english 第3人称代词 ?

english 第3人称代词 ?

人称代词(Personal Pronoun)

定义

语法上对说话者、说话者的对手、以及所说及的人或事物所作的区分叫作人称(Person),而表达人称之区别的代词就叫作人称代词(Personal pronoun)。

人称共有下列三种:

(1)第一人称(First Person):指说话者本身(包括个人及团体。)

(2)第二人称(Second Person):指说话者的对方(包括个人及团体。)

(3)第三人称(Third Person):指所说及的人或事物(包括个体或整体。)

人称代词在词形上没有复数的词尾变化,但是在数(Number)、性(Gender)、及格(Case)却有其各不相同的代表词,

A.人称代词的用法

(1)人称代词依其格的区分,用法如下:

(a)主格:作主语或主语补语。

例:I speak English better now.

(我现在英语讲得比较好了。——主语)

例:It is she who sings the best in my class.

(在我的班里歌唱得最好的就是她。——主语补语)

注:

① “It is I”与“It is me.”

传统文法以“It is I.”为正确,但是现代英语使用“It is me.”已很普遍,甚至于要说“It is I who…”也常改说“I am the one who…”,以避开“It is I…”。

② 第三人称单数为主语时,应注意与单数动词一致。

例:He does everything very carefully.

(他做事都很小心。)

例:She was not at the party yesterday.

(昨天她没有参加宴会。)

(b)所有格:表达对人、事物等的拥有或所有。

例:This is our school.

(这是我们的学校。)

例:He always did his best to help others.

(他总是会尽他的一切去帮助别人。)

注:“所有格代词+own”可表达自身的拥有或所有。

例:This is his own house(=This house is his own.)

(这是他自己的房子。——表示非租借的意思。)

(c)宾格:作直接宾语、间接宾语、宾语补语、介词的宾语。

例:We all know him.

(我们都认识他。——直接宾语)

例:The teacher asks us questions in class.

(老师在上课中都会问我们问题。——间接宾语)

例:The new teacher took Amy for me this morning.

(今天早上新到的老师把Amy错认是我。——宾语补语)

例:I sometimes go camping with them.

(我有时候和他们去露营。——介词的宾语)

注:

① 主语的比较皆使用主格。

例:Mary is older than he by two years.

(玛丽年岁比他大两岁。)

请注意下列例句的不同比较

例:I love you more than he (loves you).

(我比他更爱你。)

I love you more than (I love) her.

(我爱你甚于爱她。)

② 作补语用的人称代词,其格与相关的名词或代词须一致。

例:I believe (that ) it was he who wrote that letter.

(我相信写了那封信的人是他。——“it”为主语)

Do you really believe it to be him?

(你真的相信是他吗?——“it”为宾语)

③ 两个以上的人称代词并列时,礼貌的表达次序是:

you and I/me

you, he/she, and I/me

he/she and I/me

you and he/she

例:You and I are to blame, not she.

(不对的是你和我,不是她。)

例:Would you and Mary like to come with us?

(你和玛丽要不要和我们一道来?)

例:She didn't know whether to ring you or me.

(她不知道是否该打个电话给你或我。)

(2)We, You, They的特别用法

(a)We

(i)总称:如中文的“我们,咱们”。

例:Indeed we want freedom, but we must obey laws.

(诚然我们要自由,但是我们必须服从法律。)

(ii)本地:指自己出生或所在的地方

例:We grow rice in Taiwan.

(台湾是生产稻米的。——说话者是台湾人,说话时人可能在台湾,亦有可能不在台湾。)

例:We don't have much rain here in autumn.

(本地秋天雨量不多。)

(b)You

指包括对方的一般大众。

例:Nowadays you young people don't marry so early as we did years ago.

(当今你们年轻人不像多年前的我们那样早婚。)

例:When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.

(入乡随俗。——格言)

(c)They

(i)指有关人士、团体或政府当局等。

例:They always say the same words when an accident happens.

