如题所述
32.52-(6+9.728÷3.2)×2.5 5. x^2(y+z)^2-2xy(x-z)(y+z)+y^2(x-z)^2 =[x(y+z)-y(x-z)]^2 =(xz+yz)^2 =z^2(x+y)^2 6. 3(a+2)^2+28(a+2)-20 =[3(a+2)-2][(a+2)+10] =(3a+4)(a+12) 7. (a+b)^2-(b-c)^2+a^2-c^2 =(a+b)^2-c^2+a^2-(b-c)^2 =(a+b+c)(a+b-c)+(a+b-c)(a-b+c) =(a+b-c)(a+b+c+a-b+c) =2(a+b-c)(a+c) 8. x(x+1)(x^2+x-1)-2 =(x^2+x)(x^2+x-1)-2 =(x^2+x)^2-(x^2+x)-2 =(x^2+x-2)(x^2+x+1) =(x+2)(x-1)(x^2+x+1) 9. 9x^2(x-1)^2-3(x^2-x)-56 =9x^2(x-1)^2-3x(x-1)-56 =[3x(x-1)-8][3x(x-1)+7] =(3x^2-3x-8)(3x^2-3x+7) 有理数练习 练习一(B级) (一)计算题: (1)23+(-73) (2)(-84)+(-49) (3)7+(-2.04) (4)4.23+(-7.57) (5)(-7/3)+(-7/6) (6)9/4+(-3/2) (7)3.75+(2.25)+5/4 (8)-3.75+(+5/4)+(-1.5) 5. x^2(y+z)^2-2xy(x-z)(y+z)+y^2(x-z)^2 =[x(y+z)-y(x-z)]^2 =(xz+yz)^2 =z^2(x+y)^2 6. 3(a+2)^2+28(a+2)-20 =[3(a+2)-2][(a+2)+10] =(3a+4)(a+12) 7. (a+b)^2-(b-c)^2+a^2-c^2 =(a+b)^2-c^2+a^2-(b-c)^2 =(a+b+c)(a+b-c)+(a+b-c)(a-b+c) =(a+b-c)(a+b+c+a-b+c) =2(a+b-c)(a+c) 8. x(x+1)(x^2+x-1)-2 =(x^2+x)(x^2+x-1)-2 =(x^2+x)^2-(x^2+x)-2 =(x^2+x-2)(x^2+x+1) =(x+2)(x-1)(x^2+x+1) 9. 9x^2(x-1)^2-3(x^2-x)-56 =9x^2(x-1)^2-3x(x-1)-56 =[3x(x-1)-8][3x(x-1)+7] =(3x^2-3x-8)(3x^2-3x+7) (二)用简便方法计算: (1)(-17/4)+(-10/3)+(+13/3)+(11/3) (2)(-1.8)+(+0.2)+(-1.7)+(0.1)+(+1.8)+(+1.4) (三)已知:X=+17(3/4),Y=-9(5/11),Z=-2.25, 求:(-X)+(-Y)+Z的值 (四)用">","0,则a-ba (C)若ba (D)若a<0,ba -38)+52+118+(-62)= (-32)+68+(-29)+(-68)= (-21)+251+21+(-151)= 12+35+(-23)+0= 利用有理数的加法解下面2题 (1)王老伯上街时带有现金550元,购物用去260元,又去银行取款150元,现在王老伯身上还有多少现金? (2)潜水艇原停在海面下800米处,先浮上150米,又下潜200米,这时潜水艇在海面下多少米处? (-6)+8+(-4)+12 3又1/4+(-2又3/5)+5又3/4+(-8又2/5) 9+(-7)+10+(-3)+(-9) 27+(-26)+33+(-27) (+4又5/8)+(-3.257)+(-4.625) 23+(-17)+6+(-22) -2+3+1+(-3)+2+(-4) 23+(-73) (-84)+(-49) 7+(-2.04) 4.23+(-7.57) 7/3)+(-7/6) 9/4+(-3/2) 3.75+(2.25)+5/4 -3.75+(+5/4)+(-1.5) (-17/4)+(-10/3)+(+13/3)+(11/3) (-1.8)+(+0.2)+(-1.7)+(0.1)+(+1.8)+(+1.4) (+1.3)-(+17/7) (-2)-(+2/3) |(-7.2)-(-6.3)+(1.1)| |(-5/4)-(-3/4)|-|1-5/4-|-3/4|) (-4)(+6)(-7) (-27)(-25)(-3)(-4) 0.001*(-0.1)*(1.1) 24*(-5/4)*(-12/15)*(-0.12) (-3/2)(-4/3)(-5/4)(-6/5)(-7/6)(-8/7) (-24/7)(11/8+7/3-3.75)*24 (-71/8)*(-23)-23*(-73/8) (-7/15)*(-18)*(-45/14) (-2.2)*(+1.5)*(-7/11)*(-2/7) [-|98|+76+(-87)]*23[56+(-75)-(7)]-(8+4+3) 5+21*8/2-6-59 68/21-8-11*8+61 -2/9-7/9-56 4.6-(-3/4+1.6-4-3/4) 1/2+3+5/6-7/12 [2/3-4-1/4*(-0.4)]/1/3+2 22+(-4)+(-2)+4*3 -2*8-8*1/2+8/1/8 (2/3+1/2)/(-1/12)*(-12) (-28)/(-6+4)+(-1) 2/(-2)+0/7-(-8)*(-2) (1/4-5/6+1/3+2/3)/1/2 18-6/(-3)*(-2) (5+3/8*8/30/(-2)-3 (-84)/2*(-3)/(-6) 1/2*(-4/15)/2/3 -3x+2y-5x-7y 有理数的加减混合运算 【【同步达纲练习】 1.选择题: (1)把-2-(+3)-(-5)+(-4)+(+3)写成省略括号和的形式,正确的是( ) A.-2-3-5-4+3 B.-2+3+5-4+3 C.-2-3+5-4+3 D.-2-3-5+4+3 (2)计算(-5)-(+3)+(-9)-(-7)+ 所得结果正确的是( ) A.-10 B.-9 C.8 D.-23 (3)-7,-12,+2的代数和比它们的绝对值的和小( ) A.-38 B.-4 C.4 D.38 (4)若 +(b+3)2=0,则b-a- 的值是( ) A.-4 B.-2 C.-1 D.1 (5)下列说法正确的是( ) A.两个负数相减,等于绝对值相减 B.两个负数的差一定大于零 C.正数减去负数,实际是两个正数的代数和 D.负数减去正数,等于负数加上正数的绝对值 (6)算式-3-5不能读作( ) A.-3与5的差 B.-3与-5的和 C.-3与-5的差 D.-3减去5 2.填空题:(4′×4=16′) (1)-4+7-9=- - + ; (2)6-11+4+2=- + - + ; (3)(-5)+(+8)-(+2)-(-3)= + - + ; (4)5-(-3 )-(+7)-2 =5+ - - + - . 3.把下列各式写成省略括号的和的形式,并说出它们的两种读法:(8′×2=16′) (1)(-21)+(+16)-(-13)-(+7)+(-6); (2)-2 -(- )+(-0.5)+(+2)-(+ )-2. 4.计算题(6′×4=24′) (1)-1+2-3+4-5+6-7; (2)-50-28+(-24)-(-22); (3)-19.8-(-20.3)-(+20.2)-10.8; (4)0.25- +(-1 )-(+3 ). 5.当x=-3.7,y=-1.8,z=-1.5时,求下列代数式的值(5′×4=20′) (1)x+y-z; (2)-x-y+z; (3)-x+y+z; (4)x-y-z. 【素质优化训练】 (1) (-7)-(+5)+(+3)-(-9)=-7 5 3 9; (2)-(+2 )-(-1 )-(+3 )+(- ) =( 2 )+( 1 )+( 3 )+( ); (3)-14 5 (-3)=-12; (4)-12 (-7) (-5) (-6)=-16; (5)b-a-(+c)+(-d)= a b c d; 2.当x= ,y=- ,z=- 时,分别求出下列代数式的值; (1)x-(-y)+(-z); (2)x+(-y)-(+z); (3)-(-x)-y+z; (4)-x-(-y)+z. 3.