消费者剩余的计算是在需求曲线以下，价格线以上的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，消费者剩余为X1的面积，而在进行关税之后为X2，面积减少了X3，说明消费者在关税后损失了X4。通过计算X5梯形的面积知，为X6。
生产者剩余是在供给曲线以上价格线以下的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，生产者剩余为X6，而在进行关税之后为X7，面积增加了X8，说明生产者在关税后收益了C，通过计算C梯形形的面积知，C为X10。
政府收入是有关税时候的进口量乘以关税规模，在小国没有关税的情况下，关税为0，在进行关税之后面积为X11，面积增加了X11，说明政府在关税后收益了X11，通过计算X11矩形的面积知，X11
答：使小国的社会总福利下降。通过上图计算出在开展关税前的总剩余为X11，而开展关税后的总剩余为X11，总剩余减少了X11。减少的X11即为小国社会总福利下降的量（无谓损失）。X11的面积为X11。
而导致D+F无谓损失的原因主要有两个：
X11为国内生产者因为有利可图而过度生产所造成的无谓损失。
111为国内消费者因为商品的价格上涨而降低了对此商品的需求所照成的需求不足的无谓损失。
楼主你好！标准翻译如下：
消费者剩余的计算是在需求曲线以下，价格线以上的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，消费者剩余为X1的面积，而在进行关税之后为X2，面积减少了X3，说明消费者在关税后损失了X4。通过计算X5梯形的面积知，为X6。
The way to calculate comsumers'surplus is to integrate the area between the demand curve and the cost curve. Thus, equations in terms of comsumers' surplus in this case are as follows:
cs=X1 (tariff-free);
cs=X2 (with tariffs);
We can see that an area sum of X3 is truncated from the original comsumers' surplus with imposed tariffs, meaning that consumers face a total loss of X4 after tariffs.
Calculate the area of trapezoids X5, and we get X6.
生产者剩余是在供给曲线以上价格线以下的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，生产者剩余为X6，而在进行关税之后为X7，面积增加了X8，说明生产者在关税后收益了C，通过计算C梯形形的面积知，C为X10。
The way to calculate producers'surplus is to integrate the area between the supply curve and the cost curve. Thus, equations in terms of producers' surplus in this case are as follows:
ps=X6 (tariff-free);
ps=X7 (with tariffs);
We can see an increase of X8 in the total area of producers' surplus with imposed tariffs, meaning that producers receive an augmented profit of S(C) after tariffs.
Calculate the area of trapezoid C, and we get S(C)=X10.
政府收入是有关税时候的进口量乘以关税规模，在小国没有关税的情况下，关税为0，在进行关税之后面积为X11，面积增加了X11，说明政府在关税后收益了X11，通过计算X11矩形的面积知，X11
The way to calculate government (tax) revenue is to multiply together import quantity and tariff rate. Thus, when tariffs are not imposed, government (tax) revenue is 0; when tariffs are imposed, government (tax) revenue is the area of X11, which indicates an increase of X11 in the revenue.
Calculate the area of rectangle X11, and we get X11.
答：使小国的社会总福利下降。通过上图计算出在开展关税前的总剩余为X11，而开展关税后的总剩余为X11，总剩余减少了X11。减少的X11即为小国社会总福利下降的量（无谓损失）。X11的面积为X11。
There will be a decrease in the total social welfare of small countries.
The reason is that as we calculate the total surpluses before and after tariffs, we get X11 before and X11 after, with a difference of X11 in between. The difference X11 is the amount of decrease in the total social welfare of small countries (deadweight loss)
Calculate the area of X11, and we get X11.
而导致D+F无谓损失的原因主要有两个：
X11为国内生产者因为有利可图而过度生产所造成的无谓损失。
111为国内消费者因为商品的价格上涨而降低了对此商品的需求所照成的需求不足的无谓损失。
The two major causes of the deadweight loss S(D+E) are as follows:
(1) X11: the deadweight loss due to excessive production of domestic producers in seek of high marginal profits
(2) 111: the deadweight loss due to insufficient demand from consumers as a result of rising prices
有问题欢迎追问，满意的话请采纳，谢谢！追问
消费者剩余的计算是在需求曲线以下，价格线以上的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，消费者剩余为X1的面积，而在进行关税之后为X2，面积减少了X3，说明消费者在关税后损失了X4。通过计算X5梯形的面积知，为X6。
The way to calculate comsumers'surplus is to integrate the area between the demand curve and the cost curve. Thus, equations in terms of comsumers' surplus in this case are as follows:
cs=X1 (tariff-free);
cs=X2 (with tariffs);
We can see that an area sum of X3 is truncated from the original comsumers' surplus with imposed tariffs, meaning that consumers face a total loss of X4 after tariffs.
