大概100词。最重要的是要初中水平。不要再是网上COPY的了。最好是自己写的。有中文翻译。会追加20分。拜托拜托。急需!
This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719. It is one of the most popular adventure novels in all literature. It is the story of Bobinson Crusoe, an Englishman who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island.
He builds himself a hut, grows his own food, and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whome he calls Friday.
Crusoe and his“man”Friday become close friends, and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.
中文版如下:
该作主要讲述了主人公鲁滨逊·克鲁索(Robinson Crusoe)出生于一个中产阶级家庭,一生志在遨游四海。一次在去非洲航海的途中遇到风暴,只身漂流到一个无人的荒岛上,开始了段与世隔绝的生活。他凭着强韧的意志与不懈的努力,在荒岛上顽强地生存下来,经过28年2个月零19天后得以返回故乡。
扩展资料:
创作背景
笛福生活的时代,正是英国资本主义开始大规模发展的年代。1702年,他发表《消灭不同教派的捷径》,讽刺政府的宗教政策,因而被捕,并被判处枷示三次。出狱后,从事编辑报刊,还写了不少政治、经济方面的小册子,因言论关系又曾三次被捕。1719年,笛福发表了他的第一部小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
作品赏析
作者不仅对鲁滨逊的冒险经历与磨难作了扣人心弦的描述,更重要的,还在于作者作为一个具有典型新兴资产阶级意识的作家,在作品中把人的勤劳、勇敢、智慧和创造才能提到了前所未有的高度,肯定了人的价值。他坚信,作为万物之灵的人类,有能力战胜困境、征服自然,并最终到达胜利的彼岸。
参考资料来源:百度百科——鲁滨逊漂流记
Robinson Crusoe was born in a decent businessman's family. He was eager to sail and wanted to see overseas. He went to London without his father's knowledge and bought some fake pearls and toys until he did business in Africa.
On the fourth voyage, the ship encountered a storm and hit a reef on the way. All her companions were killed.
Only Robinson survived and drifted to an uninhabited island. He used the mast of the wrecked ship to make a raft, carrying food, clothing, guns and ammunition to the shore again and again, and set up a tent on the side of the hill to settle down. Then he fenced around the tent with sharpened stakes and dug holes behind it.
He used simple tools to make furniture such as tables and chairs. He hunted game for food and drank fresh water from streams. He survived the initial difficulties.
He began growing barley and rice on the island, making wooden mortars, pestles and sieves, processing flour and baking rough bread. He catches and domesticates wild goats for breeding.
He also made pottery and so on, guaranteeing his life needs. A "country villa" and a farm were also built at the other end of the desert island.
Nevertheless, Robinson never gave up looking for a way to leave the island.
Shortly afterwards, he found traces of human bones and burning, where a group of savages from the outer islands once held a feast of human flesh. Robinson was shocked. Since then, he has remained vigilant and more attentive to his surroundings.
Until the twenty-fourth year, a group of savages arrived on the island with prisoners ready to kill and eat.
Robinson found out and rescued one of them. Because that day was Friday, Robinson named the captive "Friday". Since then, Friday has become Robinson's loyal servant and friend. Then Robinson rescued a Spaniard and his father on Friday.
Soon a British ship was moored near the island. The sailors rebelled and abandoned the captain and three others. Robinson and "Friday" helped the captain overpower the rebellious sailors and recapture the ship.
He left the crew on the island and returned to England with Friday and the captain. Robinson had been away from home for 35 years (28 years on the island).
