如题所述
3.
division
Sometimes, an English sentence with a restrictive attributive clause is too
long or too complicated for the translator to take as a single sentence. In
this
case,
we
may
divide
it
into
two
or
several
parts,
placing
the
attributive
clause
after
the
principle
clause
to
conform
to
the
Chinese
usage, repeating the antecedent being modified.
Eg:
They
are
striving
for
the
ideal
which
is
close
to
the
heart
of
every
Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their
lives
ã
ä»ä»¬æ£å¨ä¸ºå®ç°ä¸ä¸ªçæ³èåªåï¼
è¿ä¸ªçæ³æ¯æ¯ä¸ªä¸å½äººæçç±çï¼
å¨è¿å»ï¼è®¸å¤ä¸å½äººä¸ºäºè¿ä¸ªçæ³èçºç²äºèªå·±ççå½ã
He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to
two pounds each.
ä»ç§åºäº
200
个大å¾æ人ç西红æ¿ï¼
æ¯ä¸ªé达两ç£
ã
4.
combination( combination in restrictive attributive clauses)
Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污ææ¯
æä»¬å¿ é¡»è§£å³
çä¸ä¸ªè¿«åé®é¢ã
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
å¨ä»æä¸å·¥ä½ç人
对ä»æå¾è¦æ»ã
5.
extension
the extension of meaning may be either from the specific to the general or
from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.
It is more than transient
everydayness
.
è¿è¿éä¸æ¶ç
æ´ç±³æ²¹çé®é¢
ã
(from the abstract to the concrete)
Americans love work, it is
meat and drink
to them
ç¾å½äººçç±å·¥ä½ã对ä»ä»¬æ¥è¯´ï¼å·¥ä½å°±æ¯
ä¹è¶£
ã
6.
substitution
the technique is used to replace the words of the original expression with
Chinese synonyms or idioms according to different situations.
He was indeed a good
riddance
ä»è¿æ¯
ä¸å¨
ç好ã
The same is not true with a
mortal illness
.
å¦ææ¯å¾äº
ä¸æ²»ä¹ç
ï¼æ åµå°±ä¸ä¸æ ·äºã
7.
repetition
I seek but seek in vain.
å¯»å¯»è§ è§
ï¼å·å·æ¸ æ¸ ï¼ååæ¨æ¨ææã
You should
help her
since you have promised
to do so.
ä½ æ¢ç¶çåºäºè¦
帮å©å¥¹
å°±åºå½
帮å©å¥¹
ã
8.
conversion of word class
nouns converted into verbs
I think my little brother is a better
teacher
than I.
æ认为æçå°å¼å¼æ¯æ
æ
å¾å¥½ã
Adjectives converted into verbs
Doctors have said that they are not
sure
they can save his life.
å»ç说ä»ä»¬ä¸æ¢
è¯å®
è½å¦æå¾äºä»çå½ã
9.
conversion of grammatical function
converting
attributive
elements
into
independent
sentences,
adverbial
clauses, etc.
This is an electrical method,
which is most promising
when the water is
brackish.
è¿æ¯ä¸ç§çµæ°æ¹æ³ãå½æ°´å«çæ¶ï¼å®
ææå¸æ
ã
Nowadays it is understood that a diet
which contains nothing harmful
may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
ç°å¨äººä»¬å·²ç»æå¾ï¼
å¦æ饮é£ä¸ç¼ºå°äºæäºéè¦æåï¼
å³ä½¿é£ç©ä¸
å«æä»»ä½æ害ç©è´¨
ï¼ä¹ä¼å¼èµ·ä¸¥éç¾ç ã
10. conversion of voice
Converting the passive voice into the active
Every moment of every day, energy
is being transformed
from one form
into another.
æ¯æ¶æ¯å»ï¼è½éé½å¨ç±ä¸ç§å½¢å¼
å为
å¦ä¸ç§å½¢å¼ã
Communications
satellites
are
used
for
international
live
transmission
throughout the world.
å ¨ä¸ç
é½å°éä¿¡å«æç¨äºå½é é´çå®åµè½¬æã
11
ï¼
Convert from hypotactic to paratactic
Hypotactic VS Paratactic
He
had
a
disconcerting
habit
of
expressing
contradictory
ideas
in
rapid
succession.
ä»æä¸ç§ä»¤äººé¾å ªçä¹ æ¯ï¼ä¸ä¼å¿ä¸ä¸ªçæ³ï¼èªç¸çç¾ï¼ååæ 常ã
The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and
pedestrian peace of mind.
