英语：动词+doing sth.和动词+to do sth.的区别在哪里？

to
do
一般表示将来时，doing一般表示过去或者现在正在做的比如说stop
doing
sth.
和
stop
to
do
sth.doing
表示正在做的，翻译成：停止手中正在做的事to
do
表示去做某事（将来）
翻译成：
停止手中的是，去做某事
这个问题其实说起来也简单也复杂，要想把to
do和doing解释清楚，必须把它们的理论源头解释清楚，to
do逻辑时间为将来，就是将去做某事是一个概念，比如将干某事是好事，而doing也是个类名词，也是一个概念，但是时间可能是过去、现在和将来。比如like
to
do和like
doing都是表示爱好，为什么？因为to
do和doing都是概念，所以从大的方面讲肯定是爱好，但是意境却有点区别，前者没有后者形象，所以我们表示爱好的时候一般都用后者。而很多人把to
do解释为一次性动作是不可取的。他们先说都表示爱好，然后说to
do表示一次性动作，一次性动作能表示爱好？！真是拿自己的矛戳自己的盾。再比如remember
to
do表示记住去做某事，时间为将来。remember
doing表示做过后悔了，时间为过去。
一般情况下，to
do
是一般将来式,是打算去做什么
；doing
是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么，也有例外，具体情况具体分析。
下面是有关该问题的习题讲解，希望有所帮助。
to
do和doing
意义各不同(习题讲解)
1
stop
doing/to
do
stop
to
do
停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop
doing
停止做某事。
They
stop
to
smoke
a
cigarette.
他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I
must
stop
smoking.
我必须戒烟了。
典型例题
She
reached
the
top
of
the
hill
and
stopped
___
on
a
big
rock
by
the
side
of
the
path.
A.
to
have
rested
B.
resting
C.
to
rest
D.
rest
答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop
doing
sth.不正确。
2
forget
doing/to
do
forget
to
do
忘记要去做某事。
(未做)
forget
doing
忘记做过某事。
(已做)
The
light
in
the
office
is
stil
on.
He
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He
forgot
turning
the
light
off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。
(
已做过关灯的动作)
Don't
forget
to
come
tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。
(to
come动作未做)
典型例题
----
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.
----
Oh，I
forgot___.
A.
turning
it
off
B.
turn
it
off
C.
to
turn
it
off
D.
having
turned
it
off
答案：C。由the
light
is
still
on
可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget
to
do
sth.
而forget
doing
sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
3
remember
doing/to
do
remember
to
do
记得去做某事
(未做)
remember
doing
记得做过某事
(已做)
Remember
to
go
to
the
post
office
after
school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't
you
remember
seeing
the
man
before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4
regret
doing/to
do
regret
to
do
对要做的事遗憾。
(未做)
regret
doing
对做过的事遗憾、后悔。
(已做)
I
regret
to
have
to
do
this,
but
I
have
no
choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I
don't
regret
telling
her
what
I
thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
典型例题
---You
were
brave
enough
to
raise
objections
at
the
meeting.
---Well,
now
I
regret
___
that.
A.
to
do
B.
to
be
doing
C.
to
have
done
D.
having
done
答案：D。regret
having
done
sth.
对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret
to
do
sth.
对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。
5
cease
doing/to
do
cease
to
do
长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
cease
doing
短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。
That
department
has
ceased
to
exist
forever.
那个部门已不复存在。
The
girls
ceased
chatting
for
a
moment
when
their
teacher
passed
by.
姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
6
try
doing/to
do
try
to
do
努力，企图做某事。
try
doing
试验，试着做某事。
You
must
try
to
be
more
careful.
你可要多加小心。
I
tried
gardening
but
didn't
succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
7
go
on
doing/to
do
go
on
to
do
做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go
on
doing
继续做原来做的事。
After
he
had
finished
his
maths，he
went
on
to
do
his
physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go
on
doing
the
other
exercise
after
you
have
finished
this
one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8
be
afraid
doing/to
do
be
afraid
to
do
不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；
be
afraid
of
doing
担心出现doing的状况、结果。
doing
是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。
She
was
afraid
to
step
further
in
grass
because
she
was
afraid
of
being
bitten
by
a
snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She
was
afraid
to
wake
her
husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She
was
afraid
of
waking
her
husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
9
be
interested
doing/to
do
interested
to
do
对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested
in
doing
对某种想法感兴趣，doing
通常为想法。
I
shall
be
interested
to
know
what
happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。
(想了解)
I'm
interested
in
working
in
Switzerland.
Do
you
have
any
idea
about
that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?
(一种想法)
10
mean
to
doing/to
do
mean
to
do
打算、想
mean
doing
意味着
I
mean
to
go,
but
my
father
would
not
allow
me
to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To
raise
wage
means
increasing
purchasing
power.
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
11
begin(start)
doing/to
do
begin
/
start
to
do
sth
begin
/
start
doing
sth.
1)
谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How
old
were
you
when
you
first
started
playing
the
piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2)
begin,
start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to
do
I
was
beginning
to
get
angry。
我开始生起气来。
3)
在attempt,
intend,
begin,
start
后接know,
understand,
realize这类动词时，常用不定式to
do。
I
begin
to
understand
the
truth。
我开始明白真相。
4)
物作主语时
It
began
to
melt.
12
感官动词
+
doing/to
do
感官动词
see,
watch,
observe,
notice,
look
at,
hear,
listen
to,
smell,
taste,
feel
+
do
表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing
表示动作的连续性，进行性
I
saw
him
work
in
the
garden
yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I
saw
him
working
in
the
garden
yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
典型例题
1）They
knew
her
very
well.
They
had
seen
her
___
up
from
childhood.
A.
grow
B.
grew
C.
was
growing
D.
to
grow
答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see
sb
do
sth
的句型。
2）The
missing
boy
was
last
seen
___
near
the
river.
A.
playing
B.
to
be
playing
C.
play
D.
to
play
答案A.
本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see
sb.
doing
sth句型。

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