如题所述
动宾:该主语是动词的承受着。 主谓:该动作是由主语发出的,是动词的实施者 在句中充当除谓语以外句子成分的动词形式叫作非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。
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一、非谓语动词的主要形式
(一)动词不定式
(二)动名词/现在分词
(三)过去分词本身(done)表示被动和完成
二、非谓语动词在具体语境下的形式判断
(一)动词不定式形式的判断
1.不定式表示将来
例1 The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed
C. completed D. having been completed
【解析】选B。句意:明年将竣工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。根据句中的时间状语及句意可知,非谓语动词表示将来和被动,因此选动词不定式的被动形式,作后置定语。
2.不定式表示目的
例2 I stopped the car _______ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
【解析】选C。句意:我停下车来休息一会儿,因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表示目的,因此选C。
3.不定式表示结果
例3 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _______ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find
C. being found D. to have found
【解析】选B。句意:汤姆乘的士赶到机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。此处only后接动词不定式,表示意想不到的结果,因此选B。
(二)动名词形式的判断
1. 动名词作主语
例4 _______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known
C. Knowing D. Being known
【解析】选C。句意:了解急救的基础知识将有助于你快速应对突发事件。此句谓语为will help,因此所选非谓语动词作主语,而且说明一般事实,表示主动,因此使用动名词的一般式knowing。having known为动名词的完成式,being known为动名词的被动式。
2. 动名词作宾语
例5 One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.
A. corrects B. correct
C. to correct D. correcting
【解析】选D。句意:人们通过犯错误和改正错误来学习语言。句中making与correcting为并列结构,作介词by的宾语。
(三)过去分词形式的判断
1. 过去分词作定语
例6 You cannot accept an opinion _______ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer
C. having offered D. offered
【解析】选D。句意:你不能主动接受别人给你的意见,除非这种意见是建立在事实基础之上的。opinion与动词offer之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词,作后置定语。
例7 After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
【解析】选B。句意:填好表格并签名后,请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。此处provided与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系,在句中作定语,相当于which is provided。providing表示主动,having provided表示主动和完成。
2. 过去分词作状语
例8 There are some health problems that,when _______ in time,can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
【解析】选A。句中分词作状语可以看成状语从句的省略,由于非谓语动词的逻辑主语即为主句的主语health problems,而且它们之间的关系为被动关系,所以用过去分词。
3. 过去分词作宾语补足语
例9 When we saw the road _______ with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block
C. blocking D. blocked
【解析】选D。句意:当看到道路被积雪堵塞时,我们决定在家度假。非谓语动词作宾语补足语,而且与宾语之间为被动关系,构成see sth. done结构,因此选D。
例10 Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _______.
A. washed B. wash
C. washing D. to wash
【解析】选A。句意:在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系,构成短语get sth. done,因此选A。
中国论文网 http://www.xzbu.com/9/view-5004383.htm
一、非谓语动词的主要形式
(一)动词不定式
(二)动名词/现在分词
(三)过去分词本身(done)表示被动和完成
二、非谓语动词在具体语境下的形式判断
(一)动词不定式形式的判断
1.不定式表示将来
例1 The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed B. to be completed
C. completed D. having been completed
【解析】选B。句意:明年将竣工的机场将有助于促进该地区的旅游业。根据句中的时间状语及句意可知,非谓语动词表示将来和被动,因此选动词不定式的被动形式,作后置定语。
2.不定式表示目的
例2 I stopped the car _______ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
【解析】选C。句意:我停下车来休息一会儿,因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表示目的,因此选C。
3.不定式表示结果
例3 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _______ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find
C. being found D. to have found
【解析】选B。句意:汤姆乘的士赶到机场,结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。此处only后接动词不定式,表示意想不到的结果,因此选B。
(二)动名词形式的判断
1. 动名词作主语
例4 _______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known
C. Knowing D. Being known
【解析】选C。句意:了解急救的基础知识将有助于你快速应对突发事件。此句谓语为will help,因此所选非谓语动词作主语,而且说明一般事实,表示主动,因此使用动名词的一般式knowing。having known为动名词的完成式,being known为动名词的被动式。
2. 动名词作宾语
例5 One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.
A. corrects B. correct
C. to correct D. correcting
【解析】选D。句意:人们通过犯错误和改正错误来学习语言。句中making与correcting为并列结构,作介词by的宾语。
(三)过去分词形式的判断
1. 过去分词作定语
例6 You cannot accept an opinion _______ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering B. to offer
C. having offered D. offered
【解析】选D。句意:你不能主动接受别人给你的意见,除非这种意见是建立在事实基础之上的。opinion与动词offer之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词,作后置定语。
例7 After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _______.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
【解析】选B。句意:填好表格并签名后,请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。此处provided与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系,在句中作定语,相当于which is provided。providing表示主动,having provided表示主动和完成。
2. 过去分词作状语
例8 There are some health problems that,when _______ in time,can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
【解析】选A。句中分词作状语可以看成状语从句的省略,由于非谓语动词的逻辑主语即为主句的主语health problems,而且它们之间的关系为被动关系,所以用过去分词。
3. 过去分词作宾语补足语
例9 When we saw the road _______ with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block
C. blocking D. blocked
【解析】选D。句意:当看到道路被积雪堵塞时,我们决定在家度假。非谓语动词作宾语补足语,而且与宾语之间为被动关系,构成see sth. done结构,因此选D。
例10 Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car _______.
A. washed B. wash
C. washing D. to wash
【解析】选A。句意:在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系,构成短语get sth. done,因此选A。
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