请把下面的一篇文章翻译成英文，不要软件翻译，谢谢大家啊
截至2003年，中国荒漠化土地有267.4万平方公里，占国土总面积的27.9%，涉及18个省区的471个县市。每年因荒漠化造成的直接经济损失高达540多亿元。而且每年以3436平方公里的速度扩展。据介绍，中国已治理10%的沙化土地，到2010年，中国要力争实现基本遏制土地沙化扩展的趋势。到2020年，中国将整体上实现沙化土地的逆转；到2050年，争取使凡能治理的沙化土地基本得到治理。那么造成中国荒漠化问题的原因在哪里，中国采取了什么措施来防治？中国荒漠化防治专家马文元研究员在接受海峡之声广播电台记者采访时表示，荒漠化是地球上最为普遍的土地退化形式，被称为“地球的癌症”。地球上荒漠化的潜在发生范围约5170万平方公里，约占全球陆地面积的40%，其中荒漠化土地为3620万平方公里。中国荒漠化的潜在发生范围约330万平方公里，遍布于中国的西北、华北和东北西部地区，占国土面积的34.6%。其中80%的土地已发生不同程度的荒漠化。
在谈到造成中国土地荒漠化的原因时，马文元研究员认为，随着沙尘暴的日益频繁，土地荒漠化越来越引起人们的注意。土地荒漠化不断扩张，除气候变化因素外，主要是不合理的人为活动造成的，主要可归纳为“六滥”——滥恳、滥伐、滥牧、滥采、滥用水资源及滥猎，并且通常是多种因素同时加成作用，使中国的土地荒漠化趋势日益扩大。
一、滥恳。由于人口增长和短期利益驱动，许多地方无计划、无节制的进行开垦，砍林除草，又没有作好水土保持和生态维护工作，导致土地荒漠化，更加速生态脆弱地区沙化进程，“一年开草场，二年打点量，三年五年变沙粱”情况频繁发生。
二、滥伐。因为沙化地区主要能源为燃烧薪材，随著人口的增加，居民大量砍伐林木，甚至连用来防风固沙的的防护林也不能幸免。
三、滥牧。由于长期超限利用，比如沙漠化地区草场超载率达到50%，部分地我甚至高达300%，不但造成草原大面积退化、沙化，每年以两三千万亩的退化速度扩大，而且草原生产力也比五十年代下降约30%～50%。草原“五十年代没腰深，六十年代没臀，七十年代没膝，八十年代没脚脖子”的顺口溜形象地说明这种困境。
四、滥采。每年春秋两季，大批人员涌入内蒙，甘肃等地开采经济价值高的甘草，发菜和中药材，加上各式采矿工程大面积毁林除草，破坏植被，导致大片森林，草场沙化。
五、滥用水资源。由于中国仍以大水漫灌方式灌溉，严重浪费水资源，而西北和华北地区干旱少雨，加上水资源未合理分配与管理，河流上游过度用水，造成下游缺水，大面积植被枯死，土地沙化。而当地居民又超量放牧羊群，更加速了草场退化、沙化速度，目前沙化面积已达六万平方公里，为沙尘暴提供无尽沙源；另由于水资源不够使用，大量超采地下水，也导致地面植被枯死，地面植被因此大面积死亡，土地退化。
六、滥猎。富经济价值的野生动物因为栖息地被破坏或遭大量盗猎，数量锐减，使维持生态系统平衡的生物链失衡，间接造成沙化。如青海原本专吃野鼠的猎隼非常多，后因大量被盗捕，使鼠害氾滥，大面积啃食草原，导致土地荒漠化。
As of 2003, land desertification in China has 2.674 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.9% of the total land area, covering 18 provinces of the 471 counties. Caused by desertification every year in direct economic losses amounted to more than 540 billion yuan. And the rate of annual expansion of 3,436 square kilometers. According to reports, China has 10% of the desertified land management, by 2010, China will strive to achieve the basic curb the trend of expansion of land desertification. By 2020, China will achieve the overall reversal of desertified land; to 2050, for the treatment of desertified land who can basically be governed. Then caused the causes of desertification in China where, what measures has China taken to combat? China's desertification control expert researcher Ma Wenyuan Radio Voice of the Straits in an interview that desertification is most common on Earth in the form of land degradation, known as the "Earth's cancer." Earth potential occurrence of desertification area of about 51.7 million square kilometers, accounting for 40% of global land area, of which desertification was 36.2 million square kilometers of land. The potential occurrence of desertification in China range of about 330 million square kilometers, are found in China's northwest, north and north-western region, accounting for 34.6% of land area. 80% of the land has occurred in varying degrees of desertification.
