如题所述
中国武术又称“国术”或“武艺”，是中国传统体育项目。其内容是把踢、打、摔、拿、跌、击、劈、刺等动作按照一定规律组成徒手的和器械的各种攻防格斗功夫、套路和单势练习。中国武术不仅是一种中国传统的体育运动形式，而且是一个完整的文化意识形态，它涵容了中国古典哲学、伦理学、美学，医学、兵学等中国传统文化的各种成分和要素，渗透着中国传统文化的精髓。武术具有极其广泛的群众基础，是中国人民在长期的社会实践中不断积累和丰富起来的一项宝贵的文化遗产。
武术最初作为军事训练手段，与古代军事斗争紧密相连，其技击的特性是显而易见的。在实用中，其目的在于杀伤、制服对方，它常常以最有效的技击方法，迫使对方失去反抗能力。这些技击术至今仍在军队、公安中被采用。武术作为体育运动，技术上仍不失攻防技击的特性、而是将技击寓于搏斗运动与套路运动之中。搏斗运动集中体现了武术攻防格斗的特点，在技术上与实用技击基本上是一致的，但是从体育的观念出发，它受到竞赛规则的制约，以不伤害对方为原则。如在散手中对武术中有些传统的实用技击方法作了限制，而且严格规定了击打部位和保护护具，短兵中使用的器具也作了相应的变化，而推手则是在特殊的技术规定下进行竞技对抗的。因此，可以说武术的搏斗运动具有很强的攻防技击性，但又与实用技击有所区别。
中国武术分类有以地区划分的，有以山脉、河流划分的，有以姓氏或内外家划分的，也有按技术特点划分的。按其运动形式可分为：套路运动和搏斗运动两大类。套路运动，是以技击动作为素材，以攻守进退、动静疾徐、刚柔虚实等运动的变化规律编成的整套练习形式。套路运动按练习形式又可分为单练、对练和集体演练三种类型。单练包括徒手的拳术与器械。对练包括徒手的对练、器械对练、徒手与器械对练。集体演练分徒手的拳术、器械或徒手与器械。
武术最初作为军事训练手段，与古代军事斗争紧密相连，其技击的特性是显而易见的。在实用中，其目的在于杀伤、制服对方，它常常以最有效的技击方法，迫使对方失去反抗能力。这些技击术至今仍在军队、公安中被采用。武术作为体育运动，技术上仍不失攻防技击的特性、而是将技击寓于搏斗运动与套路运动之中。搏斗运动集中体现了武术攻防格斗的特点，在技术上与实用技击基本上是一致的，但是从体育的观念出发，它受到竞赛规则的制约，以不伤害对方为原则。如在散手中对武术中有些传统的实用技击方法作了限制，而且严格规定了击打部位和保护护具，短兵中使用的器具也作了相应的变化，而推手则是在特殊的技术规定下进行竞技对抗的。因此，可以说武术的搏斗运动具有很强的攻防技击性，但又与实用技击有所区别。
中国武术分类有以地区划分的，有以山脉、河流划分的，有以姓氏或内外家划分的，也有按技术特点划分的。按其运动形式可分为：套路运动和搏斗运动两大类。套路运动，是以技击动作为素材，以攻守进退、动静疾徐、刚柔虚实等运动的变化规律编成的整套练习形式。套路运动按练习形式又可分为单练、对练和集体演练三种类型。单练包括徒手的拳术与器械。对练包括徒手的对练、器械对练、徒手与器械对练。集体演练分徒手的拳术、器械或徒手与器械。
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第1个回答 2013-10-20
Welcome to Chinese Kongfu!
Wushu(Kongfu) is also called national skill or feat, it is a kind of Chinese traditional sport item. It contains series of actions and many single action to fit kick, strike, tumble, hold, fall, cleave…together in some certain rules. It has wide foundation during the mass, it is an precious and varied culture bequest which Chinese accumulate during the long social practice.
The beginning of Wushu(Kongfu) may come back to primitive society. At that time, men began to fight against the beasts with the primitive tools like sticks as weapons in order to protect themselves and get living things. Later they made weapons with more execution for getting others’ fortune. So more weapons were made and the skills of fight were also improved during the war.
In Yin and Shang Dynasty, some coppery weapons like spears, daggers, halberds, axes, swords broadswords had come out. Meanwhile how to use these weapons appeared, too.
In Chunqiu and War Periods, with the development of ironware and the rising of footmen and cavalrymen, weapons’ handles were changed into short ones, short ones into long ones in the war. Then there were so many kinds of weapons, and the characteristic of attack was more extrusive. And people also attached importance to it.
Wushu(Kongfu) is also called national skill or feat, it is a kind of Chinese traditional sport item. It contains series of actions and many single action to fit kick, strike, tumble, hold, fall, cleave…together in some certain rules. It has wide foundation during the mass, it is an precious and varied culture bequest which Chinese accumulate during the long social practice.
The beginning of Wushu(Kongfu) may come back to primitive society. At that time, men began to fight against the beasts with the primitive tools like sticks as weapons in order to protect themselves and get living things. Later they made weapons with more execution for getting others’ fortune. So more weapons were made and the skills of fight were also improved during the war.
In Yin and Shang Dynasty, some coppery weapons like spears, daggers, halberds, axes, swords broadswords had come out. Meanwhile how to use these weapons appeared, too.
In Chunqiu and War Periods, with the development of ironware and the rising of footmen and cavalrymen, weapons’ handles were changed into short ones, short ones into long ones in the war. Then there were so many kinds of weapons, and the characteristic of attack was more extrusive. And people also attached importance to it.
