求十五种翻译技巧 汉语讲解

3.

division
Sometimes, an English sentence with a restrictive attributive clause is too
long or too complicated for the translator to take as a single sentence. In
this
case,
we
may
divide
it
into
two
or
several
parts,
placing
the
attributive
clause
after
the
principle
clause
to
conform
to
the
Chinese
usage, repeating the antecedent being modified.
Eg:
They
are
striving
for
the
ideal
which
is
close
to
the
heart
of
every
Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their
lives
。

他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，
这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，
在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to
two pounds each.
他种出了
200
个大得惊人的西红柿，
每个重达两磅
。

4.

combination( combination in restrictive attributive clauses)
Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污染是
我们必须解决
的一个迫切问题。

The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人
对他怕得要死。

5.

extension

the extension of meaning may be either from the specific to the general or
from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.
It is more than transient
everydayness
.
这远非一时的
柴米油盐问题
。
(from the abstract to the concrete)
Americans love work, it is

meat and drink
to them

美国人热爱工作。对他们来说，工作就是
乐趣
。

6.

substitution
the technique is used to replace the words of the original expression with
Chinese synonyms or idioms according to different situations.
He was indeed a good
riddance

他还是
不在
的好。

The same is not true with a
mortal illness
.
如果是得了
不治之症
，情况就不一样了。

7.

repetition
I seek but seek in vain.
寻寻觅觅
，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。

You should
help her
since you have promised
to do so.
你既然答应了要
帮助她
就应当
帮助她
。

8.

conversion of word class
nouns converted into verbs
I think my little brother is a better
teacher
than I.
我认为我的小弟弟比我
教
得好。

Adjectives converted into verbs
Doctors have said that they are not
sure
they can save his life.
医生说他们不敢
肯定
能否救得了他的命。

9.

conversion of grammatical function
converting
attributive
elements
into
independent
sentences,
adverbial
clauses, etc.
This is an electrical method,
which is most promising
when the water is
brackish.
这是一种电气方法。当水含盐时，它
最有希望
。

Nowadays it is understood that a diet
which contains nothing harmful
may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
现在人们已经懂得，

如果饮食中缺少了某些重要成分，
即使食物不
含有任何有害物质
，也会引起严重疾病。

10. conversion of voice

Converting the passive voice into the active
Every moment of every day, energy
is being transformed
from one form
into another.
每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式
变为
另一种形式。

Communications
satellites
are
used
for
international
live
transmission
throughout the world.
全世界
都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。

11
．

Convert from hypotactic to paratactic

Hypotactic VS Paratactic

He
had
a
disconcerting
habit
of
expressing
contradictory
ideas
in
rapid
succession.
他有一种令人难堪的习惯：一会儿一个看法，自相矛盾，变化无常。

The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and
pedestrian peace of mind.
车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

12. conversion from impersonal to personal

Impersonal VS Personal

The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
我
走在厚厚的地毯上，一点儿脚步声也没有。

Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
我
兴奋得说不出话来。

13. conversion from the abstract to concrete

Abstract VS Concrete
The
absence
of
intelligence
is
an
indication
of
satisfactory
of
developments
没有
消息即表明有令人满意的进步。

A
high
degree
of
carelessness,
pre-operative
and
post-operative,
on
the
part of some of the hospital staff, took place.
医院某些医护人员在手术前后都
非常粗心
。

14. conversion from complex to simplex

Complex VS Simplex
Many
man-made
substances
are
replacing
certain
natural
materials
because
either
the
quality
of
the
natural
product
can
not
meet
our
ever-increasing
requirement,
or,
more
often
,
because
the
physical
properties
of
the
synthetic
substance,
which
is
the
common
name
for
man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it
would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
人造材料通称为合成材料。
许多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，
这
或者是由于天然材料的数量不能满足日益增长的需要，
或者是由于人
们选择了合成材料的一些物理性质并加以突出而造成的。
因此，
合成
材料在其应用领域讲具有极大的用途。

But
for
agriculture,
man
could
not
exist,
nor
could
social
production
proceed.
没有农业，人类便不能生存，社会生存也就不能继续下去。

15. conversion from negative to positive
Affirmative in English, but negative in Chinese
He denied it to be the case.
他说事实
不是
这样

Negative in English, but affirmative in Chinese
The doubt was still
unresolved
after his repeated explanation
经他一再解释，疑团仍然
存在
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