Resulting in about the causes of desertification in China, Ma Wenyuan, researchers believe that, with increasingly frequent dust storms, desertification has drawn increasing attention. The continuous expansion of desertification, in addition to climate change factors, mainly caused by irrational human activities, mainly can be summarized as "six excesses" - Ken abuse, deforestation, excessive grazing, excessive, indiscriminate exploitation of water resources and hunting, And while many factors are usually additive effect, making China's the growing trend of desertification.
First, the abuse of Ken. Because of population growth and short-term benefits, many parts of the unplanned, uncontrolled for reclamation, weed cutting forests, but also not prepared soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance, leading to desertification, but also accelerate the desertification process in ecologically fragile areas, "opened a year pasture, RBI two years the amount of sand beams become three to five years, "occurs frequently.
Second, deforestation. Because the main source of energy for the burning of arid areas of fuelwood, with the increase of population, residents cut down trees, and even used sand-fixing in the shelter were not spared.
Third, and overgrazing. Because long-term overuse, such as desertification, Grassland overload rate of 50%, in part, I even up to 300%, not only caused large-scale grassland degradation, desertification, degradation of an annual rate of expansion of two or three Qianwan Mu, and grassland productivity than five decreased by about ten years on behalf of the 30% to 50%. Prairie "waist deep without the fifties and sixties did not hip, knee seventies and eighties did not ankle," the jingle vividly illustrate this dilemma.
Fourth, excessive. Spring and autumn every year, the influx of large numbers of people in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other exploitation of high economic value of licorice, seaweed and herbs, plus various types of large-scale deforestation, mining engineering weeding, removal of vegetation, resulting in large areas of forest, grassland desertification.
Fifth, the abuse of water resources. As the Chinese way of irrigation, flood irrigation is still a serious waste of water resources, while the Northwest and North China drought, coupled with no rational allocation of water resources and management, excessive use of water upstream of the river, causing downstream water shortages, large areas of dead vegetation, land desertification . The local residents have over-grazing sheep, but also accelerates the grassland degradation, desertification rate, the current desertification area has reached sixty thousand square kilometers, to provide endless sources of sand dust storms; other use of water resources is not enough, a lot of exploitation of groundwater has resulted in ground vegetation withered, so large areas of dead ground vegetation, land degradation.
VI hunting abuse. Economic value of wildlife-rich because of habitat destruction or by a large number of poaching, the number dropped, to maintain the ecosystem balance of the food chain imbalance, indirectly causing desertification. Such as the Qinghai vole was originally the hunting falcon eats a lot, due to a large number of stolen fishing, so that the proliferation of rodents, a large area grazed grassland, leading to desertification
Resulting in about the causes of desertification in China, Ma Wenyuan, researchers believe that, with increasingly frequent dust storms, desertification has drawn increasing attention. The continuous expansion of desertification, in addition to climate change factors, mainly caused by irrational human activities, mainly can be summarized as "six excesses" - Ken abuse, deforestation, excessive grazing, excessive, indiscriminate exploitation of water resources and hunting, And while many factors are usually additive effect, making China's the growing trend of desertification.
First, the abuse of Ken. Because of population growth and short-term benefits, many parts of the unplanned, uncontrolled for reclamation, weed cutting forests, but also not prepared soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance, leading to desertification, but also accelerate the desertification process in ecologically fragile areas, "opened a year pasture, RBI two years the amount of sand beams become three to five years, "occurs frequently.
Second, deforestation. Because the main source of energy for the burning of arid areas of fuelwood, with the increase of population, residents cut down trees, and even used sand-fixing in the shelter were not spared.
Third, and overgrazing. Because long-term overuse, such as desertification, Grassland overload rate of 50%, in part, I even up to 300%, not only caused large-scale grassland degradation, desertification, degradation of an annual rate of expansion of two or three Qianwan Mu, and grassland productivity than five decreased by about ten years on behalf of the 30% to 50%. Prairie "waist deep without the fifties and sixties did not hip, knee seventies and eighties did not ankle," the jingle vividly illustrate this dilemma.
