如题所述
Matlab是强大的工具，是众所周知的画图仿真工具；
Matlab不仅可以画柱状图，饼状图，曲线图，直方图等二维图型；而且可以画三维或多维图。
这里主要介绍在柱状图和饼状图内填充条纹，由于Matlab画图工具箱内无填充工具，这里主要通过命令来实现。
导入几组数据，通过命令得到柱状图或者饼状图。 示例：以导入txt文件格式为例；
弹出柱状图界面和饼状图界面。 可见，柱状图和饼状图为彩色图片，有时我们不要彩色图片，要黑白图像。 对黑白图像如何区分不同类别的数据，就需要往图像里面填充不同的条纹。
打开编辑—图形属性， 更改自己所需要的字体，坐标轴范围，图例，线宽等； 也可用命令修改，如：
下面就是重点：如何把上述图像转换成黑白图像，并填充不同条纹。 首先，创建名为“applyhatch.m”的函数脚本。 在同一路径下。 代码如下：——复制即可。 function applyhatch(h,patterns,colorlist) %APPLYHATCH Apply hatched patterns to a figure %APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS) creates a new figure from the figure H by %replacing distinct colors in H with the black and white %patterns in PATTERNS. The format for PATTERNS can be %a string of the characters '/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', '.' %a cell array of matrices of zeros (white) and ones (black) % %APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS,COLORS) maps the colors in the n by 3 %matrix COLORS to PATTERNS. Each row of COLORS specifies an RGB %color value. % %Note this function makes a bitmap image of H and so is limited %to low-resolution, bitmap output. % %Example 1: %bar(rand(3,4)); %applyhatch(gcf,'\-x.'); % %Example 2: %colormap(cool(6)); %pie(rand(6,1)); %legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun'); %applyhatch(gcf,'|-+.\/',cool(6)); % %See also: MAKEHATCH %By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com %This code is in the public domain. oldppmode = get(h,'paperpositionmode'); oldunits = get(h,'units'); set(h,'paperpositionmode','auto'); set(h,'units','pixels'); figsize = get(h,'position'); if nargin == 2 colorlist = []; end bits = hardcopy(h,'-dzbuffer','-r0'); set(h,'paperpositionmode',oldppmode); bwidth = size(bits,2); bheight = size(bits,1); bsize = bwidth * bheight; if ~isempty(colorlist) colorlist = uint8(255*colorlist); [colors,colori] = nextnonbw(0,colorlist,bits); else colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ... (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3)); end pati = 1; colorind = find(colors); while ~isempty(colorind) colorval(1) = bits(colorind(1)); colorval(2) = bits(colorind(1)+bsize); colorval(3) = bits(colorind(1)+2*bsize); if iscell(patterns) pattern = patterns{pati}; elseif isa(patterns,'char') pattern = makehatch(patterns(pati)); else pattern = patterns; end pattern = uint8(255*(1-pattern)); pheight = size(pattern,2); pwidth = size(pattern,1); ratioh = ceil(bheight/pheight); ratiow = ceil(bwidth/pwidth); bigpattern = repmat(pattern,[ratioh ratiow]); if ratioh*pheight bheight bigpattern(bheight+1:end,:) = []; end if ratiow*pwidth bwidth bigpattern(:,bwidth+1:end) = []; end bigpattern = repmat(bigpattern,[1 1 3]); color = (bits(:,:,1) == colorval(1)) ... (bits(:,:,2) == colorval(2)) ... (bits(:,:,3) == colorval(3)); color = repmat(color,[1 1 3]); bits(color) = bigpattern(color); if ~isempty(colorlist) [colors,colori] = nextnonbw(colori,colorlist,bits); else colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ... (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3)); end colorind = find(colors); pati = (pati + 1); if pati length(patterns) pati = 1; end end newfig = figure('units','pixels','visible','off'); imaxes = axes('parent',newfig,'units','pixels'); im = image(bits,'parent',imaxes); fpos = get(newfig,'position'); set(newfig,'position',[fpos(1:2) figsize(3) figsize(4)+1]); set(imaxes,'position',[0 0 figsize(3) figsize(4)+1],'visible','off'); set(newfig,'visible','on'); function [colors,out] = nextnonbw(ind,colorlist,bits) out = ind+1; colors = []; while out = size(colorlist,1) if isequal(colorlist(out,:),[255 255 255]) | ... isequal(colorlist(out,:),[0 0 0]) out = out+1; else colors = (colorlist(out,1) == bits(:,:,1)) ... (colorlist(out,2) == bits(:,:,2)) ... (colorlist(out,3) == bits(:,:,3)); return end end %而applyhatch函数需要调用下面的函数 function A = makehatch(hatch) %MAKEHATCH Predefined hatch patterns %MAKEHATCH(HATCH) returns a matrix with the hatch pattern for HATCH %according to the following table: %HATCHpattern %---------------- %/right-slanted lines %\left-slanted lines %|vertical lines %-horizontal lines %+crossing vertical and horizontal lines %xcriss-crossing lines %.single dots % %See also: APPLYHATCH %By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com %This code is in the public domain. n = 6; A=zeros(n); switch (hatch) case '/' A = fliplr(eye(n)); case '\' A = eye(n); case '|' A(:,1) = 1; case '-' A(1,:) = 1; case '+' A(:,1) = 1; A(1,:) = 1; case 'x' A = eye(n) | fliplr(diag(ones(n-1,1),-1)); case '.' A(1:2,1:2)=1; otherwise error(['Undefined hatch pattern "' hatch '".']); end
柱状填充图和饼状填充图，画图命令如下： a=importdata('xxx.txt'); b=importdata('xxx.txt'); c=importdata('xxx.txt'); d=[a,b,c]; bar(d); 警告: MATLAB 已通过改用 OpenGL 软件禁用了某些高级的图形渲染功能。欲了解有关详细信息，请点击此处。 figure(2) pie(d); axis([0 11 0.0 22]); legend('方法1','方法2','方法3'); set(gcf,'color','white'); applyhatch(gcf,'x+\.');
结果：不同条纹填充结果 柱状图和饼状图 如图所示：
Matlab不仅可以画柱状图，饼状图，曲线图，直方图等二维图型；而且可以画三维或多维图。
这里主要介绍在柱状图和饼状图内填充条纹，由于Matlab画图工具箱内无填充工具，这里主要通过命令来实现。
导入几组数据，通过命令得到柱状图或者饼状图。 示例：以导入txt文件格式为例；
弹出柱状图界面和饼状图界面。 可见，柱状图和饼状图为彩色图片，有时我们不要彩色图片，要黑白图像。 对黑白图像如何区分不同类别的数据，就需要往图像里面填充不同的条纹。
打开编辑—图形属性， 更改自己所需要的字体，坐标轴范围，图例，线宽等； 也可用命令修改，如：
下面就是重点：如何把上述图像转换成黑白图像，并填充不同条纹。 首先，创建名为“applyhatch.m”的函数脚本。 在同一路径下。 代码如下：——复制即可。 function applyhatch(h,patterns,colorlist) %APPLYHATCH Apply hatched patterns to a figure %APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS) creates a new figure from the figure H by %replacing distinct colors in H with the black and white %patterns in PATTERNS. The format for PATTERNS can be %a string of the characters '/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x', '.' %a cell array of matrices of zeros (white) and ones (black) % %APPLYHATCH(H,PATTERNS,COLORS) maps the colors in the n by 3 %matrix COLORS to PATTERNS. Each row of COLORS specifies an RGB %color value. % %Note this function makes a bitmap image of H and so is limited %to low-resolution, bitmap output. % %Example 1: %bar(rand(3,4)); %applyhatch(gcf,'\-x.'); % %Example 2: %colormap(cool(6)); %pie(rand(6,1)); %legend('Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun'); %applyhatch(gcf,'|-+.