如题所述
非延续动词也就是终止性动词的用法特征 :
终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如: (1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years. 正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days. 正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago. 正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完
延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法
1、现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,而与一段时间连用时应注意
句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可以和一段时间连用。
我离开家乡我离开家乡已有10年了
误:I have left my hometown for 10 years.
正:I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.
我买这本书已有两天了。
误:I have bought this book for two days.
正:I have had this book for two days.
2、在否定句中,非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.
我已经好几个月没去看他了。