就下列给的三组数,验证等式: a-(b-c+d)=a-b+c-d是否成立. (1)a=-2,b=-1,c=3,d=5; (2)a=23 ,b=-8,c=-1 ,d=1 . 4.计算题 (1)-1-23.33-(+76.76); (2)1-2*2*2*2; (3)(-6-24.3)-(-12+9.1)+(0-2.1); (4)-1+8-7 【生活实际运用】 某水利勘察队,第一天向上游走5 千米,第二天又向上游走5 ,第三天向下游走4 千米,第四天又向下游走4.5千米,这时勘察队在出发点的哪里?相距多少千米? 参考答案: 【同步达纲练习】 1.(1)C;(2)B;(3)D;(4)A;(5)C;(6)C 2.(1)4,(-7),(-9) (2)(-6),(-11),(-4),2; (3)-5,8,2,3; (4)3,7,2; 3.略4.(1)-4; (2)-80; (3)-30.5 (4)-5 5.(1)-4; (2)4; (3)0.4; (4)-0.4. 【素质优化训练】 1.(1)-,+,+; (2)-,+,-,-; (3)+,+; (4)-,+,+; (5)-,+,-,-. 2.(1) (2) (3) (4)- 3.(1) (2)都成立. 4.(1)- (2) (3)-29.5 (4)-1 第(4)题注意同号的数、互为相反数先分别结合。 【生活实际运用】 1.上游1 千米 1.125*3+125*5+25*3+25 2.9999*3+101*11*(101-92) 3.(23/4-3/4)*(3*6+2) 4. 3/7 × 49/9 - 4/3 5. 8/9 × 15/36 + 1/27 6. 12× 5/6 – 2/9 ×3 7. 8× 5/4 + 1/4 8. 6÷ 3/8 – 3/8 ÷6 9. 4/7 × 5/9 + 3/7 × 5/9 10. 5/2 -( 3/2 + 4/5 ) 11. 7/8 + ( 1/8 + 1/9 ) 12. 9 × 5/6 + 5/6 13. 3/4 × 8/9 - 1/3 14. 7 × 5/49 + 3/14 15. 6 ×( 1/2 + 2/3 ) 16. 8 × 4/5 + 8 × 11/5 17. 31 × 5/6 – 5/6 18. 9/7 - ( 2/7 – 10/21 ) 19. 5/9 × 18 – 14 × 2/7 20. 4/5 × 25/16 + 2/3 × 3/4 21. 14 × 8/7 – 5/6 × 12/15 22. 17/32 – 3/4 × 9/24 23. 3 × 2/9 + 1/3 24. 5/7 × 3/25 + 3/7 25. 3/14 ×× 2/3 + 1/6 26. 1/5 × 2/3 + 5/6 27. 9/22 + 1/11 ÷ 1/2 28. 5/3 × 11/5 + 4/3 29. 45 × 2/3 + 1/3 × 15 30. 7/19 + 12/19 × 5/6 31. 1/4 + 3/4 ÷ 2/3 32. 8/7 × 21/16 + 1/2 33. 101 × 1/5 – 1/5 × 21 34.50+160÷40 35.120-144÷18+35 36.347+45×2-4160÷52 37(58+37)÷(64-9×5) 38.95÷(64-45) 39.178-145÷5×6+42 40.812-700÷(9+31×11) 41.85+14×(14+208÷26) 43.120-36×4÷18+35 44.(58+37)÷(64-9×5) 45.(6.8-6.8×0.55)÷8.5 46.0.12× 4.8÷0.12×4.8 47.(3.2×1.5+2.5)÷1.6 48.6-1.6÷4= 5.38+7.85-5.37= 49.7.2÷0.8-1.2×5= 6-1.19×3-0.43= 50.6.5×(4.8-1.2×4)= 51.5.8×(3.87-0.13)+4.2×3.74 52.32.52-(6+9.728÷3.2)×2.5 53.