(一)、音译
从音译法的定义来看,音译法较之其它方法,在翻译引进专业技术术语、人名、地名和商品名等专有名词时较常用。而且,音译在双语转化的过程中能够叫完整明显的保留原有读音,听起来显得特别有亲切感。比如:“茶,由中国流传至世界各国,英语中的tea起源于闽南方言‘茶’的读音”[2]369英语中的won ton(馄饨),yamen(衙门),mafoo(马夫),xiucai(秀才)等等。这样,既保持了语义的中国文化特色,又吸引了读者的注意力,又不失顺应了语言交际的环境。但是,音译并非是尽善尽美的,比如市面上卖的一种名为LUX的日常洗漱用品,它的中文名字为“力士”,单看此中文名字,让人们首先联想到的一定是大力士,他们具有发达的肌肉,超强的运动能力,很难让人们想到使用此产品后达到的那种舒爽,滋润的感觉。这就造成了读者们的困扰。
二)、直译
那么什么是直译?目前尚无定论。但是可以采用一种说法,即在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的前提下,在译文中既保留原文内容又保留原文形式,特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族地方色彩等的译文为直译[7]。 目标是作到形式与内容的统一,即“形”,“神”兼备。如“铁饭碗”直译成iron rice bowl;“红包”直译成red packet;“开放政策”open-door policy;“乡镇企业”township and village enterprises; “黑市”black market “时间就是金钱” Time is money等等,这些翻译既表达了原词汇的内容,又保存了原词汇的比喻。 但是直译常常会造成译者往“死译”的空子里钻,翻译出的词汇,文章就会显得刻板,当采用直译时要特别注意这一点。
(三)、意译
意译,简单地说, 是把意思平铺直叙地翻译出来[8]。如“专有技术”technical know-how “三句话不离本行” talk shop all the time “鱼米之乡” a land of honey and milk “小处节约,大处浪费/小事聪明,大事糊涂” Penny wise, pound foolish;“大排挡”sidewalk snack booth等等,这些意译是通过对词汇深层蕴义的理解后将通过找到对方文化中所相似的事物情景,采用,其真实的传达原词汇所含的信息。它重在传“神”不是“形”似。当然,意译也同样存在着一些缺点。许多外来的词汇,一个词并非只有一个对应的解释,翻译时在相对缺少上下文的时候,译者们就难以准确的选择其意译,造成误译;另外,在对缩略词意译的时候,会出现信息的缺失现象:如人们常说的CD中文解释为激光唱盘,而CD的全称应该是 “Compact disk”,其中“compact”一词有紧密的,简洁的,轻巧的意思,单从英语词汇层面上看,是很难联想到这个词组与激光有何联系的。
B), literal translation
So, what is the literal translation? There is no conclusion. But an argument can be used, that is asked in the language specification does not run as well as errors caused by the premise of Lenovo, both in translation and the original contents of the original form, in particular, to maintain the original text refers to the metaphor, image and local color, such as the President for translation [7]. Goal is to achieve the unity of form and content, that is, "shape", "God" in both. Such as the "iron rice bowl" straight to iron rice bowl; "red" straight to red packet; "open-door policy" open-door policy; "township enterprises" township and village enterprises; "illegal" black market "time is money" Time is money and so on, which is the expression of the translation of the contents of the original terms, but also to preserve the original terms of the analogy. But the literal translation to the translator often caused by a "dead language" of the loopholes里钻, translation of the vocabulary, the article will be very rigid, when the use of literal translation to pay particular attention to this point.
(C), free translation
Free translation, simply put, is straightforward to translate the meaning of [8]. Such as "proprietary technology" technical know-how "three sentences always our" talk shop all the time "land of fish and rice" a land of honey and milk "small savings, waste of big / small smart, pound foolish" Penny wise, pound foolish; "Great food stalls" sidewalk snack booth and so on, which is a paraphrase of words implies deep understanding of justice will find each other through culture similar things in the scene, used to convey the true information contained in the original vocabulary. It lies in mass "God" is not "shaped" like. Of course, the translation also there are some shortcomings. Many foreign words, one word corresponds to more than one interpretation, the relative lack of translation in the context of the time, the translator can not be accurately on the choice of its translation, resulting in mistranslation; In addition, translation of acronyms, we will lack of emergence of the phenomenon of information: If the CD is often said the Chinese explanation for the CD, and CD's full name should be "Compact disk", which the "compact" the word close, compact, lightweight means, just from the English vocabulary level, it is difficult to think of what this phrase associated with the laser.
from the transliteration method definition, a transliteration of the law as compared to other methods, in the translation of the introduction of professional and technical terminology, people, places, and the trade name, such as when more commonly used terminology.Furthermore, a transliteration in bilingual shifting to be able to call for a complete clear pronunciation, listening to retain the original appears special touches.(1)formulation “ tea from China metearite to the world, in English tea originated in southern Fujian dialect pronunciation of ‘ tea ’ ” [2] 369 of the English won ton (pasta), the French Yamen (mafoo), (mafra), (scholar) xiucai, etc.Thus, semantic characteristics of Chinese culture attracts the reader's attention, without sacrificing the develotment a uerbal environment.However, the transliteration is not perfect, such as the market that sells a Lux daily wash supplies, its Chinese name for the Rexroth(Beijing) ” “, look at this Chinese name, first of all geueralization to allow people to must be a giant, they have developed muscles, ultra-intense of athletic ability, it is difficult to make people think of using this product when opposethat 舒爽, moisten the feeling.which created the readers.
