如题所述
看到这个问题,我特意跑去查看了我的英语笔记,现在把它总结一下,分享给你,希望对你有帮助。~
成语的英译策略
- 直译意译套译法加注法
①直译: 在不违背译文语言规范、不引起错误联想的前提下,译者在英译汉语成语时可以采用直译法
1)相同的成语:
来得容易,去得快Easy come,easy go
趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot.
2)相近似的成语:
挥金如土spend money like water
破釜沉舟burn one's boats(都源于军事家的策略)
3)隐含意义很明显的成语:
雪中送炭to offer fuel in snowy weather
一人得道,鸡犬升天even the dog swaggers when its master win favour
②意译:意汉语成语具有的民族文化特色在很多情况下载译语中难以用直译法再现,为了确保译文读者准确理解成语的意义,我们常常采用意译手法
不测风云Something unexpected may happen any time
开门见山 come straight to the point
③套泽法:套套用译语中某个与汉语成语相似的成语来进行翻译的方法)
1)两个成语的字面意义和蕴含意义基本一致
浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled water
2) 两个成语的比喻形象有所差异,但比喻意译基本一致。
笑掉大牙 laugh off one's head
4.加注法(在译文中添加读者理解成语所需的文化信息和背景知识,其特点在于技能保留成语的比喻形象和文化蕴含,又能确保译文容易为译语读者所理解接受)
东施效颦 Dongshi imitating Xishi, (Xishi was a famous beauty in the accident kingdom of Yue)
四、结语
通过对以上四字格成语的学习,我们得出,四字格不能简单的采用直译的方法进行翻译,而使应该采取更多元化的方法去翻译出更符合英语习惯的四字格成语,同时在中文上也更加贴近四字格成语所包含的内容。
例题
1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog.
2.百闻不如一见 (眼见为实)Seeing is believing.
3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.
4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.
5.不眠之夜 white night
6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses
7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best
8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord.
9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul
10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new
11.大事化小,小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all
12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener
13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little
15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.
16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more
17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.
18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.
19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.
20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones
21.金无足赤,人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.
22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.
23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth
24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence
25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green
26.老生常谈,陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché,stereotype
27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.
28.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.
29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success
30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth
1. 浅谈中文成语翻译方法
一、运用视角转换进行形象的替代在成语翻译上,视角转换是汉英跨文化理解和翻译的一种不可或缺的手段,它的运用主要体现在形象的替代上。
1. 借用不同的喻体与说法。成语是民族语言的精华,是人们在长期实践认识过程中提炼出来的语言结晶,是修辞手段运用比较集中的语言。
汉英成语修辞各有特色。既有共通之处,亦有其各自的特性。
