我们英语课要有一次现场作文,我想写夜壶,因为这是日常经常接触的物品,请问该怎么介绍,英文是什么?我听同学说是yehoo,是这样的么?
以下摘自wikipedia,希望对你有所帮助。
A chamber pot (also achamberpot, a jordan,[1] ajerry, a po (possibly fromFrench: pot de chambre), agazunder (likely a contraction of "goes under"), a piss pot, apotty, or a thunder pot) is a bowl-shaped container with a handle, and often a lid, kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and generally used as a toilet at night. In Victorian times, some chamber pots would be built into a cabinet with a closable cover.
History[edit]
Chamber pots were used inancient Greece at least since the 6th century BC and were known under different names: ἀμίς (amis),[2] οὐράνη (ouranē)[3]and οὐρητρίς (ourētris,[4] from οὖρον - ouron, "urine"[5]), σκωραμίς / (skōramis), χερνίβιον (chernibion).[6]
The introduction of indoor toiletsstarted to displace chamber pots in the 19th century but such pots were in common use until the mid-20th century.
Chamber pots continue in use today in countries lacking indoor plumbing such as rural areas of China, and have been redesigned as the bedpan for use with the very ill.
In North America and the UK, the affectionate term "potty" is often used when discussing thetoilet with small children – such as during potty training. It is also usually used to refer to the small, toilet-shaped devices made especially for potty training, which are quite similar to chamber pots. These "potties" are generally a large plastic bowl with an ergonomically-designed back and front to protect against splashes. They may have a built-in handle or grasp at the back to allow emptying and a non-slip bottom to prevent the child from sliding while in use. Some are given bright colours such as pink, red, blue and purple (generally depending on the child's gender), and some sort of cartoon. In many cases they are used since it is difficult for children to get up onto the normal toilet; in addition the larger opening in the regular toilet is much too large for a child to sit over comfortably and not fall in without some type of aid. Their size means they can be discreetly packed away in a bag for days out or camping with young children, and can be placed near or under beds for sufferers of nocturia or some other form of incontinence.
In the Philippines, chamber pots are used as urinals and are commonly called Orinola in most Philippine languages, such as Tagalog andCebuano[7]
In Korea, chamber pots are referred to as yogang (요강), literally translating to "John River". They were commonly used by people who did not have indoor plumbing to avoid the cold elements during the winter months and are commonly used in North Korea to this day.
Toilet in Early Modern Europe
Chamber pots were in common use in Europe from ancient times, even being taken to the Middle East by Christian pilgrims during the Middle Ages.[18] By the Early Modern era, chamber pots were frequently made of china or copper and could include elaborate decoration. They were emptied into the gutter of the street nearest to the home. During the Victorian era, British housemaids emptied household chamber pots into a "slop sink" that was inside a housemaid's cupboard on the upper floor of the house. The housemaids' cupboard also contained a separate sink for washing the "bedroom ware", made of wood with a lead lining to prevent chipping china chamber pots. Once indoor running water was built into British houses, servants were sometimes given their own lavatory downstairs, separate from the family lavatory.[19]
By the 16th century, cesspits and cesspools were increasingly dug into the ground near houses in Europe as a means of collecting waste, as urban populations grew and street gutters became blocked with the larger volume of human waste. Rain was no longer sufficient to wash away waste from the gutters. A pipe connected the latrine to the cesspool, and sometimes a small amount of water washed waste through the pipe into the cesspool. Cesspools would be cleaned out by tradesmen, who pumped out liquid waste, then shovelled out the solid waste and collected it in horse-drawn carts during the night. This solid waste would be used as fertilizer. The perception that human waste had value as fertilizer, and in ammonia production, delayed the construction of a modern sewer system in Paris as a replacement for the city's cesspool system. In the early 19th century, public officials and public hygiene experts studied and debated the matter at length, for several decades. The construction of an underground network of pipes to carry away solid and liquid waste was only begun in the 1880s, gradually replacing the cesspool system, although cesspools were still in use in some parts of Paris into the 20th century.[20] The growth of indoor plumbing, toilets and bathtubs with running water came at the same time.
