我说的是具体介绍一个 字 的来源,比如说“和”这个字,还有不要太短要表明其具体演变过程等。谢
急............
About the history of Chinese characters, based on existing ancient literature records and has now confirmed archeological discovery, there are at least four or five thousand years of history, and the origin of Chinese history is the beginning of China's ancient civilization, history, so we usually say the han nationality have 5000 years civilization history. Archaeological and document shows that Chinese characters originated in yangshao culture period, about 4,000 bce, began in 2000 BC shang accumulation phase, into characters formed a fairly large text early system.
From changjie untouched
The old legend pictophmetic changjie BC to 1400 years ago in oracle's found that Chinese scholar has been committed to the origin of Chinese characters uncover mysteries. About the origin of Chinese characters, ancient Chinese literature have various statement, such as "" line", "gossip", "pictures", "book pact, total recorded generally still has the legend of pictophmetic emperor historiographer changjie. Modern scholars think, into system text tool can't completely created by one person, indeed, changjie if should be issued by the text sifters have or. The earliest skinned symbols for dating by systematic investigation and 8,000 contrast throughout the mainland's 19 kinds of archaeological culture of the more than 100 sites in the clay unearthed semi-culture symbols, zhengzhou university doctoral tutor WangYunZhi think, China's earliest skinned symbols appear in henan wuyang GuHu sites, it has 8,000 years of history. The shang dynasty matured in words. Shang dynasty text information with doppler digging with bones, and the bronze ritual as the main carrier, is the earliest China so far found the mature text. The basic characters of shang text can be urinalysis characteristics are classified into four major categories: take human and human a certain part of the body characteristic of constitutive word for foundation; With labor creation and the object of labor for the basis of constitutive words; Take beast and livestock constitutive word of image for the foundation; Take the natural object to compose words based.
characteristics
The Chinese characters is the world's most ancient text, it is one of the written symbols records events. Gradually the form by graphics into the square shape by stroke constitute symbol, so Chinese character generally also called "Chinese". It consists of pictographs fractal characters) (table evolve into and table significance meaning, but the total system sound writing is still ideograms. Therefore, Chinese characters have set image, sound and quit three in one of the characteristics of righteousness. This feature in world text is unique, and therefore it has unique charm. The Chinese characters is the han nationality thousands of years culture heritage, also is our lifetime mentor, everyone's spiritual home. Chinese often can cause our beautiful and bold lenovo, give a person to enjoy.
汉字经过了6000多年的变化,其演变过程是:
甲骨文 → 金文 → 小篆 → 隶书 → 楷书 → 行书
(商) (周) (秦) (汉) (魏晋) 草书
以上的“甲金篆隶草楷行”七种字体称为 “汉字七体”
汉字的起源是一个未解之谜。说到汉字,不得不提甲骨文,得到考古支持的商代甲骨文最早出现在3300年前,这比古埃及的文字及两河流域的苏美尔文字都要晚近2000年。至今共发现了5000个以上的甲骨文单字,其中可以认识的约有1700字。从一定程度上讲,同样作为四大文明古国之一的中国,没有理由落于人后那么多!思索的同时,我们发现最早的甲骨文就已经有了一定程度的会意和形声成分,在这些甲骨文中,“会意字”不到80%,形声字占20%多。这与古代埃及人、苏美尔人等其他早期的象形文字有很大的不同。
有人认为中国古代的科技水平,远远不如古埃及、古希腊文明。在古埃及人早已经用巨大的石块建造宏大的金字塔时,中国却只有夯土建筑。在古埃及人已经在坚硬的石头上刻下精美的象形文字图案时,中国却只能在兽骨或龟甲上刻出粗糙的划痕。但是看看中国的甲骨文的抽象程度,却又远远高于古埃及那些具象的图形。似乎汉字直接跨越了早期象形文字的早期阶段,直接进入了一种更抽象的较高级阶段。汉字发展经历的象形阶段:表意—形声的途径中,象形阶段几乎没有,所谓的象形字在甲骨文阶段就已经被高度抽象了。后来,随着汉字的演变,汉字更不再是纯粹的表意文字了,当希腊人建造帕台侬神庙的精美雕塑,罗马人建立万神庙的巨大穹顶时,中国还只有秦汉时期夯土的长城,和陶制的殉葬兵马俑,但是秦朝的小篆已经是一种全国统一的规范文字了,汉朝的隶书与今天的汉字已很接近。无论是跳跃着前进的文字?