Second, the literal translation)
So what is literal is determined.but there is a saying, namely, the target language specification and does not cause errors, geueralization, in both keep the original content and retain the original form, especially to maintain the original text, image and the parable of the national local colour, and so asked for the literal [7]. the goal is to make it form and content of a unified, i.e., “ “ God - shaped ” ”.If the iron rice bowl ” “ iron rice bowl into literal; a red envelope ” “ literal translation into red packet; open door policy ” “ open-door policy; ” “ Township and village enterprises township enterprises; ” “ “ illegal black market time is money ” time is money, and so on, the translation of the original vocabulary and save the original words of analogy. but often pose a literal translation translator to translate the “ dead ” sanctuary in the translation of words, article becomes monotonous, when literally when you want to pay special attention to this point.
(c), the free
free translation, in a nutshell, is the meaning of the tile to translate directly massuguies [8].such as “ know-how ” “ technical leader in three sentences shop ” talk shop all the time the breadbasket of ” “ a ¤g¦a of mercy and milk “ small savings, / penny wise, pound foolish ” penny wise, pound foolish; large gears ” “ sidewalk snack, and so on, these free booth is on vocabulary through a deep understanding of the implications will be found after the other culture in similar things, the adoption of its real communication, the original words contained in information.It lies in chuanwen ” “ God is not a “. ” electroretimogram lithotroptorof course, free also there are some shortcomings.many foreign words, a Word is not only one that corresponds to the interpretation, translation in the context of the relative lack of time, translator'sawareness were difficult to choose their accurate paraphrase, resulting in misinterpretation; in addition, the acronym paraphrase occurs when the lack of information: If the CD Chinese interpreted as laser discs, and the name of the CD should be “ compact disk ” ” “ compact, where the word there is a close, concisepreparatory, lightweight, single from the English vocabulary, it is very difficult this phrase and laser what linked.
main
functions:
1.
According
to
the
human
resources
planning,
recruitment
needs
confirmation,
select
the
appropriate
channel
for
the
recruitment,
preparation,
recognition
and
job
information.
The
following
were
related
to
describe
the
work
process.
1.
Analysis
of
the
demand
for
workers,
mainly
in
the
following
four
steps:
(1)
post
to
collect
information
collection.
(2)
finishing
the
job
of
information
extraction.
(3)
Summary
of
job
requirements
of
employers.
(4)
to
recruit
elements
of
an
effective
choice.
2.
Recruitment
channels,
including
the
major
internal
and
external
recruitment
recruitment.
The
choice
of
recruitment
channels
including
the
following
steps:
1.
Analysis
of
the
unit's
request
to
recruit
2.
Analysis
of
the
characteristics
of
potential
candidates
3.
Suited
to
determine
the
source
of
recruitment
4.
To
choose
suitable
methods
of
recruitment.
In
carrying
out
the
work
in-house
recruitment,
mainly
in
the
following
several
methods
1.Job
Posting
and
Bidding
2.
Promotion
and
Transfer
3.Current
Employee
Referrals
3.Recruiting
Former
Employees
and
Applicants
5.Inernal
Recruiting
Database.
In
carrying
out
external
recruitment,
can
be
considered
in
the
following
areas:
1.School
2.Colleges
and
Universities
3.Media
Sources
4.Trade
and
Competitive
Sources
5.Employ
Agencies
6.Executive
Search
Firms.
2.
According
to
the
company
human
resources
planning
and
human
resources
departments
of
the
plan
needs
to
develop
its
staff
recruitment
program.
The
recruitment
plan,
including
the
preparation
of
the
following
steps:
1,
the
staff
needs
access
to
information:
the
general
staff
needs
took
place
in
the
following
circumstances:
(1)
human
resources
plan
provides
a
clear
demand
for
personnel
information;
(2)
business-service
personnel
to
leave
The
resulting
vacancy;
(3)
recruitment
manager
to
submit
an
application
(to
apply
for
the
recruitment
has
been
approved
by
the
leadership);
2,
the
recruitment
of
information
to
choose
the
time
of
publication
and
distribution
channels
3,
to
determine
the
initial
recruitment
of
Group
4,
a
preliminary
test
program
choices
to
determine
5,
a
clear
6
budget
for
the
recruitment,
preparation
of
the
timetable
for
the
recruitment
of
7,
the
drafting
of
job
advertisements
Yang
Gao
3.
Recruitment
organizations.
In
carrying
out
the
recruitment
of
staff,
as
long
as
there
are
procedures
include
the
following:
1.
Resume
screening
and
vetting
the
application
form.
Resume
screening
consisted
mainly
of
about
three
parts:
1.
