如题所述
一、用关系词完成定语从句。
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
希望对你能有所帮助。
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
希望对你能有所帮助。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答 2014-08-09
一、用关系词完成定语从句。
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
以上回答你满意么?本回答被网友采纳
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
以上回答你满意么?本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答 2014-08-09
一、用关系词完成定语从句。
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
希望对你能有所帮助。
1. Do you remember the teacher _______ taught us English in the middle school?
2. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, _______ is known to all.
3. One of my colleagues _______ you are familiar with will come today.
4. The general’s daughter, _______ name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile.
5. We are all proud of the Great Wall, _______ is one of the man-made wonders of the world.
6. My father, _______ is an English teacher, often encourages me to work hard.
7. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
8. Great changes have taken place in the factory _______ we are working.
9. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine ________ you asked for.
10. The reason ________ I am calling you is to invite you to my birthday party.
二、同义句转换(每空一词)。
1. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
→October 1, 1949 was the day ____ ____ the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. The palace that I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
→The palace ____ ____ I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
3. The boy, whose brother is a teacher, is sitting over there.
→The boy, ____ ____ ____ ____ is a teacher, is sitting over there.
4. All the guests who were invited to the party were enjoying themselves.
→All the guests ____ to the party were enjoying themselves.
5. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→_______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
→The moon travels round the earth once every month, _______ is known to everybody,
三、对比填空。
1. ① Our company will move to the tall building _____ we worked two years ago.
② Our company will move to the tall building _______ has just been complete.
③ Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.
2. ① Do you still remember the days ______ we stayed together in Beijing?
② Do you still remember the days ______ we spent together in Beijing?
3. ① Have you ever asked him the reason _______ may explain his being late?
② Every one of us knows the reason _______ winter is colder than summer.
4. ① Is this the farm ________ your father worked ten years ago?
② Is this the farm ________ you visited the other day?
5. ① To tell the truth, I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
② You should treat him the way ______ suits him most. After all, he is only a child.
6. ① He came at a time ______ I was about to leave for London.
② It’s the first time ______ she has been to the United States, isn’t it?
四、单项填空。
1. Antarctic ________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
2. —Where did you find your bag?
—It was on the playground _______ we played football.
A. that B. which C. where D. there
3. She’ll never forget the time _______ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.
A. which B. when C. how D. where
4. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow(肤浅的)he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
5. Gone are the days _________ we spent together with my sisters in the village.
A. that B. when C. in which D. on which
6. The photo brought the days back to me _______ I was invited to visit the Three Georges. .
A. who B. when C. that D. which
Key:
一、1. that / who 2. as / which 3. that /who / whom
4. whose 5. which
6. who 7. when 8. where
9. that / which 10. why / that
二、1. on which 2. to which 3. the brother of whom
4. invited 5. As; as / which
三、1. ① where / in which ② that / which ③ that / which
2. ① when ② that / which
3. ① that / which ② why / for which
4. ① where / on which ② that / which
5. ① that / in which ② that / which
6. ① when ② that
四、1-6 DCADA B
希望对你能有所帮助。
第3个回答 2014-08-09
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
定语从句功能及位置
功能:定语从句相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
例:Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please.
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.)
关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book
关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
2,Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替)
(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
3,which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
4,as
as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时一般不省略,指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。
5,as与which的区别
①as可以放在句首,而which不行
②as表示主观,which表示客观事实
③as引导非限制性定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点
在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
先行词和关系词
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C。
此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;
例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异。
1. 表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2. 表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem),主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如:
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
满意请采纳。
定语从句功能及位置
功能:定语从句相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。
位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
例:Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please.
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.)
关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词,甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语等,关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book
关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
2,Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替)
(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
3,which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语)
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语)
4,as
as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时一般不省略,指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。
5,as与which的区别
①as可以放在句首,而which不行
②as表示主观,which表示客观事实
③as引导非限制性定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点
在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
先行词和关系词
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C。
此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;
例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异。
1. 表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2. 表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem),主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如:
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
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