中文翻译:
鲁滨逊漂流记
出生于一个体面的商人家庭,渴望航海,一心想去海外见识一番。他瞒着父亲出海,到了伦敦,从那购买了一些假珠子、玩具等到非洲做生意。
第四次航海时,船在途中遇到风暴触礁,船上同伴全部遇难,唯有鲁滨逊幸存,只身漂流到一个荒无人烟的孤岛上。他用沉船的桅杆做了木筏,一次又一次地把船上的食物、衣服、枪支弹药等运到岸上,并在小山边搭起帐篷定居下来。接着他用削尖的木桩在帐篷周围围上栅栏,在帐篷后挖洞居住。他用简单的工具制作桌、椅等家具,猎野味为食,饮溪里的淡水,度过了最初遇到的困难。
他开始在岛上种植大麦和稻子,自制木臼、木杵、筛子,加工面粉,烘出了粗糙的面包。他捕捉并驯养,让其繁殖。
他还制作陶器等等,保证了自己的生活需要。还在荒岛的另一端建了一个“乡间别墅”和一个养殖场。
虽然这样,鲁滨逊一直没有放弃寻找离开孤岛的办法。
不久,他又发现了人骨和生过火的痕迹,原来外岛的一群野人曾在这里举行过人肉宴。鲁滨逊惊愕万分。此后他便一直保持警惕,更加留心周围的事物。直到第24年,岛上又来了一群野人,带着准备杀死并吃掉的俘虏。
鲁滨逊发现后,救出了其中的一个。因为那一天是星期五,所以鲁滨逊把被救的俘虏取名为“星期五”。此后,“星期五”成了鲁滨逊忠实的仆人和朋友。接着,鲁滨逊带着“星期五”救出了一个西班牙人和“星期五”的父亲。
不久有条英国船在岛附近停泊,船上水手叛乱,把船长等三人抛弃在岛上,鲁滨逊与“星期五”帮助船长制服了那帮叛乱水手,夺回了船只。
他把那帮水手留在岛上,自己带着“星期五”和船长等离开荒岛回到英国。此时鲁滨逊已离家35年(在岛上住了28年)。
扩展资料:
人物介绍
1、鲁滨逊
17世纪中叶,鲁滨逊·克鲁索出生在英国一个的家庭,他本可以按照父亲的安排,依靠殷实的家产过一种平静而优裕的生活。然而。一心想外出闯荡的鲁滨逊却当上了充满惊险和刺激的水手,航行于波涛汹涌、危机四伏的大海上。
后来遭遇船难而流落荒岛,英国流亡贵族鲁滨逊在极度与世隔绝的情况下,运用水手时代训练而来的地理方位标示、天象人文观测、日移与潮汐变化登计法等与奥妙的自然搏斗,同日,记录下自己的荒岛生涯,并随时等待时机逃离绝境。
鲁滨逊在自治的日历星期五这一天,救下了男孩星期五,星期五是被食人族作为祭祀的祭品带到荒岛上来的,无法再回到他的部族。
随着两个人的朝夕相处,鲁滨逊面对一个与自己不同种族、宗教及文化的人,慢慢改变了自己,两人发展成亦父亦友的情谊。这份文明世界所缺少的友谊成为鲁滨逊后来经历20多年荒岛生活的精神支柱。
英文简介:
Robinson
In the mid-17th century, Robinson Crusoe was born in a middle-class family in Britain. He could have lived a peaceful and prosperous life depending on his rich family according to his father's arrangement. However.
Robinson, who wanted to go out, became a sailor full of adventure and excitement, sailing in the rough and dangerous sea. Later, in the case of shipwreck, Robinson, a British aristocrat in exile, was in extreme isolation from the rest of the world.
He used geographical orientation marks, astronomical and human observation, day-shift and tide-change landing methods trained in the sailor's era to fight against the mysterious nature.
On the same day, he recorded his life on the desert island and waited for the opportunity to escape from the desperate situation. Robinson saved the cannibal boy on the day of the autonomous calendar Friday, which was brought to the desert island as a sacrificial offering by the cannibals and could not return to his tribe.
With the two people getting along day and night, Robinson gradually changed himself to a person of different races, religions and cultures, and they developed into a friendship between father and friend.
The friendship that the civilized world lacked became the spiritual pillar of Robinson's life on a desert island for more than 20 years.
