如题所述
include是动词，可以在句中充当谓语。 如楼主第一个例句：The price【主语】 for the hotel 【（修饰主语的后置）定语】 includes【谓语】 breakfast【宾语】.
而including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当做介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括...在内”。 如楼主的第二个例句：There are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit,coffee and ice. 再如：There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.
同样，included也有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included. 所以上个例句亦可写成：There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.
拓展资料：Contain 与include 辨析
一、contain, vt.包含，含有；装有；容纳（hold）；…里面有（have sth. within itself）[本词侧重“内有”]
① Their diet contains a lot of fat.(1.B.p2) 他们的食物含有大量的脂肪。
② Sea water contains salt. 海水含有盐分。
③ This box contains soap. 这只箱子装有肥皂。
④ This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含你需要的一切资料（部分资料，不可能是全部资料）。
⑤ How much does this bottle contain? 这瓶子能装多少？
二、include, vt. 包含；包括，包括…在内；计入，算入 [本词侧重宾语所述的物或人是整体的一部分<have sth. as a part of the whole>]
① Your book on printing has not been included in the list of new books.
你那本论述印刷的书不包括在新书的目录里。
② I included eggs on the list of things to buy. 我把蛋包括在购物单内。
③ This book includes ten short stories. 这本书包含10个短篇故事（这本书全部共10个短篇故事）。
④ My uncle gave me five books, including a dictionary / a dictionary included.
我叔叔给我5本书，包括一本词典。
⑤ Six students were playing table tennis, including two girls.
有6位学生在打乒乓球，包括2位女生。
进一步点拨：
A. include 着重"被包含者只是整体中的一部分"。include 则只是包含一部分。
B. contain 着重"内有"，作及物动词是"包含；包括；能容纳，能装入。contain 可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。
根据以上A、B两点进一步分析以上各例句，可进一步理解二词的用法区别。试对比较下列例句：
①His school bag contains a lot of books, including a cartoon book.他的书包里有两本书，包括一本动画书。：
②The parcel contained a dictionary . 那包裹里装的是一本字典。
③The parcel included a dictionary . 那包裹里也包括了一本字典。
④The tour includes a visit to Paris . 这次旅行包括游览巴黎。
⑤The basket contains a variety of fruits . 这篮子装有各种水果。
三、including , included可以作介词
①Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth, including my mother.
② Many women were waiting to buy that kind of cloth ,my mother included.