(一有意外事故发生他们总是说同样的话。)

(ii)其他地方:“We”(ii)的相反

例:They grow corn in those states.

(那几州是生产玉米的。)

(iii)They = People

例:They say that there will be a new war in the Middle East.

(=People say that…)

(=It is said that…)

(大家都说中东将会发生一场新的战争。)

B.“It”的用法

(1)指事物,人(不明性别或何人时),婴孩、动物(不提性别)或昆虫等。

例:“Where is my watch, dear?”

(我的手表在哪儿,亲爱的?)

“I saw it in your drawer last night.”

(昨晚我看到它在你的抽屉里。)

例:“Who is it?”

(是谁?——如敲门时,不明对方的性别或何人。)

“It's me, Peter.”

(是我,彼得。)

例:Mrs. Huang had a baby last night.It weighs 4 kilos.

(黄太太昨夜生了一个婴儿,体重达四公斤。)

例:What's that?

(那是什么?)

It's a silkworm.

(是蚕。)

(2)表达时间、日期、季节、天气、距离、环境等。

例:“What time is it?”—“It's five to twelve.”

(几点钟了?——现在是十一点五十五分。)

例:“What's the date?”—“It is the third of October.”

(今天几月几日?——今天是十月三日。)

例:It is very hot in summer.

(夏天的天气都是很热。)

例:How far is it from here to the station?

(这里到车站有多远?)

例:I like it here very much.

(我很喜欢这里的环境。)

(3)表达强调

句型It +be…+that(who)…

例:It was Paul that (who) broke the window.

(=Paul broke the window.)

(打破了窗的人是保罗。)

解说 “It… that…”是表达强调的正常句式,但是若强调点是“人”,则使用“It…who…”也很普通。本句式可用于一个句子中的任何强调点,例如:

例:Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

→It was Peter who met Helen and Bill at the theater yesterday.

(昨天在戏院看到海伦和比尔的人是彼得。)

→It was Helen and Bill that Peter met at the theater yesterday.

(昨天彼得在戏院所遇见的人是海伦和比尔。)

→It was at the theater that Peter met Helen and Bill yesterday.

(昨天彼得遇见海伦和比尔的地点是戏院。)

→It was yesterday that Peter met Helen and Bill at the theater.

(彼得在戏院遇见海伦和比尔的时间是昨天。)

(4)形式主语

例:It is shameful the way he behaves himself before girls.

(他在女生面前的举止真叫人脸红。)

例:It is easy to find fault with others.

(批评别人是容易的。)

例:It is wrong for you to speak ill of her.

(你讲她的坏话是不对的。)

例:It is a great convenience living / to live in a big city.

(住在大城市里事事都方便。)

例:It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.

(她居然和农民结婚实在令人意想不到。)

解说 上面各例句都可以把“It”所代表的实际主语移到句首来,例如:

The way he behaves himself before girls is shameful.

To find fault with others is easy.

虽然如此,现代英语仍以“It…”较普通。

(5)形式宾语

例:I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination.

(我认为考试作弊是不对的。)

例:Don't you find it a waste of time watching television too much?

(你不觉得电视看得太多是浪费时间吗?)

例:I thought it strange that Jack should have had so much money to spend these days.

(我觉得杰克近日来会有这么多的钱可花费是一件奇怪的事。)

解说 本句式都用于有宾语补语的不完全及物动词的句子,“it”代表着宾语补语之后的实际宾语(不定式、动名词、或that-clause)。本句式的实际宾语不可以移入“it”的位置而把“it”省略。常可用本句式来表达的不完全及物动词有:

find(发现,觉得),think(想,觉得),believe(相信),consider(认为),make,take,etc.

(6)“it”可以代表前述的短语或句子

例:Don't let your children play with matches or lighters.It is dangerous.

(不要让你的小孩们玩火柴或打火机。那是危险的。)

例:“Jim can solve that puzzle.”

