英语语法疑惑啊

这个问题与时态关系不大，而是与结束性动词和延续性动词有联系。
英语中的动词根据其持续时间的长短，分为两类，一类叫结束性动词（也叫短暂性动词，非延续性动词），该动作发生后马上结束，持续时间非常短，如 close, shut, open, go, leave, come, buy, join, catch 等等，这些动词肯定形式一般不跟一段时间连用。例如，你可以说，I closed the door. He has bought a bike. I have caught a bad cold. 但你不能说，I closed the door for ten minutes. 也不能说 I have caught a bad cold for a week. 因为该动作不能延续这么长时间。
另一类动词叫延续性动词（也叫持续性动词），该动作发生后，可以延续一段时间，如 be, have, work, play, live, know 等等。例句：I have had a bad cold for a week. He has been away for two days. I have known him for ten years.
我们学英语时受汉语影响，经常会把结束性动词与一段时间连用，只要注意是可以避免的，我们只要用相应的延续性动词替换就可以了。如果要说“我买这辆自行车已经三年了。”
错误说法是：I have bought this bike for three years.（这里不管你用什么时态，都是错的。）
正确说法有：I have had this bike for three years. I bought this bike three years ago .
另外，否定句也正确，因为否定句表示“该结束性动作不结束的状态”可以延续，
I haven't bought a bike for three years. (该句正确，但 the 换成了 a ）
明白了结束性动词和延续性动词的区别后，你就能看懂下列例句：
I studied English for ten years. （我过去学了十年英语。一般过去时，正确。）
I have studied English for ten years. （到现在为止我已经学了十年英语。现在完成时，正确。）
I had studied English for ten years before I studied abroad.（在我出国留学前，我已学了十年英语。had studied 过去完成时，正确。）
再来看你的提问， I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can't get rid of it.
一定要把 caught 改为 had 才正确。如果把 have 改成 had 是不正确的。
另一动词 know 是延续性动词，“知道，了解”这种状态可以延续。
希望对你有帮助。追问

再来看你的提问， I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can't get rid of it.
一定要把 caught 改为 had 才正确。如果把 have 改成 had 是不正确的。
为什么你想表达的意思是？、
不管是现在完成时还是过去完成时，在肯定句子里面不能跟段时间连用？
所以不能用I had caught a bad cold for a week and I can't get rid of it.吗？

追答

结束性动词不能延续，在肯定句中不与段时间连用，不管这个时候结束性动词用什么时态。

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