如题所述
ingroups指圈内，outgroups指圈外。圈内是朋友、亲人、同学等之间的关系，圈外一般指陌生人。
中国人在对待圈内的人时都会非常热情，因为朋友多了路好走，以后难免会碰上需要朋友帮忙的，所以朋友是相互付出的，大家相处看起来都会特别亲近亲密；在对待圈外的陌生人时，大家会很冷漠，有句话叫做事不关己高高挂起，说的就是怕跟圈外的人有利益牵扯或者被陌生的坏人伤害。（左图）
在西方人眼里，他们对待圈内和圈外的人的差别可能不会那么明显。因为他们的文化包含更多的个人主义，而不是中国那种集体主义，或者说是人情社会。在他们看来，只有“我” 和“别人”的差别，对于别人的事情，尊重别人的自由，不会太多干涉。
What are characteristics of individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures regarding ingroups and outgroups?
(1) In Individualistic cultures,people
— People have more ingroups
— People are not attached to any single ingroup,because there are numerous ingroups to which they can be attached
— Survival of the individuals and the society is more dependent on the successful and effective functioning of individuals rather than groups.
— People make fewer distinctions between in- and outgroups
（2）In Collectivistic cultures,people:
— People have fewer ingroups
— People are very attached to the ingroups to which they belong
— Survival of the individuals and the society is more dependent on the successful and effective functioning of the groups rather than individuals
— People make greater distinctions between in- and outgroups others.