1甲骨文
秦统一文字前,中国的汉字,不论从字体、应用角度而言,还是混乱的。古文广义而言,其包括大篆在内的小篆以前的文字;狭义的讲,指中国文字史上大篆以前的文字。这里采用狭义的古文概念。古文包含甲骨文与金文;其中,前者被人们视为中国最早的定型文字。
甲骨文字:为商朝后期用写或刻的方式,在龟甲、兽骨上所留下的文字,其内容多为"卜辞",也有少数为"记事辞"。甲骨文大部分符合象形、会意的造字原则,形声字只占20%。其文字有刀刻的,有的填满朱砂,也有直接朱书墨书的。因文字多为图画文字中演变而成的,象形程度高,且一字多体,笔画不定。这说明中国的文字在殷商时期尚未统一。
殷代图像金文:先秦称铜为金,故铸刻在青铜器上的文字叫做金文,又叫钟鼎文、彝器款识。与甲骨文相比,金文象形程度更高,显示了更古的文字面貌。金文填实的写法,使形象生动逼真,浑厚自然。
甲骨文是商代书写的俗体,金文才是正体,显示了正体多繁,俗体趋简的印迹(如表二)。
(表二:甲骨、金文对照表)
甲骨文因多为刀刻在龟甲兽骨上,故其文字带有坚硬的笔法(如图3)。这种如刀刻的笔法,亦有被运用在现代平面设计上(如图4)。
(图3)(图4)
2大篆
在中国文字史上,夏、商、周三代,就其对文字学的贡献而言,以史籀为最。史籀是周宣王的史官,他别创新体,以趋简便。大篆又有籀文、籀篆、籀书、史书之称。因其为史籀所作,故世称"籀文"。大篆散见于《说文解字》和后人所收集的各种钟鼎彝器中。其中以周宣王时所作石鼓文最为著名。
3小篆
小篆又名秦篆,为秦朝丞相李斯等人所整理出的标准字体。由大篆简化而成。又名玉筋篆,因其具有笔力遒劲之意。小篆之形体结构规正协调,笔势匀圆整齐,偏旁也作了改换归并。与大篆相比较无象形性。从大篆到小篆的文字变革,其在中国文字史上具有极重大的意义(图5)。
(图5)
4隶书
从小篆向隶书演变的第一步,最显着的变化是从婉曲的钱条变为平直的笔画,从无 角变成有 角。 一般人认为隶书是指有波磔的、一横一捺都拖着像刻刀一样的长长尾巴的隶书,这只是其中的一种。隶书主要有秦隶和汉隶,秦隶是隶书的早期形式;汉隶则为隶书之成熟字体。通常所说的隶书是指汉隶中的"八分"而言(图6)。"八分"是在秦隶之后,渐生波磔。隶书发展到八分,已经是姿致成熟。隶书因其字较方正、厚实,故带有刚正不阿的严肃感(图7)。图8虽为英文字母,但其有菱有角的字体,有隶书的〃味道〃。
(图6) (图7) (图8)
5楷书
“楷书“又名真书、正书、今隶。如欧阳询、柳公权等碑帖之字属之。包含了古隶之方正、八分之遒美及章草之简捷等。这种字体一直沿用至今,被视为标准字体且为世人所喜爱。楷书有一种稳重而衍生出宁静之感;文字因个人书写的方式、性格之异,而有不同风格的同一字体(图9、10)。图11与宋徽宗的瘦金体同样是以细线条勾勒出文字,但因转折处以圆滑的方式表现,呈现出与瘦金体截然不同的视觉感。
(图9) (图10) (图11)
6行书
“行书”,是介于楷书与草书之间的,运笔自由的一种书(字)体。行书不同于隶、楷,其流动程度可以由书写者自由运用。行书表现出浪漫唯美的气息(图12)。
(图12)
7草书
“草书”,又称破草、今草,由篆书、八分、章草,沿袭多种古文字变化而成。草书本于章草,而章草又带有比较浓厚的隶书味道,因其多用于奏章而得名。章草进一步发展而成为"今草",即通常人们习称的"一笔书"。今草大部分较章草及行书更趋于简捷。草书给予观者豪放不羁、流畅之感(如图13、14、15)。
(图13)
(图14) (图15)
8印刷字体
印刷术发明后,为适应印刷,尤其是书刊印刷的需要,文字逐渐向适于印刷的方向发展,出现了横平竖直、方方正正的印刷字体—宋体。其发端于雕版印刷的黄金时代—宋朝,定型于明朝,故日本人称其为"明朝体"。由于宋体字适于印刷刻版,又适合人们在阅读时的视觉要求,是出版印刷使用的主要字体。
9电脑字体
随看文化事业的发展、科技的发展,在西方文字体的影响下,又出现了黑体、美术字体等多种新的字体,如海报(POP)体、综艺体、勘亭流、少女字体等,及更多的宋体之变形,如仿宋、扁宋等。并将各类汉字电脑化,运用的范围更加广泛。
From changjie untouched
