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虽然我国现行法引入了异议登记制度,但具体的立法条文不尽完善。本文通过借鉴国外的先进立法经验,并结合不动产登记相关制度,对异议登记制度的相关问题进行系统和深入的剖析,希望能在现有法律制度框架之下提出一些对不动产异议登记制度有用的看法。
全文除导言和总结外,共分为四个部分。
第一部分是异议登记的生效要件。参考德国、瑞士等异议登记制度发展成熟的国家,异议的登记可基于不同的发生方式,如依法院假处分命令或由登记机关依职权进行。其中利害关系人申请异议登记的必须满足如下生效要件,即有初步证据证明“登记不正确”,具备利害关系人的主体资格,登记提起的时间必须先于能够发生公信力的登记时间。
第二部分是异议登记的法律效力。异议登记的法律效力可以从四个方面进行阐述,分别是异议登记的基础效力,异议登记对第三人的效力,异议登记对登记权利人的效力,及异议登记对真正权利人的效力。其中比较有争议的是异议登记的效力实现方式,目前学者对异议登记导致公信力阻断有事先和事后阻断两种不同观点。本文以为一项新的制度必须与现有体系的相关制度产生一种无矛盾的脉络关联,因此,采取事后阻断方式来实现登记公信力的效力更为恰当。
第三部分是异议登记的消灭。异议登记的消灭是指因为法定原因使异议登记的存在基础消灭,从而丧失法律效力。结合《土地登记办法》第61条和《房屋登记办法》第79条[同注释26。]规定,这些原因主要有:1、登记错误消除;2、受保全权利的消灭;3、异议登记存续期间届满;4、异议登记申请人自愿同意注销;5、异议登记被法院撤销或认定为不正确。
第四部分是异议登记不当的损害赔偿责任。从《物权法》第19条第2款和《物权法》第21条规定可以看出,[《物权法》第19条第2款规定:“异议登记不当,造成权利人损害的,权利人可以向申请人请求损害赔偿。”《物权法》第21条规定:“当事人提供虚假材料申请登记,给他人造成损害的,应当承担赔偿责任。因登记错误,给他人造成损害的,登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。登记机构赔偿后,可以向造成登记错误的人追偿。”]异议登记不当的赔偿责任主要包括两个方面:一是异议登记申请人的损害赔偿责任;二是登记机关的损害赔偿责任。这里的损害赔偿责任应属于侵权损害赔偿责任,因此要求责任主体承担赔偿责任必须满足侵权行为的构成要件。此外,在登记错误引起的赔偿诉讼中可将赔偿金引入赔偿机制中,以更好的保护真实权利人的合法权益。
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Although perfect.this introduces the dissidence registration system, but the specific legislative provisions imperfect.
本文通过借鉴国外的先进立法经验,并结合不动产登记相关制度,对异议登记制度的相关问题进行系统和深入的剖析,希望能在现有法律制度框架之下提出一些对不动产异议登记制度有用的看法。
This article through the reference of foreign advanced legislation experience and combining to relevant regulations, the registration of the dissidence registration system related issues system and in-depth analysis, hope to be in the existing legal system framework for real estate objection put forward some useful opinions registration system.
全文除导言和总结外,共分为四个部分。
Except the preamble and summarize the text, is divided into four parts altogether.
第一部分是异议登记的生效要件。
The first part is the dissidence registration, effective elements.
参考德国、瑞士等异议登记制度发展成熟的国家,异议的登记可基于不同的发生方式,如依法院假处分命令或由登记机关依职权进行。
Reference Germany, Switzerland dissidence registration system developed countries, an objection to the registration can be based on different ways, as happened in accordance with the command or false sanctions by the hospital authority in accordance with authority for registration.
其中利害关系人申请异议登记的必须满足如下生效要件,即有初步证据证明“登记不正确”,具备利害关系人的主体资格,登记提起的时间必须先于能够发生公信力的登记时间。
Interested parties apply for dissidence registration of the must satisfy the following requirements, namely have effective preliminary evidence "registration is not correct," the subject qualification with stakeholders, the registration time must be brought before can happen credibility check-in time.