Analysis
of
the
structure
of
the
curriculum
vitae
2.'s
Objective
review
of
the
content
of
the
curriculum
vitae
3.
To
determine
whether
the
skills
and
experience
meet
the
job
requirements.
2.
Background
Investigation:
Background
investigation
may
take
place
either
before
or
after
the
in-depth
interview,
it
is
generally
well
worth
the
effort.
We
need
candidates
for
the
background
investigation,
such
as
past
salary,
criminal
record
and
former
job
title.
In
order
to
To
ensure
the
authenticity
of
information
on
candidates.
3.
Interviews.
1.
The
beginning
of
the
interview
stage:
this
stage,
including
interviews
to
determine
the
purpose
of
the
interview
the
issue
scientifically
designed
to
choose
the
right
type
of
interviews,
interviews
to
determine
the
time
and
place,
and
so
on.
2.'s
Formal
interview
stage:
this
stage
of
the
recruitment
by
the
official
candidates
to
ask
questions,
not
only
can
be
structured
interview
method,
but
also
the
question
of
the
use
of
flexible
and
diverse
forms
of
information
exchange.
3.'s
Evaluation
phase
of
the
interview:
comments
or
score-evaluation
to
assess
candidates.
4.
Medical
Examination.
Including
a
general
physical
examination
and
drug
testing.
5.
To
make
hiring
decisions.
Three
parts:
1.
To
identify
candidates
for
recruitment
2.
Hiring
staff
to
issue
a
notice
of
appointment
3.
Entered
into
arrangements
related
to
the
labor
contract
issues
4.
Recruitment
for
the
recruitment
assessment
of
the
EIA
process.
Through
the
costs
and
benefits
of
the
accounting,
understanding
of
the
costs,
to
reduce
the
cost
of
future
recruitment.
In
addition,
the
assessment
of
recruitment
through
the
hiring
of
staff
performance,
the
actual
ability
to
assess
the
potential
of
the
work,
the
recruitment
test
results
and
the
effectiveness
of
the
method
is
conducive
to
the
improvement
of
the
recruitment
methods.
Recruitment
of
specific
assessments
from
the
following
three
main
areas:
1.
Assess
the
cost-effectiveness
of
2.
The
quantity
and
quality
of
the
assessment
3.
Reliability
and
validity
assessment.
The definition of law from the transliteration of view, transliteration method than other methods, in the translation of the introduction of professional and technical terms, place names and proper nouns, such as trade names are more commonly used. Moreover, who in the process of transforming a bilingual call to retain the original integrity of the obvious pronunciation, it sounds particularly touches the heart. For example: "tea, spread from China to the world, English tea originated in Fujian dialect 'tea' in the pronunciation" [2] 369 English won ton (wonton), yamen (government offices), mafoo (groom), xiucai (scholar) and so on. In this way, has managed to maintain the semantic characteristics of Chinese culture, but also attracted the attention of readers, and yet conform to the language of communication environment. However, transliteration is not perfect, for example, sold on the market called the day-to-day wash supplies LUX, and its Chinese name as "Book", just look at this Chinese name, so people must think first of all is Hercules, they with well-developed muscles, superior athletic ability, it is difficult to make people think of using this product to achieve the kind of comfort, the feeling of moisture. This has resulted in the troubled readers.
B), literal translation
So, what is the literal translation? There is no conclusion. But an argument can be used, that is asked in the language specification does not run as well as errors caused by the premise of Lenovo, both in translation and the original contents of the original form, in particular, to maintain the original text refers to the metaphor, image and local color, such as the President for translation [7]. Goal is to achieve the unity of form and content, that is, "shape", "God" in both. Such as the "iron rice bowl" straight to iron rice bowl; "red" straight to red packet; "open-door policy" open-door policy; "township enterprises" township and village enterprises; "illegal" black market "time is money" Time is money and so on, which is the expression of the translation of the contents of the original terms, but also to preserve the original terms of the analogy. But the literal translation to the translator often caused by a "dead language" of the loopholes里钻, translation of the vocabulary, the article will be very rigid, when the use of literal translation to pay particular attention to this point.
(C), free translation
Free translation, simply put, is straightforward to translate the meaning of [8]. Such as "proprietary technology" technical know-how "three sentences always our" talk shop all the time "land of fish and rice" a land of honey and milk "small savings, waste of big / small smart, pound foolish" Penny wise, pound foolish; "Great food stalls" sidewalk snack booth and so on, which is a paraphrase of words implies deep understanding of justice will find each other through culture similar things in the scene, used to convey the true information contained in the original vocabulary. It lies in mass "God" is not "shaped" like. Of course, the translation also there are some shortcomings. Many foreign words, one word corresponds to more than one interpretation, the relative lack of translation in the context of the time, the translator can not be accurately on the choice of its translation, resulting in mistranslation; In addition, translation of acronyms, we will lack of emergence of the phenomenon of information: If the CD is often said the Chinese explanation for the CD, and CD's full name should be "Compact disk", which the "compact" the word close, compact, lightweight means, just from the English vocabulary level, it is difficult to think of what this phrase associated with the laser.
希望采纳,