用所给词的适当形式填空。

如何做用所给词的适当形式填空
用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。
解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤： 1.明确所给词的词性 2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空白处所需的词性 4.正确写出所填的词
用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：
一. 对名词的考查
1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式：
(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)
①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→ desks , key →keys , monkey →monkeys , boy →boys等
②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→ foxes , boss →bosses , bus →buses, class → classes, dress → dresses, witness → witnesses, address → addresses, beach → beaches, coach → coaches , couch → couches ,inch → inches ,sandwich → sandwiches , church → churches ,watch → watches ,match → matches ,speech →speeches ,witch → witches ,dish →dishes ,brush →brushes ,goldfish →goldfish, fish→ fishes , toothbrush →toothbrushes等。
③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：
zoo → zoos, radio → radios, photo → photos, piano → pianos, kilo → kilos, mango → mangos, bamboo → bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。 加-es的有：
tomato→ tomatoes, potato → potatoes, dodo → dodoes/s, hero → heroes。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。
例如：family → families, lady →ladies, baby → babies , copy→ copies, body→ bodies, century →centuries, diary→ diaries, dictionary→ dictionaries, factory→ factories, library→ libraries, battery →batteries, documentary → documentaries, buddy →buddies, ability →abilities, country →countries, butterfly →butterflies, enemy →enemies, memory→ memories, balcony→ balconies, laboratory→ laboratories, beauty→ beauties, charity→ charities, comedy→ comedies, industry→ industries, quality→ qualities, reply→ replies, difficulty→ difficulties, theory→ theories, mystery→ mysteries, hobby→ hobbies,
story→ stories, city→ cities, laundry→ laundries, activity→ activities等。
⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 fe为v，再加-es。
例如：half→ halves, knife→ knives, wife→ wives, leaf→ leaves, shelf→ shelves, herself→ themselves, scarf→ scarfs / scarves, wolf→ wolves等。
考例1：[2005年镇江市]
Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.
分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.

考例2：[2005年泰州市]
Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess? (box)
分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。
考例3：[2004年淮安市]
Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.
分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。

考例4：[2003年济南市]
The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)
分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)
foot→ feet, tooth→ teeth, child→ children, man→ men, woman→ women, policeman→ policemen, policewoman→ policewomen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen, snowman→ snowmen, businessman → businessmen, Englishman→ Englishmen, gentleman→ gentlemen, salesman→ salesmen, mouse→ mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→ sheep, Chinese→ Chinese, Japanese→ Japanese, fish→ fish等。

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