\/',cool(6)); % %See also: MAKEHATCH %By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com %This code is in the public domain. oldppmode = get(h,'paperpositionmode'); oldunits = get(h,'units'); set(h,'paperpositionmode','auto'); set(h,'units','pixels'); figsize = get(h,'position'); if nargin == 2 colorlist = []; end bits = hardcopy(h,'-dzbuffer','-r0'); set(h,'paperpositionmode',oldppmode); bwidth = size(bits,2); bheight = size(bits,1); bsize = bwidth * bheight; if ~isempty(colorlist) colorlist = uint8(255*colorlist); [colors,colori] = nextnonbw(0,colorlist,bits); else colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ... (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3)); end pati = 1; colorind = find(colors); while ~isempty(colorind) colorval(1) = bits(colorind(1)); colorval(2) = bits(colorind(1)+bsize); colorval(3) = bits(colorind(1)+2*bsize); if iscell(patterns) pattern = patterns{pati}; elseif isa(patterns,'char') pattern = makehatch(patterns(pati)); else pattern = patterns; end pattern = uint8(255*(1-pattern)); pheight = size(pattern,2); pwidth = size(pattern,1); ratioh = ceil(bheight/pheight); ratiow = ceil(bwidth/pwidth); bigpattern = repmat(pattern,[ratioh ratiow]); if ratioh*pheight bheight bigpattern(bheight+1:end,:) = []; end if ratiow*pwidth bwidth bigpattern(:,bwidth+1:end) = []; end bigpattern = repmat(bigpattern,[1 1 3]); color = (bits(:,:,1) == colorval(1)) ... (bits(:,:,2) == colorval(2)) ... (bits(:,:,3) == colorval(3)); color = repmat(color,[1 1 3]); bits(color) = bigpattern(color); if ~isempty(colorlist) [colors,colori] = nextnonbw(colori,colorlist,bits); else colors = (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,2)) | ... (bits(:,:,1) ~= bits(:,:,3)); end colorind = find(colors); pati = (pati + 1); if pati length(patterns) pati = 1; end end newfig = figure('units','pixels','visible','off'); imaxes = axes('parent',newfig,'units','pixels'); im = image(bits,'parent',imaxes); fpos = get(newfig,'position'); set(newfig,'position',[fpos(1:2) figsize(3) figsize(4)+1]); set(imaxes,'position',[0 0 figsize(3) figsize(4)+1],'visible','off'); set(newfig,'visible','on'); function [colors,out] = nextnonbw(ind,colorlist,bits) out = ind+1; colors = []; while out = size(colorlist,1) if isequal(colorlist(out,:),[255 255 255]) | ... isequal(colorlist(out,:),[0 0 0]) out = out+1; else colors = (colorlist(out,1) == bits(:,:,1)) ... (colorlist(out,2) == bits(:,:,2)) ... (colorlist(out,3) == bits(:,:,3)); return end end %而applyhatch函数需要调用下面的函数 function A = makehatch(hatch) %MAKEHATCH Predefined hatch patterns %MAKEHATCH(HATCH) returns a matrix with the hatch pattern for HATCH %according to the following table: %HATCHpattern %---------------- %/right-slanted lines %\left-slanted lines %|vertical lines %-horizontal lines %+crossing vertical and horizontal lines %xcriss-crossing lines %.single dots % %See also: APPLYHATCH %By Ben Hinkle, bhinkle@mathworks.com %This code is in the public domain. n = 6; A=zeros(n); switch (hatch) case '/' A = fliplr(eye(n)); case '\' A = eye(n); case '|' A(:,1) = 1; case '-' A(1,:) = 1; case '+' A(:,1) = 1; A(1,:) = 1; case 'x' A = eye(n) | fliplr(diag(ones(n-1,1),-1)); case '.' A(1:2,1:2)=1; otherwise error(['Undefined hatch pattern "' hatch '".']); end
柱状填充图和饼状填充图，画图命令如下： a=importdata('xxx.txt'); b=importdata('xxx.txt'); c=importdata('xxx.txt'); d=[a,b,c]; bar(d); 警告: MATLAB 已通过改用 OpenGL 软件禁用了某些高级的图形渲染功能。欲了解有关详细信息，请点击此处。 figure(2) pie(d); axis([0 11 0.0 22]); legend('方法1','方法2','方法3'); set(gcf,'color','white'); applyhatch(gcf,'x+\.');
结果：不同条纹填充结果 柱状图和饼状图 如图所示：
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