什么是定语从句和宾语从句?

可以给我详细解释一下定语从句和宾语从句吗?

宾语从句(一) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。 当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的 影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) 当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如: He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时) *当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时, 宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如: The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。 She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。 宾语从句(二) 由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。例如: We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。 The question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。 Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。 试比较: 当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如: I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。 当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如: I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。

定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2019-12-10
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
定语从句(Attributive
Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
第2个回答  2014-09-04
简单来说定语从句就是那个从句在句中作的是定语成分,也就是起修饰作用的。宾语从句就是说那个从句是作宾语的。举个例来说 I think that she is a beatiful girl.这个句中从句是that she is a beatiful girl,I 是主语,think是谓语,那谓语后面接的是宾语,但是这个宾语是从句形式,“她是一个漂亮的女孩”是我认为的内容。所以这个从句是宾语从句,因为它作的宾语成分。I live in the city which is famous for its long history.在这个句子中“I”是主语,“live in”是谓语,从句是“which is famous for its long history”,这个从句是用来修饰“city”的,(一个因悠久历史而著名的城市),很明显的修饰作用。所以这个是定语从句。
希望你看得懂追问

谢谢,感谢

相关了解……

你可能感兴趣的内容

本站内容来自于网友发表,不代表本站立场,仅表示其个人看法,不对其真实性、正确性、有效性作任何的担保
相关事宜请发邮件给我们
© 非常风气网