The old legend pictophmetic changjie BC to 1400 years ago in oracle's found that Chinese scholar has been committed to the origin of Chinese characters uncover mysteries. About the origin of Chinese characters, ancient Chinese literature have various statement, such as "" line", "gossip", "pictures", "book pact, total recorded generally still has the legend of pictophmetic emperor historiographer changjie. Modern scholars think, into system text tool can't completely created by one person, indeed, changjie if should be issued by the text sifters have or. The earliest skinned symbols for dating by systematic investigation and 8,000 contrast throughout the mainland's 19 kinds of archaeological culture of the more than 100 sites in the clay unearthed semi-culture symbols, zhengzhou university doctoral tutor WangYunZhi think, China's earliest skinned symbols appear in henan wuyang GuHu sites, it has 8,000 years of history. The shang dynasty matured in words. Shang dynasty text information with doppler digging with bones, and the bronze ritual as the main carrier, is the earliest China so far found the mature text. The basic characters of shang text can be urinalysis characteristics are classified into four major categories: take human and human a certain part of the body characteristic of constitutive word for foundation; With labor creation and the object of labor for the basis of constitutive words; Take beast and livestock constitutive word of image for the foundation; Take the natural object to compose words based.
characteristics
The Chinese characters is the world's most ancient text, it is one of the written symbols records events. Gradually the form by graphics into the square shape by stroke constitute symbol, so Chinese character generally also called "Chinese". It consists of pictographs fractal characters) (table evolve into and table significance meaning, but the total system sound writing is still ideograms. Therefore, Chinese characters have set image, sound and quit three in one of the characteristics of righteousness. This feature in world text is unique, and therefore it has unique charm. The Chinese characters is the han nationality thousands of years culture heritage, also is our lifetime mentor, everyone's spiritual home. Chinese often can cause our beautiful and bold lenovo, give a person to enjoy.