Fourth, excessive. Spring and autumn every year, the influx of large numbers of people in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other exploitation of high economic value of licorice, seaweed and herbs, plus various types of large-scale deforestation, mining engineering weeding, removal of vegetation, resulting in large areas of forest, grassland desertification.
Fifth, the abuse of water resources. As the Chinese way of irrigation, flood irrigation is still a serious waste of water resources, while the Northwest and North China drought, coupled with no rational allocation of water resources and management, excessive use of water upstream of the river, causing downstream water shortages, large areas of dead vegetation, land desertification . The local residents have over-grazing sheep, but also accelerates the grassland degradation, desertification rate, the current desertification area has reached sixty thousand square kilometers, to provide endless sources of sand dust storms; other use of water resources is not enough, a lot of exploitation of groundwater has resulted in ground vegetation withered, so large areas of dead ground vegetation, land degradation.
VI hunting abuse. Economic value of wildlife-rich because of habitat destruction or by a large number of poaching, the number dropped, to maintain the ecosystem balance of the food chain imbalance, indirectly causing desertification. Such as the Qinghai vole was originally the hunting falcon eats a lot, due to a large number of stolen fishing, so that the proliferation of rodents, a large area grazed grassland, leading to desertification
温馨提示：答案为网友推荐，仅供参考
第1个回答 2010-11-21
By 2003, China desertification of land has 267.4 square kilometers, accounting for land area of 27.9%, involved in 18 provinces of 471 counties. Every year because of the direct economic losses caused desertification as 5.4 billion yuan. And every year by 3436 square km speed expansion. According to introducing, China has over 10% of the desertification of land, by 2010, China will strive to realize basic curb land desertification expansion trend. By 2020, China will achieve the whole land desertification reversal, By the year 2050, strive for to everyone who can the to-be-transformed desertification of land has been basically governance. So the reason of the problem caused desertification in China where, China what measures were taken to control? China MaWenYuan prevention-oriented expert researcher in accepting the strait sound of radio said in an interview on earth, desertification is the most common form of land degradation, known as "the earth of cancer." Earth happened about the potential scope of desertification 5170 square kilometers, accounting for approximately 40% of the world's land area, including desertification of land for 3620 million square kilometers. The potential scope of Chinese desertification happened about 330 million square kilometers, spread all over China's northeast, north and northwest regions in western China, accounting for land area of 34.6%. About eighty percent of the land has occurred different degree of desertification.
In talking to a Chinese land desertification reason, MaWenYuan researcher thinks, with the increasingly frequent sandstorm, land desertification and has attracted people's attention. Desertification expanding, in addition to climate change factor outside, main is unreasonable, mainly caused by artificial activities can be classified into "six abuse" - erected entreated, denudation, abuse of animal husbandry, excessive mining, exploitation of water resources and the illegal hunting, and is usually a variety of factors at the same time effect, make China's bonus to land desertification trend widening.
A, excessive entreated. As the population growth and short-term benefit drive, many local unplanned, outrageous for reclamation, chop Lin, and not ready to weed soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance work, causing desertification, more accelerate ecological fragile areas desertification process, "one year open pastures and two rbis quantity, three to five years become sand beams" conditions occur frequently.
Second, denudation. Because in arid areas main energy for combustion firewood, with the increase of population, residents massive lop trees, even to the shelter forest for windbreak and sand-fixation has not been immune.
Three, abuse of animal husbandry. Due to long-term off-gauge use, such as desertification area pasture ChaoZaiLv achieve 50%, in part I even up to 300%, not only cause grassland degradation, desertification area, every year by 230 million acres of degraded grassland productivity, and speed expansion than the 1950s drop about 30% ~ 50%. Grassland "1950s, 1960s didn't waist deep hip, not in the 1970s and 1980s knees ankle" ShunKouLiu image not to explain this predicament.
Four, abuse of mining. During the spring and autumn every year, a large number of personnel, gansu influx of inner etc mining with high economic value licorice, fractionation and Chinese herbal medicine, add various mining engineering area, destroying the vegetation, deforestation weeding caused great forest, the grassland desertification.
Five, the exploitation of water resources. Because China is still in the waters semi-spread way irrigation, serious waste water, while in north and northwest, plus the lack of rain water not reasonable allocation and management, river water, water shortage caused by excessive downstream, large area vegetation die, land desertification. But local residents and more excessive herding sheep, accelerate the pasture degenerate, desertification speed, currently desertification area has reached six million square kilometers, provide endless sand dust storm, Another due to the use of water, groundwater over-extraction enough, they also lead to ground vegetation die, ground vegetation so large death, land degradation.