[(7.1-5.6)×0.9-1.15] ÷2.5 54.5.4÷[2.6×(3.7-2.9)+0.62] 55.12×6÷(12-7.2)-6 56.12×6÷7.2-6 57.0.68×1.9+0.32×1.9 58.58+370)÷(64-45) 59.420+580-64×21÷28 60.136+6×(65-345÷23) 15-10.75×0.4-5.7 62.18.1+(3-0.299÷0.23)×1 63.(6.8-6.8×0.55)÷8.5 64.0.12× 4.8÷0.12×4.8 65.(3.2×1.5+2.5)÷1.6 66.3.2×6+(1.5+2.5)÷1.6 67.0.68×1.9+0.32×1.9 68.10.15-10.75×0.4-5.7 69.5.8×(3.87-0.13)+4.2×3.74 70.32.52-(6+9.728÷3.2)×2.5 71.[(7.1-5.6)×0.9-1.15] ÷2.5 72.5.4÷[2.6×(3.7-2.9)+0.62] 73.12×6÷(12-7.2)-6 74.12×6÷7.2-6 75.33.02-(148.4-90.85)÷2.5 1) 76.(25%-695%-12%)*36 77./4*3/5+3/4*2/5 78.1-1/4+8/9/7/9 79.+1/6/3/24+2/21 80./15*3/5 81.3/4/9/10-1/6 82./3+1/2)/5/6-1/3]/1/7 83./5+3/5/2+3/4 84.(2-2/3/1/2)]*2/5 85.+5268.32-2569 86.3+456-52*8 87.5%+6325 88./2+1/3+1/4 2) 89+456-78 3) 5%+. 3/7 × 49/9 - 4/3 4) 9 × 15/36 + 1/27 5) 2× 5/6 – 2/9 ×3 6) 3× 5/4 + 1/4 7) 94÷ 3/8 – 3/8 ÷6 8) 95/7 × 5/9 + 3/7 × 5/9 9) 6/2 -( 3/2 + 4/5 ) 10) 8 + ( 1/8 + 1/9 ) 11) 8 × 5/6 + 5/6 12) 1/4 × 8/9 - 1/3 13) 10 × 5/49 + 3/14 14) 1.5 ×( 1/2 + 2/3 ) 15) 2/9 × 4/5 + 8 × 11/5 16) 3.1 × 5/6 – 5/6 17) 4/7 - ( 2/7 – 10/21 ) 18) 19 × 18 – 14 × 2/7 19) 5 × 25/16 + 2/3 × 3/4 20) 4 × 8/7 – 5/6 × 12/15 21) 7/32 – 3/4 × 9/24 22) 1、 2/3÷1/2-1/4×2/5 2、 2-6/13÷9/26-2/3 3、 2/9+1/2÷4/5+3/8 4、 10÷5/9+1/6×4 5、 1/2×2/5+9/10÷9/20 6、 5/9×3/10+2/7÷2/5 7、 1/2+1/4×4/5-1/8 8、 3/4×5/7×4/3-1/2 9、 23-8/9×1/27÷1/27 10、 8×5/6+2/5÷4 11、 1/2+3/4×5/12×4/5 12、 8/9×3/4-3/8÷3/4 13、 5/8÷5/4+3/23÷9/11 23) 1.2×2.5+0.8×2.5 24) 8.9×1.25-0.9×1.25 25) 12.5×7.4×0.8 26) 9.9×6.4-(2.5+0.24)(27) 6.5×9.5+6.5×0.5 0.35×1.6+0.35×3.4 0.25×8.6×4 6.72-3.28-1.72 0.45+6.37+4.55 5.4+6.9×3-(25-2.5)2×41846-620-380 4.8×46+4.8×54 0.8+0.8×2.5 1.25×3.6×8×2.5-12.5×2.4 28×12.5-12.5×20 23.65-(3.07+3.65) (4+0.4×0.25)8×7×1.25
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