汉字经过了6000多年的变化,其演变过程是:
甲骨文 → 金文 → 小篆 → 隶书 → 楷书 → 行书
(商) (周) (秦) (汉) (魏晋) 草书
以上的“甲金篆隶草楷行”七种字体称为 “汉字七体”
汉字的起源是一个未解之谜。说到汉字,不得不提甲骨文,得到考古支持的商代甲骨文最早出现在3300年前,这比古埃及的文字及两河流域的苏美尔文字都要晚近2000年。至今共发现了5000个以上的甲骨文单字,其中可以认识的约有1700字。从一定程度上讲,同样作为四大文明古国之一的中国,没有理由落于人后那么多!思索的同时,我们发现最早的甲骨文就已经有了一定程度的会意和形声成分,在这些甲骨文中,“会意字”不到80%,形声字占20%多。这与古代埃及人、苏美尔人等其他早期的象形文字有很大的不同。
有人认为中国古代的科技水平,远远不如古埃及、古希腊文明。在古埃及人早已经用巨大的石块建造宏大的金字塔时,中国却只有夯土建筑。在古埃及人已经在坚硬的石头上刻下精美的象形文字图案时,中国却只能在兽骨或龟甲上刻出粗糙的划痕。但是看看中国的甲骨文的抽象程度,却又远远高于古埃及那些具象的图形。似乎汉字直接跨越了早期象形文字的早期阶段,直接进入了一种更抽象的较高级阶段。汉字发展经历的象形阶段:表意—形声的途径中,象形阶段几乎没有,所谓的象形字在甲骨文阶段就已经被高度抽象了。后来,随着汉字的演变,汉字更不再是纯粹的表意文字了,当希腊人建造帕台侬神庙的精美雕塑,罗马人建立万神庙的巨大穹顶时,中国还只有秦汉时期夯土的长城,和陶制的殉葬兵马俑,但是秦朝的小篆已经是一种全国统一的规范文字了,汉朝的隶书与今天的汉字已很接近。无论是跳跃着前进的文字?
1甲骨文
秦统一文字前,中国的汉字,不论从字体、应用角度而言,还是混乱的。古文广义而言,其包括大篆在内的小篆以前的文字;狭义的讲,指中国文字史上大篆以前的文字。这里采用狭义的古文概念。古文包含甲骨文与金文;其中,前者被人们视为中国最早的定型文字。
甲骨文字:为商朝后期用写或刻的方式,在龟甲、兽骨上所留下的文字,其内容多为"卜辞",也有少数为"记事辞"。甲骨文大部分符合象形、会意的造字原则,形声字只占20%。其文字有刀刻的,有的填满朱砂,也有直接朱书墨书的。因文字多为图画文字中演变而成的,象形程度高,且一字多体,笔画不定。这说明中国的文字在殷商时期尚未统一。
殷代图像金文:先秦称铜为金,故铸刻在青铜器上的文字叫做金文,又叫钟鼎文、彝器款识。与甲骨文相比,金文象形程度更高,显示了更古的文字面貌。金文填实的写法,使形象生动逼真,浑厚自然。
甲骨文是商代书写的俗体,金文才是正体,显示了正体多繁,俗体趋简的印迹(如表二)。
(表二:甲骨、金文对照表)
甲骨文因多为刀刻在龟甲兽骨上,故其文字带有坚硬的笔法(如图3)。这种如刀刻的笔法,亦有被运用在现代平面设计上(如图4)。
(图3)(图4)
2大篆
在中国文字史上,夏、商、周三代,就其对文字学的贡献而言,以史籀为最。史籀是周宣王的史官,他别创新体,以趋简便。大篆又有籀文、籀篆、籀书、史书之称。因其为史籀所作,故世称"籀文"。大篆散见于《说文解字》和后人所收集的各种钟鼎彝器中。其中以周宣王时所作石鼓文最为著名。
3小篆
小篆又名秦篆,为秦朝丞相李斯等人所整理出的标准字体。由大篆简化而成。又名玉筋篆,因其具有笔力遒劲之意。小篆之形体结构规正协调,笔势匀圆整齐,偏旁也作了改换归并。与大篆相比较无象形性。从大篆到小篆的文字变革,其在中国文字史上具有极重大的意义(图5)。
(图5)
4隶书
从小篆向隶书演变的第一步,最显着的变化是从婉曲的钱条变为平直的笔画,从无 角变成有 角。 一般人认为隶书是指有波磔的、一横一捺都拖着像刻刀一样的长长尾巴的隶书,这只是其中的一种。隶书主要有秦隶和汉隶,秦隶是隶书的早期形式;汉隶则为隶书之成熟字体。通常所说的隶书是指汉隶中的"八分"而言(图6)。"八分"是在秦隶之后,渐生波磔。隶书发展到八分,已经是姿致成熟。隶书因其字较方正、厚实,故带有刚正不阿的严肃感(图7)。图8虽为英文字母,但其有菱有角的字体,有隶书的〃味道〃。
(图6) (图7) (图8)
5楷书
“楷书“又名真书、正书、今隶。如欧阳询、柳公权等碑帖之字属之。包含了古隶之方正、八分之遒美及章草之简捷等。这种字体一直沿用至今,被视为标准字体且为世人所喜爱。楷书有一种稳重而衍生出宁静之感;文字因个人书写的方式、性格之异,而有不同风格的同一字体(图9、10)。图11与宋徽宗的瘦金体同样是以细线条勾勒出文字,但因转折处以圆滑的方式表现,呈现出与瘦金体截然不同的视觉感。
(图9) (图10) (图11)
6行书
“行书”,是介于楷书与草书之间的,运笔自由的一种书(字)体。行书不同于隶、楷,其流动程度可以由书写者自由运用。行书表现出浪漫唯美的气息(图12)。
(图12)
7草书
“草书”,又称破草、今草,由篆书、八分、章草,沿袭多种古文字变化而成。草书本于章草,而章草又带有比较浓厚的隶书味道,因其多用于奏章而得名。章草进一步发展而成为"今草",即通常人们习称的"一笔书"。今草大部分较章草及行书更趋于简捷。草书给予观者豪放不羁、流畅之感(如图13、14、15)。
(图13)
(图14) (图15)
8印刷字体