车è¾æ¨ªå²ç´æï¼ä¸¥éå°å¨èçåå¸çæ´»ï¼è·¯ä¸è¡äººæ ä¸æå¿åèã
12. conversion from impersonal to personal
Impersonal VS Personal
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
æ
èµ°å¨ååçå°æ¯¯ä¸ï¼ä¸ç¹å¿èæ¥å£°ä¹æ²¡æã
Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
æ
å ´å¥å¾è¯´ä¸åºè¯æ¥ã
13. conversion from the abstract to concrete
Abstract VS Concrete
The
absence
of
intelligence
is
an
indication
of
satisfactory
of
developments
没æ
æ¶æ¯å³è¡¨ææ令人满æçè¿æ¥ã
A
high
degree
of
carelessness,
pre-operative
and
post-operative,
on
the
part of some of the hospital staff, took place.
å»é¢æäºå»æ¤äººåå¨ææ¯ååé½
é常ç²å¿
ã
14. conversion from complex to simplex
Complex VS Simplex
Many
man-made
substances
are
replacing
certain
natural
materials
because
either
the
quality
of
the
natural
product
can
not
meet
our
ever-increasing
requirement,
or,
more
often
,
because
the
physical
properties
of
the
synthetic
substance,
which
is
the
common
name
for
man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it
would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
人é ææé称为åæææã
许å¤äººé æææ£å¨ä»£æ¿æäºå¤©ç¶ææï¼
è¿
æè æ¯ç±äºå¤©ç¶ææçæ°éä¸è½æ»¡è¶³æ¥çå¢é¿çéè¦ï¼
æè æ¯ç±äºäºº
们éæ©äºåæææçä¸äºç©çæ§è´¨å¹¶å 以çªåºèé æçã
å æ¤ï¼
åæ
ææå¨å ¶åºç¨é¢åè®²å ·ææ大çç¨éã
But
for
agriculture,
man
could
not
exist,
nor
could
social
production
proceed.
没æåä¸ï¼äººç±»ä¾¿ä¸è½çåï¼ç¤¾ä¼çåä¹å°±ä¸è½ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã
15. conversion from negative to positive
Affirmative in English, but negative in Chinese
He denied it to be the case.
ä»è¯´äºå®
ä¸æ¯
è¿æ ·
Negative in English, but affirmative in Chinese
The doubt was still
unresolved
after his repeated explanation
ç»ä»ä¸å解éï¼çå¢ä»ç¶
åå¨
æ¥èªç¾åº¦æåº
å¸æè½å¸®å°æ¨ï¼
è¥å¯¹ä½ æ帮å©ï¼
请é纳ï¼ï¼
谢谢ï¼
â®ï¼â¯ââ°ï¼â
division
Sometimes, an English sentence with a restrictive attributive clause is too
long or too complicated for the translator to take as a single sentence. In
this
case,
we
may
divide
it
into
two
or
several
parts,
placing
the
attributive
clause
after
the
principle
clause
to
conform
to
the
Chinese
usage, repeating the antecedent being modified.
Eg:
They
are
striving
for
the
ideal
which
is
close
to
the
heart
of
every
Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their
lives
ã
ä»ä»¬æ£å¨ä¸ºå®ç°ä¸ä¸ªçæ³èåªåï¼
è¿ä¸ªçæ³æ¯æ¯ä¸ªä¸å½äººæçç±çï¼
å¨è¿å»ï¼è®¸å¤ä¸å½äººä¸ºäºè¿ä¸ªçæ³èçºç²äºèªå·±ççå½ã
He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to
two pounds each.
ä»ç§åºäº
200
个大å¾æ人ç西红æ¿ï¼
æ¯ä¸ªé达两ç£
ã
4.
combination( combination in restrictive attributive clauses)
Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.
污ææ¯
æä»¬å¿ é¡»è§£å³
çä¸ä¸ªè¿«åé®é¢ã
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
å¨ä»æä¸å·¥ä½ç人
对ä»æå¾è¦æ»ã
5.
extension
the extension of meaning may be either from the specific to the general or
from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.
It is more than transient
everydayness
.
è¿è¿éä¸æ¶ç
æ´ç±³æ²¹çé®é¢
ã
(from the abstract to the concrete)
Americans love work, it is
meat and drink
to them
ç¾å½äººçç±å·¥ä½ã对ä»ä»¬æ¥è¯´ï¼å·¥ä½å°±æ¯
ä¹è¶£
ã
6.
substitution
the technique is used to replace the words of the original expression with
Chinese synonyms or idioms according to different situations.
He was indeed a good
riddance
ä»è¿æ¯
ä¸å¨
ç好ã
The same is not true with a
mortal illness
.
å¦ææ¯å¾äº
ä¸æ²»ä¹ç
ï¼æ åµå°±ä¸ä¸æ ·äºã
7.
repetition
I seek but seek in vain.
å¯»å¯»è§ è§
ï¼å·å·æ¸ æ¸ ï¼ååæ¨æ¨ææã
You should
help her
since you have promised
to do so.