第二部分是异议登记的法律效力。
The second part is the legal effect of the dissidence registration.
异议登记的法律效力可以从四个方面进行阐述,分别是异议登记的基础效力,异议登记对第三人的效力,异议登记对登记权利人的效力,及异议登记对真正权利人的效力。
The legal effect of the dissidence registration can be discussed from four aspects respectively the dissidence registration based effect is to the third party, the validity of the dissidence registration to the obligee, the dissidence registration, and the effectiveness of the dissidence registration holder of the validity of the real.
其中比较有争议的是异议登记的效力实现方式,目前学者对异议登记导致公信力阻断有事先和事后阻断两种不同观点。
One more controversially dissidence registration, the effectiveness of current realization scholars on the dissidence registration prior and blocking have caused credibility after two different viewpoints. Block
本文以为一项新的制度必须与现有体系的相关制度产生一种无矛盾的脉络关联,因此,采取事后阻断方式来实现登记公信力的效力更为恰当。
This paper thinks a new system with the existing system must be relevant system to produce a no contradiction, therefore, the context associated event blocking way to realize take more properly registered the effectiveness of credibility.
第三部分是异议登记的消灭。
The third part is the dissidence registration consumed.
异议登记的消灭是指因为法定原因使异议登记的存在基础消灭,从而丧失法律效力。
The extermination of dissidence registration refers to legal makes the dissidence registration because the existing basis and destroyed to lose legal effect.
结合《土地登记办法》第61条和《房屋登记办法》第79条[同注释26。]
Combined with the land registration method "the 61st and" the building registration method "article 79.] [with comments 26
规定,这些原因主要有:1、登记错误消除;
Regulation, these reasons are: 1, the registration mistake eliminated;
2、受保全权利的消灭;
2, the destroy by security rights;
3、异议登记存续期间届满;
3 and duration of the dissidence registration expires;
4、异议登记申请人自愿同意注销;
4, the dissidence registration applicant voluntary cancellation;
5、异议登记被法院撤销或认定为不正确。
5, the dissidence registration revoked or by the court is not considered correct.
第四部分是异议登记不当的损害赔偿责任。
The fourth part is the dissidence registration is improper damage liability to pay compensation.
从《物权法》第19条第2款和《物权法》第21条规定可以看出,[《物权法》第19条第2款规定:“异议登记不当,造成权利人损害的,权利人可以向申请人请求损害赔偿。”《物权法》第21条规定:“当事人提供虚假材料申请登记,给他人造成损害的,应当承担赔偿责任。因登记错误,给他人造成损害的,登记机构应当承担赔偿责任。登记机构赔偿后,可以向造成登记错误的人追偿。”]异议登记不当的赔偿责任主要包括两个方面:一是异议登记申请人的损害赔偿责任;
From "matter right law" in paragraph 2 of article 19 of the law and the 21st regulation can see, [" matter right law "in paragraph 2 of article 19 of the regulations:" the dissidence registration is improper, causing damages to the right holder, the right holder may require the applicant to compensate for damages. "" matter right law" the 21st regulation: "the parties to provide false materials for applying for registration and causes damage to others, shall bear the liability for compensation. For the registration mistake and causes damages to any other person, the registration organ shall be liable for compensation. The registration organ may, after making the compensation, the person who causes the registration mistake."] recover the dissidence registration is improper liability mainly includes two aspects: one is the dissidence registration, the liability for damages;
二是登记机关的损害赔偿责任。
2 it is registration organ damage liability to pay compensation.
这里的损害赔偿责任应属于侵权损害赔偿责任,因此要求责任主体承担赔偿责任必须满足侵权行为的构成要件。
Here's liability for damages shall belong to the tort liability for damages, so requirements shall bear the liability for compensation liability subject must meet tort constituents.
此外,在登记错误引起的赔偿诉讼中可将赔偿金引入赔偿机制中,以更好的保护真实权利人的合法权益。
In addition, in a suit for damages caused by the registration mistake in the compensation mechanism can be introduced in damages, in order to better protect the real person's legitimate rights and interests.