印刷术发明后,为适应印刷,尤其是书刊印刷的需要,文字逐渐向适于印刷的方向发展,出现了横平竖直、方方正正的印刷字体—宋体。其发端于雕版印刷的黄金时代—宋朝,定型于明朝,故日本人称其为"明朝体"。由于宋体字适于印刷刻版,又适合人们在阅读时的视觉要求,是出版印刷使用的主要字体。
9电脑字体
随看文化事业的发展、科技的发展,在西方文字体的影响下,又出现了黑体、美术字体等多种新的字体,如海报(POP)体、综艺体、勘亭流、少女字体等,及更多的宋体之变形,如仿宋、扁宋等。并将各类汉字电脑化,运用的范围更加广泛。
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第1个回答 2011-03-26
Pi condition the law is the method of pronunciation feeling looks that concretely describes a certain word.For example 《Huai southern son?Geography Xun 》"its earth proper Shu, many Mao Xis".Say while noting "Mao":"Mao", Mou reads to very attentive, urgently annoy speech is get it."
Two, read if law, is also use a near word of tone phonetic alphabet, don't take into depiction.The e. man allows carefully all of the phonetic alphabets of《say a text solution word 》 is read if law, for example"Ao", female old call also, read if Ao.
Three, keep a tone law, is also use a homonym phonetic alphabet.Yang Xiong 《dialect 》 "so the sting ship calls of Gao", "Gao", pitch.Keep a tone law the phonetic alphabet contain corrupt practice, the word having is easy, but use the word that livings Pi very much phonetic alphabet, on the contrary don't get its tone.The phenomemon moreover still appeared to circulate to note with each other.
Four, the anti slice a law, is also the tone become another Chinese characters with two Chinese characters hybrids.The anti slices a word
Two, read if law, is also use a near word of tone phonetic alphabet, don't take into depiction.The e. man allows carefully all of the phonetic alphabets of《say a text solution word 》 is read if law, for example"Ao", female old call also, read if Ao.
Three, keep a tone law, is also use a homonym phonetic alphabet.Yang Xiong 《dialect 》 "so the sting ship calls of Gao", "Gao", pitch.Keep a tone law the phonetic alphabet contain corrupt practice, the word having is easy, but use the word that livings Pi very much phonetic alphabet, on the contrary don't get its tone.The phenomemon moreover still appeared to circulate to note with each other.
Four, the anti slice a law, is also the tone become another Chinese characters with two Chinese characters hybrids.The anti slices a word
第2个回答 2011-03-21
344w54w
第3个回答 2011-03-19
山,means the mountain,