文章如下
在踏入全球现代化的步伐20世纪至21世纪中，化石燃料潜在著能源短缺的危机，特别是从石油提炼出来的汽油，是引致全球石油危机的一个原因。到目前为止,世界各国所用的燃料几乎都是化石燃料,即石油、天然气和煤。自然界经历几百万年逐渐形成的化石燃料,可能在几百年内全部被人类耗尽。现时，全球正趋向发展可再生能源和核能，这可以帮助增加全球的能源所需。
巴西煤矿储量230亿吨，但品位低。石油储量约36亿桶，另有相当于15亿桶石油的油页岩，天然气储量1330亿立方米。
巴西车用乙醇第二大生产国。巴西2007年的车用乙醇产量达到190亿升，位居全球第二，仅次于美国，这使得巴西大街小巷行驶的车辆对汽油的依赖大幅减少。这不仅增强了巴西的能源保障，同时减少了交通运输所排放的温室气体。包括美国和欧盟成员在内的其他国家也在扩大乙醇生产，这一过程中使用的大量农产品与世界粮食价格上涨几乎同步出现。一时间，乙醇成了千夫所指的导致粮食危机的原因之一。
巴西探索液体生物燃料的历史可以追溯到1920年代，到1975年巴西推出了国家乙醇计划，经过不断地摸索，特别是随着可以使用任何乙醇和汽油配比的灵活燃料汽车在2003年推出，使巴西的车用乙醇生产得到了巨大的推动。
巴西的能源组合中只有37%是石油，46%来自甘蔗和水电这样的可再生能源。
巴西的确是一个独特的例子，与美国用玉米生产乙醇、欧盟用油菜籽生产生物柴油不同的是，巴西用甘蔗生产乙醇。随着近几年生物燃料生产规模扩大，玉米和油菜籽的价格成倍增长，而蔗糖价格却没有大幅上涨，在2007年的头九个月反而下降。这从一个角度说明了巴西生产乙醇所用的大量甘蔗并没有影响蔗糖的生产。
生物燃料与石油和煤炭一类的化石燃料相比具有降低温室气体排放的潜能，但这取决于生产生物燃料的过程占用了多少土地、消耗了多少能源。据粮农组织估计，由于巴西甘蔗的单位产量高、提炼乙醇的过程将废渣用作燃料，因此与化石燃料相比，巴西乙醇能够减少80%到90%的温室气体排放，而玉米乙醇只能减少10%到30%。玉米乙醇的减排效果不佳，但据国际粮食政策研究所估计，世界玉米价格的上涨在20%的程度上是由于美国的乙醇生产。
同时，2008，把学习也开始积极研究用象草代替化石燃料。
满意的话有追加...谢谢！
With the advent of the pace of global modernization in the 20th century to the 21st century, fossil fuels with a potential energy shortage crisis, especially from oil-derived gasoline is the possibility of a global oil crisis in one of the reasons. So far, the fuel used by countries around the world almost all fossil fuels, namely oil, gas and coal. Experience of millions of years evolving nature of fossil fuels, may be a few hundred years, humans have all been exhausted. At present, the world is moving towards the development of renewable energy and nuclear power, which can help increase the world's energy needs.
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix is only 37% oil, 46% comes from sugar cane, water and electricity such as renewable energy sources.
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can reduce 80% to 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, while the corn-based ethanol can reduce the 10% to 30%. Emission reduction effect of corn-based ethanol poor, but according to the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates, the world corn price increases in the extent of 20% is due to the U.S. ethanol production.
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
………………希望能帮到你！
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix is only 37% oil, 46% comes from sugar cane, water and electricity such as renewable energy sources.
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can reduce 80% to 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, while the corn-based ethanol can reduce the 10% to 30%. Emission reduction effect of corn-based ethanol poor, but according to the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates, the world corn price increases in the extent of 20% is due to the U.S. ethanol production.
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
………………希望能帮到你！
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第1个回答 2010-02-28
With the advent of the pace of global modernization in the 20th century to the 21st century, fossil fuels with a potential energy shortage crisis, especially from oil-derived gasoline is the possibility of a global oil crisis in one of the reasons. So far, the fuel used by countries around the world almost all fossil fuels, namely oil, gas and coal. Experience of millions of years evolving nature of fossil fuels, may be a few hundred years, humans have all been exhausted. At present, the world is moving towards the development of renewable energy and nuclear power, which can help increase the world's energy needs.