A chamber pot (also achamberpot, a jordan,[1] ajerry, a po (possibly fromFrench: pot de chambre), agazunder (likely a contraction of "goes under"), a piss pot, apotty, or a thunder pot) is a bowl-shaped container with a handle, and often a lid, kept in the bedroom under a bed or in the cabinet of a nightstand and generally used as a toilet at night. In Victorian times, some chamber pots would be built into a cabinet with a closable cover.
History[edit]
Chamber pots were used inancient Greece at least since the 6th century BC and were known under different names: ἀμίς (amis),[2] οὐράνη (ouranē)[3]and οὐρητρίς (ourētris,[4] from οὖρον - ouron, "urine"[5]), σκωραμίς / (skōramis), χερνίβιον (chernibion).[6]
The introduction of indoor toiletsstarted to displace chamber pots in the 19th century but such pots were in common use until the mid-20th century.
Chamber pots continue in use today in countries lacking indoor plumbing such as rural areas of China, and have been redesigned as the bedpan for use with the very ill.
In North America and the UK, the affectionate term "potty" is often used when discussing thetoilet with small children – such as during potty training. It is also usually used to refer to the small, toilet-shaped devices made especially for potty training, which are quite similar to chamber pots. These "potties" are generally a large plastic bowl with an ergonomically-designed back and front to protect against splashes. They may have a built-in handle or grasp at the back to allow emptying and a non-slip bottom to prevent the child from sliding while in use. Some are given bright colours such as pink, red, blue and purple (generally depending on the child's gender), and some sort of cartoon. In many cases they are used since it is difficult for children to get up onto the normal toilet; in addition the larger opening in the regular toilet is much too large for a child to sit over comfortably and not fall in without some type of aid. Their size means they can be discreetly packed away in a bag for days out or camping with young children, and can be placed near or under beds for sufferers of nocturia or some other form of incontinence.
In the Philippines, chamber pots are used as urinals and are commonly called Orinola in most Philippine languages, such as Tagalog andCebuano[7]
In Korea, chamber pots are referred to as yogang (요강), literally translating to "John River". They were commonly used by people who did not have indoor plumbing to avoid the cold elements during the winter months and are commonly used in North Korea to this day.
Toilet in Early Modern Europe
Chamber pots were in common use in Europe from ancient times, even being taken to the Middle East by Christian pilgrims during the Middle Ages.[18] By the Early Modern era, chamber pots were frequently made of china or copper and could include elaborate decoration. They were emptied into the gutter of the street nearest to the home. During the Victorian era, British housemaids emptied household chamber pots into a "slop sink" that was inside a housemaid's cupboard on the upper floor of the house. The housemaids' cupboard also contained a separate sink for washing the "bedroom ware", made of wood with a lead lining to prevent chipping china chamber pots. Once indoor running water was built into British houses, servants were sometimes given their own lavatory downstairs, separate from the family lavatory.[19]
By the 16th century, cesspits and cesspools were increasingly dug into the ground near houses in Europe as a means of collecting waste, as urban populations grew and street gutters became blocked with the larger volume of human waste. Rain was no longer sufficient to wash away waste from the gutters. A pipe connected the latrine to the cesspool, and sometimes a small amount of water washed waste through the pipe into the cesspool. Cesspools would be cleaned out by tradesmen, who pumped out liquid waste, then shovelled out the solid waste and collected it in horse-drawn carts during the night. This solid waste would be used as fertilizer. The perception that human waste had value as fertilizer, and in ammonia production, delayed the construction of a modern sewer system in Paris as a replacement for the city's cesspool system. In the early 19th century, public officials and public hygiene experts studied and debated the matter at length, for several decades. The construction of an underground network of pipes to carry away solid and liquid waste was only begun in the 1880s, gradually replacing the cesspool system, although cesspools were still in use in some parts of Paris into the 20th century.[20] The growth of indoor plumbing, toilets and bathtubs with running water came at the same time.
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第1个回答 2013-11-01
应该是Urinal,你的选题很别致啊~~