A. V., an adult of nervous organization, went half through his race with a great gain over his trial alone, but seeing his antagonist pushing him closely, broke down and lost the most of the gain made in the first half. The time of the trial alone was 38.6 seconds, 【that of the competition was 37.2 seconds】. A comparison of the time in which the halves of the trials were made was computed in the following way: On the ordinate of the graph is measured the distance the stylus travels across the drum during 150 turns of the reel -- 【the number in a trial】. The distance on the abscissa between the ordinates running through the ends of the curve of any trial gives the time of the trial.
Parallel abscissas were drawn at the extremities of the curves, 【and a third one-half way between them】. Half of the turns made in a trial were thus on each side of this middle line, and the times in which these turns were mode were proportional to the segments of this line made by the curve intersecting it. By this means it was found that A. V. made the first [p. 526] 75 turns in his competition trial in 15 seconds, the second half in 22.2 seconds. By the same means, each half of the preceding trial alone was 19.3 seconds -- an exception to the rule that the last half is slower because of fatigue.
Other curves when worked out in this way gave similar results. The time record, therefore, it must be seen, is not always a true index to the amount of stimulation present. Had the trials consisted of but half as many turns the effect of competition as it appears in the tables would have been shown much more constantly. Table II mould have been a smaller group if indeed any necessity existed for retaining it.
没有把握的人，请不要尝试，这段英语很难的有高度逻辑和错综复杂的概括性且含有高度的简略性....，只有高人才可能胜任。
A. V., an adult of nervous organization, went half through his race with a great gain over his trial alone, but seeing his antagonist pushing him closely, broke down and lost the most of the gain made in the first half. The time of the trial alone was 38.6 seconds, that of the competition was 37.2 seconds. A comparison of the time in which the halves of the trials were made was computed in the following way: On the ordinate of the graph is measured the distance the stylus travels across the drum during 150 turns of the reel -- the number in a trial. The distance on the abscissa between the ordinates running through the ends of the curve of any trial gives the time of the trial.
A.V. 是一个紧张型的成年人，比赛前半程的成绩超出单独测很多，但是，看见竞争对手逼近自己时，就崩溃了，失去上半场所取得大部分优势。他单独测试用时38.6秒，比赛测试时间为37.2秒。把两种测试时上下半场所用时间进行对比的计算方法如下：
后面的不搞了，太难了！外行啊！
对不起了。
在圆盘**卷转到第150圈（匝）**----这是测试的总匝**数----期间，笔尖**经过耳膜**的（总）距离，可以在图中的纵坐标中计算出来。任何一个测试曲线的两个端点都对应两个纵坐标，在这两个纵坐标之间的横坐标（所对应的）距离就是测试的时间。
A.V. 是一个紧张型的成年人，他在比赛前半程的成绩比他自己单独试跑超出很多。但是，当他看见竞争对手在后面紧逼自己时，就崩溃了，丢掉了上半场所获得的大部分优势。他单独测试用了38.6秒，而比赛所跑的时间为37.2秒。把两种测试时上下半场所用时间进行对比的计算方法如下：
图表的纵坐标衡量了圆轮转了150圈期间笔尖所走的距离——试跑中的数字。横坐标上表示的穿过任何一次试跑曲线两端的纵坐标之间的距离，显示了该次试跑的时间。
在曲线的两个远端画出两个平行的横坐标，并在他们之间一半的地方画出第三个横坐标。这样一来，这条中线的两端各有测试中一半的圈，而且跑这些圈的时间与这条线被曲线截成的几段是成正比例的。通过这种办法发现， A. V. 在竞赛测试中前面的75圈每圈花了15秒的时间 [第526页] ，而他跑的第二个75圈则每圈花了22.2秒。通过同一种办法，原来单独试跑时前半部分每圈花了19.3 秒——这对于关于后半部分会由于疲劳使人速度放缓的规则是一种例外。
以这种方式得出的其它曲线的结果类似。因此必须看到，时间的记录并不总是反映所存在的刺激量大小的真正指数。假使当时试跑所跑的圈数只有一半，正如图表所显示的竞争影响本来也会显得更加稳定不变。表二这一组本来会变小，如果确实有任何保留它的必要的话。
译者说明：
其实，只要仔细研究我的译文，就能了解原文的意思了。聪明的学生是不需要每句都用语法作解释的。第一对括号里的that，是为了避免重复前面的time而用的，这在正确英语里常见。
第二对括号里的短语the number in the trial已用引申词表明它与前面的关系，相当于是划了等号，即指150 turns of the reel。
按英语规律，第三对括号里的them指的是离它最近的名词复数，即the extremities of the curves，而a third后面则是省略了abscissas一词，这也是高级英语的高级之处。
翻译的原则是要尊重原作者。原作者就是这种写作风格，甚至包括有意或无意的含糊。如果想钻牛角尖，只能找原作者理论去了。
相信多数出来答题的网友，除有一定水准外，更关键是有一种乐意助人的精神。答这么长的题，更是在牺牲他们自己时间的基础上为并不相识的提问者做出的一种贡献，如果不是奉献的话。这理应得到起码的尊重和感谢。同时我也相信，多数提问者之所以提问，就是对有关问题不太了解或完全不知所以然，而不是为了考对方。在这种情况下，学生往往是不适宜做法官或裁判的，尤其是在对答案都不能全懂的情况下。
学英文若想获得较大的进步，除应虚心学习之外，还需循序渐进，实事求是。追问
一般人都认为第一个that 表示time ,因为按上下文的英语结构这是很明显的，但是逻辑上完全行不通，因为前一句有： went half through his race with a great gain over his trail alone (单独测试时，（他）前半场，得分很多），The time of the trial alone was 38.6 seconds, that of the competition was 37.2 ：为什么竞争（下半场崩溃时），时跑的时间更快(37.2秒）（这个时间大于单独跑38.6秒？