2、星期五
星期五是一个野人,有一次在沙滩上差点被另一个部落的野人吃掉,但鲁滨逊最后救了他,正好当天是星期五,所以鲁滨逊就给他命名为“星期五”。
也由于他们之间的真挚友谊他才得以存活下去,并回到了家乡。
星期五是一个朴素、忠诚的朋友和智慧的勇者,他,忠诚有,适应能力强,他和鲁滨逊合作着施展不同的技能在岛上度过了许多年,星期五的到来让鲁滨逊圆了归家梦,自己则做了鲁滨逊的助手。星期五要求上进,很快就融入了文明人的生活,是个乐观,可爱的人。
英文简介:
Friday was a savage man who was almost eaten by a savage from another tribe on the beach, but Robinson finally saved him. It was Friday that day, so Robinson named him "Friday".
It was also because of their sincere friendship that he survived and returned to his hometown.
Friday was a simple, loyal friend and wise brave man. He was loyal, responsible and adaptable. He spent many years on the island in cooperation with Robinson. The arrival of Friday helped Robinson realize his dream of returning home.
He was Robinson's assistant. Fridays are demanding progress, and they are soon integrated into the life of civilized people. They are optimistic and lovely people.
参考资料来源:
本回答被网友采纳内容简介:
遭遇船难而流落荒岛的英国流亡贵族鲁滨逊,在极度与世隔绝的情况下,运用水手时代训练而来的地理方位标示,天象人文观测,日移与潮汐变化登计法,与奥妙的自然搏斗,同时记录下自己的荒岛生涯,并随时等待时机与别逃离绝境。鲁滨逊在自治的日历星期五这一天,从食人族手中救出一个土著小孩,因此为他取名“星期五”作为纪念。星期五是被食人族作为祭祀的祭品带到荒岛上来的,无法再回到他的部族,随着两个人的朝夕相处,鲁滨逊面对一个与自己不同种族,宗教,及文化的人,慢慢改变了自己,两人发展成亦父亦友情谊。这份文明世界所缺少的友谊成为鲁滨
作者简介:
英国作家。生于伦敦。父亲经营屠宰业。笛福只受过中等教育,信奉不属于英国国教的长老会教派。二十多岁时,笛福已是伦敦一个体面的商人,经营过内衣、烟酒业等等,到过欧洲大陆。1692年经商破产,不得不以其他方式谋生。他给政府当过情报员,设计过开发事业。他还从事写作,早年以写政论文和讽刺诗著称,反对封建专制,主张发展资本主义工商业。1698年他发表了《论开发》,建议修筑公路,开办银行,征收所得税,举办水火保险,设立疯人院,创办女学等。1702年他在政论文《消灭不同教派的捷径》中用反语讽刺政府的宗教歧视政策,由于文笔巧妙,开始未被识破,发觉后被捕入狱6个月,并受枷刑示众。他受枷刑时散发了他的长诗《枷刑颂》,讽刺法律的不公,围观的伦敦市民把他奉为英雄。1704年至1713年,他为哈利主办《评论》杂志,制造舆论,搜集情报。1719年笛福发表了他的第一部小说《鲁滨孙飘流记》,大受读者欢迎。接着出版了《鲁滨孙飘流续记》。1720年他又写了《鲁滨孙的沉思集》。此后还相继发表了《辛格尔顿船长》(1720)、《摩尔·费兰德斯》(1722)、《杰克上校》(1722)和《罗克萨娜》(1724)等长篇小说以及《彼得大帝》(1723)等传记。
Robinson Crusoe
by Daniel Defoe
Chapter 1: Start in Life
Chapter 2: Slavery and Escape
Chapter 3: Wrecked on a Desert Island
Chapter 4: First Weeks on the Island
Chapter 5: Builds a House - The Journal
Chapter 6: Ill and Conscience-Stricken
Chapter 7: Agricultural Experience
Chapter 8: Surveys His Position
Chapter 9: A Boat
Chapter 10: Tames Goats
Chapter 11: Finds Print of Man's Foot on the Sand
Chapter 12: A Cave Retreat
Chapter 13: Wreck of a Spanish Ship
Chapter 14: A Dream Realised
Chapter 15: Friday's Education
Chapter 16: Rescue of Prisoners from Cannibals
Chapter 17: Visit of Mutineers
Chapter 18: The Ship Recovered
Chapter 19: Return to England
Chapter 20: Fight Between Friday and a Beard
About the Author
English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, author of Robinson Crusoe (1719), a story of a man shipwrecked alone on an island. Along with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel. Before his time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas. He produced some 200 works of nonfiction prose in addition to close 2 000 short essays in periodical publications, several of which he also edited.
