五、“来吧，阴沉的黑夜”
一一论《麦克白》一剧的氛围
正如乔•威•奈特所指出的:《麦克白》“所显示的是一种不能用
‘意志’和‘因果关系’来说明的邪恶;它表现了它的幻想，井不是
要达到批判的明智，而是引起想象;不是从人物或任何伦理教条等方
面，而是从与人类现实不协调的精神世界的无底深渊进行解释，揭开
黑流之上的纱幕一一因为正是这种黑流产生了那以血腥行为为象征
的恐怖意识。《麦克白》是邪恶的启示录。n [16]而这种对于邪恶的想象，
不仅仅体现在人物和情节上，也体现在剧本的整体氛围上。笼罩着《麦
克白》一剧的那种黑暗、血腥和邪恶的氛围，在一定程度上曲折地反
映了莎士比亚对时代问题的忧患思考。
不难发现，《麦克白》一剧笼罩在一片阴郁的、黑暗的氛围。就
我们可以回忆起来的那些场景而言，它们几乎全都发生在深夜或黑暗
的地方。舞台上多是微弱的火把，闪闪的烛光。麦克白一旦得知了女
巫的预言，井且获知国王邓肯将来到城堡作客，便心起杀戮的歹念，
不由地对着苍天呼叫:
来吧，阴沉的黑夜，用最混暗的地狱中的浓烟罩住你自己，让我
的锐利的刀瞧不见它自己切开的伤口，让青天不能从黑暗的重裘里探
出头来，高喊“住手，住手!”
(第一幕第五场)
同样，在派遣刺客谋杀班柯父子之前，丧心病狂的麦克白也对着
即将降临的夜色呼喊道:
来，使人盲日的黑夜，遮住可怜的白昼的温柔的眼睛，用你的无
形的毒手，毁除那使我畏惧的重大的绊脚石吧!天色在朦胧起来，乌
鸦都飞回到混暗的林中;一天的好事开始沉沉睡去，黑夜的罪恶的使
者却在准备攫捕他们的猎物……以不义开始的事情，必须用罪恶使它
巩固。(第三幕第二场)
剧中的其他人物也不断感叹自然界里出现了那么多反常的现象。
据列诺克斯说，就在麦克白杀害国王邓肯的夜晚，暴风大作，把烟囱
都刮了下来，夜空中传来“奇怪的死亡的‘渗叫”，还有人听见一个可
怕的声音，“预言着将要有一场绝大的纷争和混乱，降临在这不幸的
时代”。与此同时，“黑暗中出现的凶鸟整整地吵了一个漫漫的长夜;
有人说大地都发热而战抖起来了。”紧接着，洛斯也悲叹道:
啊!好老人家，你看上天好像恼怒人类的行为，在向这流血的舞
台发出恐吓。照钟点现在应该是白天了，可是黑夜的魔手却把那盏在
天空中运行的明灯遮蔽得不露一丝光亮。难道黑夜已经统治一切，还
是因为白昼不屑露面，所以在这应该有阳光遍吻大地的时候，地面上
却被无边的黑暗所笼罩?
(第二幕第四场)
我们可以发现，太阳在全剧中似乎只出现过两次。第一次，当国
王邓肯见到燕子绕着那座暗藏杀机的城堡翩翩飞翔时，在一个华美
的、带有反意的场景中出现了阳光。另一次是在接近尾声处，当复仇
大军浩浩荡荡地开去讨伐麦克白的时候，天空也洒下了阳光。除此之
外，几乎所有场景都是在黑暗中进行的。当然，剧中的黑暗井不只是
11 On the "Macbeth," a theater atmosphere
As Joe • Granville • Knight has pointed out: "Macbeth," "the show is a can not be used
'Will' and 'causal relationship' to describe the evil; its performance of its fantasies, is not well
Critical to achieve a sensible, but give rise to imagine; not from any person or party, such as the ethical doctrine
Face, but from lack of co-ordination with the human reality of the spiritual world to explain bottomless pit opened
纱幕and flow on the 11 because it is such a flow and to have had it as a symbol of the bloody acts
Sense of terror. "Macbeth" is the evil Apocalypse. n [16] and this imagination for evil,
Not only reflected in the characters and plot, the script is also reflected in the overall atmosphere. Over a "Michael
Grams of white, "a drama kind of darkness, the atmosphere of the bloody and evil, in the twists and turns to a certain extent, anti -
Features of the times of Shakespeare Thinking the problem of anxiety.
Is not difficult to find, "Macbeth," a drama enveloped in a gloomy, dark atmosphere. On
We can recall those scenes together, they almost all occurred late at night or in dark
Place. Stage of the torch are weak, the candlelight shining. Once the women learned that Macbeth
Witch's prophecy, well informed and came to the castle of King Duncan will be visiting, then killing the evil from the heart study,
Not to call into heaven:
Come on, gloomy night, mixed with the dark smoke of hell in your own hooded, let me
Look sharp knife not cut its own wounds, so the sky from the dark years of exploration重裘
Early years, shouting "Stop, stop!"
(Act V)
Similarly, sending an assassin in the murder of his son before classes Ko, frenzied also at the Macbeth
The night is about to come shouting Road:
Years, blind people on the night, the day to cover the poor gentle eyes, use your non -
Shaped hands, destroyed in addition to that, I fear a major stumbling block to it! In hazy weather, and Ukraine
Paradoxornis have to fly back to the dark forest mixed; good day to start deep sleep, the night of the crime so that
Those who are ready to catch their prey captured ... ... not just the beginning of things, it must be evil
Consolidation. (Act III II)
Play the other characters have been a sigh nature of the phenomenon of so many anomalies.
According to Lennox said that the killing of King Duncan in Macbeth night, big storm, the chimney
Are blown down from the sky, "the death of a strange 'permeability is", and others heard a
The voice of fear, "will be predicted to have a majority of the disputes and confusion, come in this unfortunate
Era. "At the same time," the dark birds appear in full in the death of a long quarrel of the night;
Some people say that the earth is heating up and战抖. "Immediately after that, Ross also lament Road:
Ah! Good people, you see the sky like angry human behavior, to the bloodshed in the dance
The issue of intimidation of Taiwan. According to part-time during the day it is, but the magic night light in the hand but
Operation of the sky reveal a ray of light is not bright shelter. Is it all night has been the rule, but also
Is because the day did not appear, so there should be the sun in this time when the earth kiss the ground
Has been shrouded in the darkness of endless?
(Act II fourth)
We can see that the sun appears in the opera, there were only two. The first time, when the country
King Duncan to see the swallows around the block elegant castle hidden murderous flying when China and the United States in a
And with anti-sense of the scene appeared in the sun. The second time was drawing to a close in the Department, when the revenge
Open to a mighty force to crusade when Macbeth, also shed a sunny sky. In addition to the
Almost all scenes are carried out in the dark. Of course, the darkness of the play is not only well