(吉姆能解答那个谜题。)

“I don't believe it.”

(我不相信。)

(7)“it”常作非人称动词的主语

例:It happened that I was there then.

(碰巧当时我也在场。)

例:It appears that he'll be elected.

(他像是会当选的样子。)

例:It occurred to me then that I had an appointment with her that evening.

(当时我突然想起来我本来和她在当天晚上有约会。)

C.独立所有格代词

定义:代词能独立表达对事物的拥有或所有,并在句子中扮其所代表的名词的功能者叫做独立所有格代词(Independent Possessive)

注:“its”几乎不作独立所有格使用。

用法

(1)代表前述或后述的名词

例:This is your umbrella and mine(=my umbrella)is the one in your hand.

(这一把是你的雨伞,我的是你手拿着的那一把。)

例:These are your balls, mine(=my balls)are those in that basket.

(这些是你的球,我的是在那个篮子里的那些。)

例:Ours(=Our car)is a sports car so it runs the fastest.

(我们的是一辆赛车,所以它跑得最快。)

解说 独立所有格可以作句子的主语、补语、宾语等使用,全为第三人称,其数则由它所代表的名词来决定(由上示各例可知)。

(2)代表对话内共知的事物

例:You eat yours,and I eat mine.

(你吃你的,我吃我的。——他们在吃什么?这自是对话者之间共知的事。)

(3)独立用法:

Yours truly(sincerely…).

Sincerely(Truly…)yours.

这种用法都是书信结尾的客套语,等于中文的“……敬启”,只用于“yours”。

(4)of +独立所有格代词:双重所有表达法

例:He is an old friend of mine.

(他是我的一个老朋友。)

例:They are beautiful,those flowers of yours.

=Those flowers of yours are beautiful.

(你的这些花很美。)

(请参考第十五章,第六节,C3双重所有格。)

D.反身代词

定义:人称代词的宾格或所有格词尾加“-self,-selves”的代词称为反身代词(Reflexive Pronoun),亦称复合人称代词(Compound Personal Pronoun)。

用法

(1)反身用法:及物动词的宾语即为主语本身的用法叫作反身用法。

例A:The old man killed himself last night.

(那个老人昨夜自杀了。)

例B:We enjoyed ourselves very much at the party last night.

(昨夜我们在宴会中过得很愉快。)

例C:Help yourselves,please.

(请各位不要客气。)

解说 如各例句所示,各反身代词都是指其主语本身。这种用法有些已成为惯用表达法(例B),例如:

例:He absented himself from school this morning.

(他今天早晨缺席,没有到学校。)

例:She seated herself by the window.

(她拣了窗边的一个座位坐下来。)

例:I was late this morning because I overslept myself.

(今天早晨我迟到是因为我睡过头了。)

例:Don't overeat yourself,or you'll get sick.

(不要暴食,否则你会生病的)

例:They dressed themselves up quickly and left the house.

(他们匆匆地穿好衣服后就出去了。)

(2)作介词的宾语用:也是属于反身用法。

例A:The door opened of itself. (无外力干预,即"自动")

(门自动地开了。)

例B:I like to travel by myself. (无外人参加,即"独自")

(我喜欢独自旅行。)

例C:She was beside herself with grief. (脱离自我, 即"失常")

(她悲伤过度,神经失常了。)

(3)表达强调

例:I myself heard him say so yesterday.

(我昨天亲自听他这么说的。)

例:she did it herself.(=She herself did it.)

(她自己做的。)

例:The story itself is not interesting.

(故事本身并不令人感到有趣。)
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2009-06-25
english 不是代词,是名词
人称代词包括第一人称代词 I,和第三人称代词he,she,it,they
第2个回答  2009-06-25
he --him
she-- her
it--it
they--them本回答被提问者采纳
第3个回答  2009-06-25
he she it they都是第三人称代词

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