Defoe was born as the son of James Foe, a butcher of Stroke Newington, whose stubborn puritanism occasionally comes through Defoe's writing. He studied at Charles Morton's Academy, London. Although his Nonconformist father intended him for the ministry, Defoe plunged into politics and trade, travelling extensively in Europe. Throughout his life Defoe also wrote about mercantile projects, but his business ventures failed and left him with large debts, seventeen thousand pounds - which he later paid off.
In the early 1680s Defoe was a commission merchant in Cornhill but went bankrupt in 1691. In 1684 he married Mary Tuffley; they had two sons and five daughters. Defoe was involved in Monmouth rebellion in 1685 against James II. While hiding as a fugitive in a churchyard after the rebellion was put down, he noticed the name Robinson Crusoe carved on a stone, and later gave it to his famous hero. Defoe became a supporter of William II, joining his army in 1688, and gaining a mercenary reputation because change of allegiance. From 1695 to 1699 he was an accountant to the commissioners of the glass duty and then associated with a brick and tile works in Tilbury. The business failed in 1703.
In 1702 Defoe wrote his famous pamphlet The Shortest-Way with the Dissenters. Himself a Dissenter he mimicked the extreme attitudes of High Anglican Tories and pretended to argue for the extermination of all Dissenters. Nobody was amused, Defoe was arrested in May 1703, but released in return for services as a pamphleteer and intelligence agent to Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, and the Tories. While in prison Defoe wrote a mock ode, Hymn to the Pillory (1703). The poem was sold in the streets, the audience drank to his health while he stood in the pillory and read aloud his verses.
When the Tories fell from power Defoe continued to carry out intelligence work for the Whig government. In his own days Defoe was regarded as an unscrupulous, diabolical journalist. Defoe used a number of pen names, including Eye Witness, T.Taylor, and Andrew Morton, Merchant. His most unusual pen name was 'Heliostrapolis, secretary to the Emperor of the Moon,' used on his political satire The Consolidator, or Memoirs of Sundry Transactions from the World in the Moon (1705). His political writings were widely read and made him powerful enemies. His most remarkable achievement during Queen Anne's reign was the periodical A Review of the Affairs of France, and of All Europe (1704-1713). It was published weekly, later three times a week and resembled a modern newspapers. From 1716 to 1720 Defoe edited Mercurius Politicus, then the Manufacturer (1720), and the Director (1720-21). He was contributor from 1715 to periodicals published by Nathaniel Mist.
Defoe was one of the first to write stories about believable characters in realistic situations using simple prose. He achieved literary immortality when in April 1719 he published Robinson Crusoe, which was based partly on the memoirs of voyagers and castaways, such as Alexander Selkirk. However, at first Defoe had troubles in finding a publisher for the book and eventually received £10 for the manuscript. Employing a first-person narrator and apparently genuine journal entries, Defoe created a realistic frame for the novel, which distinguished it from its predecessors. The account of a shipwrecked sailor was a comment both on the human need for society and the equally powerful impulse for solitude. But it also offered a dream of building a private kingdom, a self-made Utopia, and being completely self-sufficient. By giving a vivid reality to a theme with large mythic implications, the story have since fascinated generations of readers as well as authors like Joachim Heinrich Campen, Jules Verne, R.L. Stevenson, Johann Wyss (Der schweizerische Robinson), Michael Tournier (Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique), J.M. Coetzee (Foe), and other creators of Robinsonade stories.
