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Resistances to the motion in mining belt conveyors

Jerzy Antoniak1

Research workers of the Silesian Technical University (Antoniak, Lutyński, 1999) have been carrying out measurements on mining belt conveyors for years. The tests covered belt conveyors characterized by considerable lengths and high capacities, complicated configurations of a conveyor route and equipped with driving systems of different type in which soft starting facilities were incorporated or not included. One of the objectives of the tests was to determine quantities of principal resistances to motion the results of which have been presented in this paper.

Key words: mining, principal resistances to motion, belt conveyor, field measurements.

Decrease - oriented tendency in resistances to the motion in belt conveyors

The results of a great number of field measurements taken on belt conveyors allow to conclude that a high accuracy of calculations of principal resistances to the motion is obtained when using a basic method as described in the standard DIN 22101 on condition that the coefficient f of principal resistances to the motion has been properly selected.
Among principal resistances to the motion are included: resistances to idler rotation, indentation rolling resistances, flexure resistance of the belt and flexure resistances of bulk material. The coefficient of principal resistances to the motion f combines the force of gravity of a sum of masses being in motion with principal resistances to the conveyor motion FP, N thus

FP =

f ⋅ g ⋅ ∑m N

where ∑m − sum of moving masses, kg,
g − acceleration corresponding to the force of gravity, m/s2.

It is considered that a standard quantity is f = 0.02 but in the case of underground mining f = 0.025 or f =
0.03. Among lumped resistances of a conveyor FL, N are included: resistances to belt bending on drums, rotation resistances of all drums, resistances when loading the material to be conveyed, and N are included: resistances to belt bending on drums, rotation resistances of all drums, resistances when loading the material to be conveyed, and resistances of belt cleaners. Lumped resistances are expressed as a coefficient of length C:
C = ( FP + FL ) / FP = 1 + FL / FP
Combining C and f together brings about
FP + FL = C ⋅ f ⋅ g ⋅ ∑m N
When taking into consideration additional resistances produced e.g. by advancing arrangement of idlers in
relation to the direction of the belt movement FA, N and resistances of lifting and lowering of the material being conveyed FLL, N a total resistance to the motion is obtained which allows to determine the drive’s power.
A distribution of the power consumption given
in percentage of power used to overcome particular resistances to the motion in long belt conveyors laid horizontally (of about 1.5 km in length) is presented in fig. 1.
Recently a lot of attention is given to the problem of decreasing the power consumption in drives of a belt conveyor. This purpose was achieved by the application of drives controlled with frequency converters, introduction of special idler sets resulting in the reduction

Fig.1. Conveyor power consumption for long horizontal profiles 1 – indentation rolling resistance, 2 – flexure resistance of bulk material, 3 - flexure resistance of the belt,
4 – bearing resistance of the idler, 5 – secondary resistances,
6 – extraordinary resistances

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