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix, only 37 of sheath � stop? 6 vinegar is willing to withdraw � income-Min Zeng approach of taking � � Mo Chu Chung-kai, head slightly
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can be reduced by 80? 0 Nye the rate of shift � haste Europe bovine � � panties shortage of sediment tuck Jia Xiang stumble? 0? 0S panties sediment tuck envy had raised metatarsal sub-Ч � suffering dizzy � � Scopalia japonica maxin � persimmon Gan crazy � bang core g � weary � Lan Lan Na Valerian panties quasi-鄹 acquire insurance theft? 0 cowardly take along a little blame-Tan Wang stopped bag tuck � � � bogey
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix, only 37 of sheath � stop? 6 vinegar is willing to withdraw � income-Min Zeng approach of taking � � Mo Chu Chung-kai, head slightly
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can be reduced by 80? 0 Nye the rate of shift � haste Europe bovine � � panties shortage of sediment tuck Jia Xiang stumble? 0? 0S panties sediment tuck envy had raised metatarsal sub-Ч � suffering dizzy � � Scopalia japonica maxin � persimmon Gan crazy � bang core g � weary � Lan Lan Na Valerian panties quasi-鄹 acquire insurance theft? 0 cowardly take along a little blame-Tan Wang stopped bag tuck � � � bogey
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
第2个回答 2010-03-02
With the advent of the pace of global modernization in the 20th century to the 21st century, fossil fuels with a potential energy shortage crisis, especially from oil-derived gasoline is the possibility of a global oil crisis in one of the reasons. So far, the fuel used by countries around the world almost all fossil fuels, namely oil, gas and coal. Experience of millions of years evolving nature of fossil fuels, may be a few hundred years, humans have all been exhausted. At present, the world is moving towards the development of renewable energy and nuclear power, which can help increase the world's energy needs.
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix is only 37% oil, 46% comes from sugar cane, water and electricity such as renewable energy sources.
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can reduce 80% to 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, while the corn-based ethanol can reduce the 10% to 30%. Emission reduction effect of corn-based ethanol poor, but according to the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates, the world corn price increases in the extent of 20% is due to the U.S. ethanol production.
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
Brazil's coal reserves are 23 billion tons, but the low grade. About 36 billion barrels of oil reserves, and another 15 billion barrels of oil equivalent of oil shale, natural gas reserves of 133 billion cubic meters.
Brazil's second-largest vehicle producer of ethanol. Brazil's 2007 vehicle output reached 19 billion liters of ethanol, ranking second in the world after the United States, which makes vehicles on the streets of Brazil's dependence on gasoline substantially reduced. This not only enhances Brazil's energy security, while reducing transportation emissions of greenhouse gases. Including the United States and other countries, including EU members are also expanding ethanol production, the process used in a large number of agricultural products and world food prices have risen almost simultaneously appear. For a time, ethanol has become universal condemnation that led to one of the reasons the food crisis.
Liquid bio-fuels in Brazil to explore the history of the 1920s can be traced back to 1975, Brazil launched the national ethanol program, through constant trial and error, especially as you can use any ratio of ethanol and gasoline and flexible fuel vehicles launched in 2003, so that vehicle ethanol production in Brazil has been a huge boost.
Brazil's energy mix is only 37% oil, 46% comes from sugar cane, water and electricity such as renewable energy sources.
Brazil is indeed a unique example of corn to produce ethanol with the United States, the European Union with rapeseed biodiesel is different is that Brazil uses sugar cane to produce ethanol. As in recent years, the scale of the expansion of biofuel production, corn and rapeseed prices have doubled and redoubled, while sugar prices are not expected to rise substantially in 2007, the first nine months of the worse. This is evident from a production point of view of Brazil shows a large number of sugar cane used for ethanol did not affect the sugar cane production.
Bio-fuel and oil and coal, a type of fossil fuels has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but it depends on the production of bio-fuels take up much land, how much energy consumption. According to FAO estimates, because of Brazil's sugar cane yields high ethanol refining process will be residues as fuel, so when compared with fossil fuels, the Brazilian ethanol can reduce 80% to 90% of greenhouse gas emissions, while the corn-based ethanol can reduce the 10% to 30%. Emission reduction effect of corn-based ethanol poor, but according to the International Food Policy Research Institute estimates, the world corn price increases in the extent of 20% is due to the U.S. ethanol production.
At the same time, 2008, the study also began to actively research elephant grass to replace fossil fuels.
第3个回答 2010-03-07
生物的身体，生物必须有一定的硬体，包括诸如牙齿 外壳 干茎 叶脉。。。。。。
