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第1个回答 2012-10-16
英语语法大全下载
1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)
2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s)
3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running)
5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)
7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes)
8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult"。
9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。
英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序。(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语])
英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是:
一、名 词:表示人或事物的名称的词。
二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词。
三、副 词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。
四、代 词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
五、数 词:表示数量和顺序的词。
六、动 词:表示动作和状态的词。
七、冠 词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用。
八、介 词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。
九、连 词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。
十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词。
英语的时态
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
(1)一般现在时
基本形式(以do为例):
第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
否定句:主语+don‘t+动词原形+其他;
一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,+ 主语+do.
否定回答:No,+主语+don't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语序
(2)一般过去时
be动词+行为动词的过去式
was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
(3)一般将来时
am/are/is+going to+do
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
(4)过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)about to+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth
第三人称+is+doing+sth
(6)过去进行时
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
(7)将来进行时
动词be的将来时+现在分词
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
(9)现在完成时
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他
(10)过去完成时
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
语法判定:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
(shall)will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
(13)现在完成进行时
have/has been +-ing 分词
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)
2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s)
3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running)
5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)
7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes)
8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult"。
9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。
英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序。(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语])
英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是:
一、名 词:表示人或事物的名称的词。
二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词。
三、副 词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。
四、代 词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
五、数 词:表示数量和顺序的词。
六、动 词:表示动作和状态的词。
七、冠 词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用。
八、介 词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。
九、连 词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。
十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词。
英语的时态
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
(1)一般现在时
基本形式(以do为例):
第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
否定句:主语+don‘t+动词原形+其他;
一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,+ 主语+do.
否定回答:No,+主语+don't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语序
(2)一般过去时
be动词+行为动词的过去式
was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
(3)一般将来时
am/are/is+going to+do
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
(4)过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)about to+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth
第三人称+is+doing+sth
(6)过去进行时
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
(7)将来进行时
动词be的将来时+现在分词
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
(9)现在完成时
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他
(10)过去完成时
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
语法判定:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
(shall)will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
(13)现在完成进行时
have/has been +-ing 分词
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
would have been+现在分词用于其他人称