Six, the illegal hunting. Rich economic value of wildlife habitat destruction or been because of poaching, dropped drastically, make maintaining ecological balance system of chain imbalances, indirectly caused desertification. Qinghai originally designed to eat such as rats after the saker very much, because of massive stolen catch, make mouse inundation, bedding face accumulates eating grassland, causing desertification.
In talking to a Chinese land desertification reason, MaWenYuan researcher thinks, with the increasingly frequent sandstorm, land desertification and has attracted people's attention. Desertification expanding, in addition to climate change factor outside, main is unreasonable, mainly caused by artificial activities can be classified into "six abuse" - erected entreated, denudation, abuse of animal husbandry, excessive mining, exploitation of water resources and the illegal hunting, and is usually a variety of factors at the same time effect, make China's bonus to land desertification trend widening.
A, excessive entreated. As the population growth and short-term benefit drive, many local unplanned, outrageous for reclamation, chop Lin, and not ready to weed soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance work, causing desertification, more accelerate ecological fragile areas desertification process, "one year open pastures and two rbis quantity, three to five years become sand beams" conditions occur frequently.
Second, denudation. Because in arid areas main energy for combustion firewood, with the increase of population, residents massive lop trees, even to the shelter forest for windbreak and sand-fixation has not been immune.
Three, abuse of animal husbandry. Due to long-term off-gauge use, such as desertification area pasture ChaoZaiLv achieve 50%, in part I even up to 300%, not only cause grassland degradation, desertification area, every year by 230 million acres of degraded grassland productivity, and speed expansion than the 1950s drop about 30% ~ 50%. Grassland "1950s, 1960s didn't waist deep hip, not in the 1970s and 1980s knees ankle" ShunKouLiu image not to explain this predicament.
Four, abuse of mining. During the spring and autumn every year, a large number of personnel, gansu influx of inner etc mining with high economic value licorice, fractionation and Chinese herbal medicine, add various mining engineering area, destroying the vegetation, deforestation weeding caused great forest, the grassland desertification.
Five, the exploitation of water resources. Because China is still in the waters semi-spread way irrigation, serious waste water, while in north and northwest, plus the lack of rain water not reasonable allocation and management, river water, water shortage caused by excessive downstream, large area vegetation die, land desertification. But local residents and more excessive herding sheep, accelerate the pasture degenerate, desertification speed, currently desertification area has reached six million square kilometers, provide endless sand dust storm, Another due to the use of water, groundwater over-extraction enough, they also lead to ground vegetation die, ground vegetation so large death, land degradation.
Six, the illegal hunting. Rich economic value of wildlife habitat destruction or been because of poaching, dropped drastically, make maintaining ecological balance system of chain imbalances, indirectly caused desertification. Qinghai originally designed to eat such as rats after the saker very much, because of massive stolen catch, make mouse inundation, bedding face accumulates eating grassland, causing desertification.
第2个回答 2010-11-20
As of 2003 land desertification in China has 2.674 million square kilometers, accounting for 27.9% of the total land area, covering 18 provinces of the 471 counties. Caused by desertification every year in direct economic losses amounted to more than 540 billion yuan. And the rate of annual expansion of 3,436 square kilometers. According to reportsmanagement, by 2010, China will strive to achieve the basicwho can basically be governed. Then caused the causes of north-western region, accounting for 34.6% of land area. 80% of the land has occurred in varying degrees of desertification.
Resulting in about the causes of desertification in China, Ma Wenyuan, researchers believe that, with increasingly frequent dust storms, desertification has drawn increasing attention. The continuous , deforestation, excessive grazing, excessive, indiscriminate exploitation of water resources and hunting, And while many factors are usually additive effect, making China's the growing trend of desertification.
First, the abuse of Ken. Because of population growth and short-term benefits, many parts of the unplanned, uncontrolled for reclamation, weed cutting forests, but also not prepared soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance, leading to desertification, but also accelerate the desertification process in ecologically fragile areas, "opened a year pasture, RBI two years the amount of sand beams become three to five years, "occurs frequently.