ä½ æ¢ç¶çåºäºè¦
帮å©å¥¹
å°±åºå½
帮å©å¥¹
ã
8.
conversion of word class
nouns converted into verbs
I think my little brother is a better
teacher
than I.
æ认为æçå°å¼å¼æ¯æ
æ
å¾å¥½ã
Adjectives converted into verbs
Doctors have said that they are not
sure
they can save his life.
å»ç说ä»ä»¬ä¸æ¢
è¯å®
è½å¦æå¾äºä»çå½ã
9.
conversion of grammatical function
converting
attributive
elements
into
independent
sentences,
adverbial
clauses, etc.
This is an electrical method,
which is most promising
when the water is
brackish.
è¿æ¯ä¸ç§çµæ°æ¹æ³ãå½æ°´å«çæ¶ï¼å®
ææå¸æ
ã
Nowadays it is understood that a diet
which contains nothing harmful
may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
ç°å¨äººä»¬å·²ç»æå¾ï¼
å¦æ饮é£ä¸ç¼ºå°äºæäºéè¦æåï¼
å³ä½¿é£ç©ä¸
å«æä»»ä½æ害ç©è´¨
ï¼ä¹ä¼å¼èµ·ä¸¥éç¾ç ã
10. conversion of voice
Converting the passive voice into the active
Every moment of every day, energy
is being transformed
from one form
into another.
æ¯æ¶æ¯å»ï¼è½éé½å¨ç±ä¸ç§å½¢å¼
å为
å¦ä¸ç§å½¢å¼ã
Communications
satellites
are
used
for
international
live
transmission
throughout the world.
å ¨ä¸ç
é½å°éä¿¡å«æç¨äºå½é é´çå®åµè½¬æã
11
ï¼
Convert from hypotactic to paratactic
Hypotactic VS Paratactic
He
had
a
disconcerting
habit
of
expressing
contradictory
ideas
in
rapid
succession.
ä»æä¸ç§ä»¤äººé¾å ªçä¹ æ¯ï¼ä¸ä¼å¿ä¸ä¸ªçæ³ï¼èªç¸çç¾ï¼ååæ 常ã
The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and
pedestrian peace of mind.
车è¾æ¨ªå²ç´æï¼ä¸¥éå°å¨èçåå¸çæ´»ï¼è·¯ä¸è¡äººæ ä¸æå¿åèã
12. conversion from impersonal to personal
Impersonal VS Personal
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
æ
èµ°å¨ååçå°æ¯¯ä¸ï¼ä¸ç¹å¿èæ¥å£°ä¹æ²¡æã
Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.
æ
å ´å¥å¾è¯´ä¸åºè¯æ¥ã
13. conversion from the abstract to concrete
Abstract VS Concrete
The
absence
of
intelligence
is
an
indication
of
satisfactory
of
developments
没æ
æ¶æ¯å³è¡¨ææ令人满æçè¿æ¥ã
A
high
degree
of
carelessness,
pre-operative
and
post-operative,
on
the
part of some of the hospital staff, took place.
å»é¢æäºå»æ¤äººåå¨ææ¯ååé½
é常ç²å¿
ã
14. conversion from complex to simplex
Complex VS Simplex
Many
man-made
substances
are
replacing
certain
natural
materials
because
either
the
quality
of
the
natural
product
can
not
meet
our
ever-increasing
requirement,
or,
more
often
,
because
the
physical
properties
of
the
synthetic
substance,
which
is
the
common
name
for
man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it
would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.
人é ææé称为åæææã
许å¤äººé æææ£å¨ä»£æ¿æäºå¤©ç¶ææï¼
è¿
æè æ¯ç±äºå¤©ç¶ææçæ°éä¸è½æ»¡è¶³æ¥çå¢é¿çéè¦ï¼
æè æ¯ç±äºäºº
们éæ©äºåæææçä¸äºç©çæ§è´¨å¹¶å 以çªåºèé æçã
å æ¤ï¼
åæ
ææå¨å ¶åºç¨é¢åè®²å ·ææ大çç¨éã
But
for
agriculture,
man
could
not
exist,
nor
could
social
production
proceed.
没æåä¸ï¼äººç±»ä¾¿ä¸è½çåï¼ç¤¾ä¼çåä¹å°±ä¸è½ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã
15. conversion from negative to positive
Affirmative in English, but negative in Chinese
He denied it to be the case.
ä»è¯´äºå®
ä¸æ¯
è¿æ ·
Negative in English, but affirmative in Chinese
The doubt was still
unresolved
after his repeated explanation
ç»ä»ä¸å解éï¼çå¢ä»ç¶
åå¨
æ¥èªç¾åº¦æåº
å¸æè½å¸®å°æ¨ï¼
è¥å¯¹ä½ æ帮å©ï¼
请é纳ï¼ï¼
谢谢ï¼
â®ï¼â¯ââ°ï¼â
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