找出其异同,融会贯通其本意,对于掌握翻译实践中灵活采用对译的方法,借用不同的喻体与说法都不无好处。例如:鹤立鸡群(like a peacock in the barnyard)一模一样(like the o peas in the pod)鱼米之乡(a land of rice and fish)守口如瓶(as dumb as an oyster)在借用不同喻体和说法的方法中还可分为两种情况:(1)汉英借喻词不同。
胜券在握(to have the ball at one's feet)胆大妄为(to rush in where angels fear to trend)(2)汉语是明喻而英语是暗喻或直述。暴跳如雷(to hit the ceiling)巧舌如簧(to have a oily tongue)2. 借用英语中的原有类似说法。
汉语中有些成语的含义与英语中的一些熟语有着异曲同工之妙,对译各有情趣。(1)说法基本一致。
下面是一些汉英成语含义对等的情况,此时翻译时可直接借用。轻如鸿毛(as light as a feather)如出一辙(to cut from the same cloth)(2)说法类似。
欲速则不达(more haste, less speed)一帆风顺(plain sailing)(3)汉英对应说法的跨文化理解和翻译。杀鸡取卵(to kill the golden goose)命中注定(be in the cards)二、直译和意译法在汉语成语英译中的运用但在很多情况下,借用毕竟是有限的,e69da5e6ba903231313335323631343130323136353331333365653837下面我们就讨论一下最常用的直译法和意译法。
1. 直译法。成语的翻译要注重民族性。
成语经常使人联想到该民族的一些特定的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯和地理环境等状况。汉英成语的对译可以使译文地道,但同时也使译文失去了原文中的语言特色和情调。
所以还应该尽可能的直译以保持汉语的民族特色,同时还可以起到推广汉语文化的作用。那些形象生动易懂的成语可以采用直译,使读者一目了然易于接受。
异口同声(with one voice)一见如故(at our first meeting it is lie old times)芸芸众生(all living beings)缘木求鱼(to climb up a tree to catch fish)2. 意译法。有些通俗的成语若采用直译则无从翻译,所以只能采用意译。
如下例:风平浪静(be right up and down)不辞而别(to take French leave)塞翁失马,焉知非福(A lose may turn out to be a gain; You can see good in bad.)采用意译法时有时也可以加注,使译文意思更加清晰。盲人瞎马(A blind man on a blind horse――rushing ahead only to disaster)守株待兔(stump watching――a waste of time)三、在行文翻译中,具体问题具体分析在实际的行文翻译中,在成语不是孤立的情况下,就应结合上下文,根据行文的具体情况出发,寻找最佳的译文。
1. 形象喻义只取其一。下面以具体例句来分析。
“耳边风”一般用其喻义,宜于意译,直译不易达意。我平日和你说的,全当耳边风;怎么他说了你就依,比圣旨还快呢?(《红楼梦》第八回) …but let whatever I say go in one ear and out the other. You jump to obey her instructions faster than if they were an Imperial edict.但如果上下文要求字面义则必须直译。
说话是耳边风,错点不打紧,写在纸上,却使我很踌躇。(鲁迅《门外文谈》)As the spoken word brushes past your ear and is gone, *** all inaccuracies do not matter; but I hesitate to mit these to writing.2. 形义参半,有时可以只译成语的部分形象,另外再点明一下它的喻义,构成形义参半的译法。
2. 常见成语的英语翻译
晴天霹雳 like a bolt from the blue
浑水摸鱼 to fish in the troubled water
轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather
空中楼阁 castle in the air
破釜沉舟 to burn the boat
如履薄冰 to be on the thin ice
守口如瓶 as dumb as an oyster; as silent as the graves; as close as wax
一贫如洗 as poor as a Church mouse
健壮如牛 as strong as a horse
3. 英语翻译成四字成语,在线等快
To make a noise in the world-----名噪一时
/make+a+noise+in+the+world/
wake a sleeping dog-----招惹是非
/wake+a+sleeping+dog/
4. 汉语四字词语的英译数千年来,中华民族创造了无数的成语
成千上万
chéng qiān shàng wàn
【解释】形容数量很多。
【出处】老舍《神拳》第二幕:“做假事骗得了几个人,骗不了成千上万的人。”
【结构】联合式。
【用法】可用于人;也可用于其它。一般作定语、状语。
【正音】成;不能读作“cénɡ”。
【辨形】万;不能写作“方”。
【近义词】千千万万、不计其数
【反义词】寥寥无几、寥寥可数
【辨析】~和“不计其数”都形容数量极多。但~数量尚可计算;“不计其数”多得数不过来;所以“不计其数”表示的数量多。
5. 英语翻译加上字词翻译和文章寓意及“一鸣惊人”这成语的解释
《韩非子·喻老》:“楚庄王莅政三年,无令发,无政为也.右司马御座,而与王隐曰‘有鸟止南方之阜,三年不翅,不飞不鸣,嘿然无声,此为何名?’王曰:‘三年不翅,将以长羽翼;不飞不鸣,将以观民则.虽无飞,飞必冲天;虽无鸣,鸣必惊人.’隐:有所暗指的话称‘隐’阜:土山这则故事的意思是说,南方的土山上有一种鸟,三年不鸣不飞,但一飞便可冲天,一鸣便能惊人.后世遂用“一鸣惊人、一鸣、一飞鸣、冲天翼、三年翼”等比喻有才华的人,平时默默无闻,一旦施展才华,就能做出惊人的业绩.一鸣惊人:字面意思是一叫就使人震惊.比喻平时没有突出的表现,一下子做出惊人的成绩.。