Second, deforestation. Because the main source of energy for the burning of arid areas of fuelwood, with the increase of population, residents cut down trees, and even used sand-fixing in the shelter were not spared.
Third, and overgrazing. Because long-term overuse, such as desertification, Grassland overload rate of 50%, in part, I even up to 300%, not only caused large-scale grassland degradation, desertification, degradation of an annual rate of expansion of two or three Qianwan Mu, and grassland productivity than five decreased by about ten years on behalf of the 30% to 50%. Prairie "waist deep without the fifties and sixties did not hip, knee seventies and eighties did not ankle," the jingle vividly illustrate this dilemma.
Fourth, excessive. Spring and autumn every year, the influx of large numbers of people in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other exploitation of high economic value of licorice, seaweed and herbs, plus various types of large-scale deforestation, mining engineering weeding, removal of vegetation, resulting in large areas of forest, grassland desertification.
Fifth, the abuse of water resources. As the Chinese way of irrigation, flood irrigation is still a serious waste of water resources, while the Northwest and North China drought, coupled with no rational allocation of water resources and management, excessive use of water upstream of the river, causing downstream water shortages, large areas of dead vegetation, land desertification . The local residents have over-grazing sheep, but also accelerates the grassland degradation, desertification rate, the current desertification area has reached sixty thousand square kilometers, to provide endless sources of sand dust storms; other use of water resources is not enough, a lot of exploitation of groundwater has resulted in ground vegetation withered, so large areas of dead ground vegetation, land degradation.
VI hunting abuse. Economic value of wildlife-rich because of habitat destruction or by a large number of poaching, the number dropped, to maintain the ecosystem balance of the food chain imbalance, indirectly causing desertification. Such as the Qinghai vole was originally the hunting falcon eats a lot, due to a large number of stolen fishing, so that the proliferation of rodents, a large area grazed grassland, leading to desertification
Resulting in about the causes of desertification in China, Ma Wenyuan, researchers believe that, with increasingly frequent dust storms, desertification has drawn increasing attention. The continuous , deforestation, excessive grazing, excessive, indiscriminate exploitation of water resources and hunting, And while many factors are usually additive effect, making China's the growing trend of desertification.
First, the abuse of Ken. Because of population growth and short-term benefits, many parts of the unplanned, uncontrolled for reclamation, weed cutting forests, but also not prepared soil and water conservation and ecological maintenance, leading to desertification, but also accelerate the desertification process in ecologically fragile areas, "opened a year pasture, RBI two years the amount of sand beams become three to five years, "occurs frequently.
Second, deforestation. Because the main source of energy for the burning of arid areas of fuelwood, with the increase of population, residents cut down trees, and even used sand-fixing in the shelter were not spared.
Third, and overgrazing. Because long-term overuse, such as desertification, Grassland overload rate of 50%, in part, I even up to 300%, not only caused large-scale grassland degradation, desertification, degradation of an annual rate of expansion of two or three Qianwan Mu, and grassland productivity than five decreased by about ten years on behalf of the 30% to 50%. Prairie "waist deep without the fifties and sixties did not hip, knee seventies and eighties did not ankle," the jingle vividly illustrate this dilemma.
Fourth, excessive. Spring and autumn every year, the influx of large numbers of people in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other exploitation of high economic value of licorice, seaweed and herbs, plus various types of large-scale deforestation, mining engineering weeding, removal of vegetation, resulting in large areas of forest, grassland desertification.
Fifth, the abuse of water resources. As the Chinese way of irrigation, flood irrigation is still a serious waste of water resources, while the Northwest and North China drought, coupled with no rational allocation of water resources and management, excessive use of water upstream of the river, causing downstream water shortages, large areas of dead vegetation, land desertification . The local residents have over-grazing sheep, but also accelerates the grassland degradation, desertification rate, the current desertification area has reached sixty thousand square kilometers, to provide endless sources of sand dust storms; other use of water resources is not enough, a lot of exploitation of groundwater has resulted in ground vegetation withered, so large areas of dead ground vegetation, land degradation.
VI hunting abuse. Economic value of wildlife-rich because of habitat destruction or by a large number of poaching, the number dropped, to maintain the ecosystem balance of the food chain imbalance, indirectly causing desertification. Such as the Qinghai vole was originally the hunting falcon eats a lot, due to a large number of stolen fishing, so that the proliferation of rodents, a large area grazed grassland, leading to desertification
