要耐心,我觉得查字典是非常好的事~
加油!