During the remaining years, Defoe concentrated on books rather than pamphlets. At the age of 62 he published Moll Flanders, a Journal of the Plague Year and Colonel Jack. His last great work of fiction, Roxana, appeared in 1724. Defoe's choice of a female protagonist in Moll Flanders reflected his interest in the female experience. Moll is born in Newgate, where her mother is under sentence of death for theft. Herr sentence is commuted to transportation to Virginia. The abandoned child is educated by a gentlewoman. Moll suffers romantic disillusionment when she is ruined at the hands of a cynical male seducer, she becomes a whore and a thief, but finally she gains the status of a gentlewoman through the spoils of a successful colonial plantation.
In the 1720s Defoe had ceased to be politically controversial in his writings, and he produced several historical works, a guide book A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724-27, 3 vols.), The Great Law of Subordination Considered (1724), an examination of the treatment of servants, and The Complete English Tradesman (1726).
Phenomenally industrious, Defoe produced in his last years also works involving the supernatural, The Political History of the Devil (1726) and An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions (1727). He died on 26 April, 1731, at his lodgings in Ropemaker's Alley, Moorfields.
Author biographies courtesy of Author's Calendar. Used with permission.
《鲁滨逊漂流记》取材于苏格兰水手亚力山大·赛尔柯克(Alexander Selkirk)独自在荒岛生活五年的真实经历,是一部回忆录式的冒险小说。主人公鲁滨逊不安于闲适平淡,一心想到海上冒险,19岁时不顾家人反对,私自离家当了水手。遭遇暴风雨时,他曾想到放弃,但一旦适应,他便决心继续冒险。没多久,他们的船受到海盗袭击,鲁滨逊被海盗掳去,沦为摩尔人的奴隶,后来获救随葡萄牙船只前往巴西,在巴西经营过种植园。在一次前往非洲贩奴途中,鲁滨逊所乘船只遭遇风暴触礁,只有鲁滨逊-人幸免于难,流落在一个荒无人烟的海岛上,开始了长达28年2个月零19天的荒岛生活。经历初期的沮丧之后,孤独无依的鲁滨逊没有怨天尤人,而是设法生存,期待将来获得营救离开荒岛。他自制木排,把触礁后尚未沉没的船上的食物、火药、工具等运到岛上,以备使用。他搭建窝篷、狩猎捕鱼、驯养山羊、种粮制磨,还自己烧陶器、缝皮衣、做面包、凿制独木舟。鲁滨逊克服种种困难,在荒岛上生存下来,并且详细记录岛上所发生的每一件事。后来,鲁滨逊从食人生番手中救下一个土著人,给他取名“星期五”。星期五心甘情愿作他的奴隶,成了鲁滨逊忠实的仆人和相依为命的同伴。最后,一艘英国船停泊在附近,鲁滨逊协助船长平息船员哗变,夺回船只,终于得以离开荒岛返回英国。完整的《鲁滨逊漂流记》共有三个部分,本书节选的是前两个部分,在第三部分中鲁滨逊再次离家远行。
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After spending some time in the Pacific, they were preparing to return to England with their booty. Their ship had suffered considerable damage in battle and Selkirk felt they needed to repair her before setting off around the Horn. The captain disagreed. After an argument, Selkirk refused to go any farther and demanded he be set ashore on the Island of Juan Fernandez, which was about 400 miles off the coast of Chile. The captain was glad to do this.
After about two years on the island he finally saw a ship and ran down to the shore to look it. He realized almost too late that it was a Spanish ship and the Spaniards opened fire on him. They were unable to find him and eventually left. He was much more cautious after that