Calculate the area of trapezoids X5, and we get X6.
生产者剩余是在供给曲线以上价格线以下的面积，在小国没有关税的情况下，生产者剩余为X6，而在进行关税之后为X7，面积增加了X8，说明生产者在关税后收益了C，通过计算C梯形形的面积知，C为X10。
The way to calculate producers'surplus is to integrate the area between the supply curve and the cost curve. Thus, equations in terms of producers' surplus in this case are as follows:
ps=X6 (tariff-free);
ps=X7 (with tariffs);
We can see an increase of X8 in the total area of producers' surplus with imposed tariffs, meaning that producers receive an augmented profit of S(C) after tariffs.
Calculate the area of trapezoid C, and we get S(C)=X10.
政府收入是有关税时候的进口量乘以关税规模，在小国没有关税的情况下，关税为0，在进行关税之后面积为X11，面积增加了X11，说明政府在关税后收益了X11，通过计算X11矩形的面积知，X11
The way to calculate government (tax) revenue is to multiply together import quantity and tariff rate. Thus, when tariffs are not imposed, government (tax) revenue is 0; when tariffs are imposed, government (tax) revenue is the area of X11, which indicates an increase of X11 in the revenue.
Calculate the area of rectangle X11, and we get X11.
答：使小国的社会总福利下降。通过上图计算出在开展关税前的总剩余为X11，而开展关税后的总剩余为X11，总剩余减少了X11。减少的X11即为小国社会总福利下降的量（无谓损失）。X11的面积为X11。
There will be a decrease in the total social welfare of small countries.
The reason is that as we calculate the total surpluses before and after tariffs, we get X11 before and X11 after, with a difference of X11 in between. The difference X11 is the amount of decrease in the total social welfare of small countries (deadweight loss)
Calculate the area of X11, and we get X11.
而导致D+F无谓损失的原因主要有两个：
X11为国内生产者因为有利可图而过度生产所造成的无谓损失。
111为国内消费者因为商品的价格上涨而降低了对此商品的需求所照成的需求不足的无谓损失。
The two major causes of the deadweight loss S(D+E) are as follows:
(1) X11: the deadweight loss due to excessive production of domestic producers in seek of high marginal profits
(2) 111: the deadweight loss due to insufficient demand from consumers as a result of rising prices
有问题欢迎追问，满意的话请采纳，谢谢！追问
我好像还有两个吧。。。
追答对，这部分的已经完成了，另外两部分译好之后给你。
说实话这部分比其他两部分复杂很多。
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第1个回答 2013-11-02
Calculating the remaining in the consumer is below the demand curve and above the price, area, no tariffs in the small country case, consumer surplus is the area of X1, and in the X2 area of tariffs, reduce the loss of X4 X3, suggests that consumers in tariffs. By calculating the X5 trapezoidal area known as X6.
Producer surplus is below the price and above the supply curve in the area, no tariffs in the small country case, producer surplus is X6, while in the tariff for X7, area increased by X8, the producer income C in tariffs, through the calculation of C ladder shaped area known as the X10, C.
Government revenue is related to tax imports tariffs when multiplied by the scale, no tariffs in the small country case, the tariff is 0, the tariff area X11, area increased by X11, shows that the government revenue of X11 in the tariff, by calculating the X11 area, X11
Answer: the small total social welfare decline. Through the above calculated in carrying out the duties of the total surplus for the X11, and to carry out the duties of the total surplus is X11, the total surplus is reduced by X11. Reduction of X11 is small and the total social welfare decreasing amount (deadweight loss). The area of X11 is X11.
Due to two main reasons D+F deadweight losses:
X11 is a deadweight loss because of excessive production of domestic producers have good prospects of gain caused by.
111 for domestic consumers because the deadweight loss under commodity prices and reduce the demands for this product according to the needs of the
Producer surplus is below the price and above the supply curve in the area, no tariffs in the small country case, producer surplus is X6, while in the tariff for X7, area increased by X8, the producer income C in tariffs, through the calculation of C ladder shaped area known as the X10, C.
Government revenue is related to tax imports tariffs when multiplied by the scale, no tariffs in the small country case, the tariff is 0, the tariff area X11, area increased by X11, shows that the government revenue of X11 in the tariff, by calculating the X11 area, X11
Answer: the small total social welfare decline. Through the above calculated in carrying out the duties of the total surplus for the X11, and to carry out the duties of the total surplus is X11, the total surplus is reduced by X11. Reduction of X11 is small and the total social welfare decreasing amount (deadweight loss). The area of X11 is X11.
Due to two main reasons D+F deadweight losses:
X11 is a deadweight loss because of excessive production of domestic producers have good prospects of gain caused by.
111 for domestic consumers because the deadweight loss under commodity prices and reduce the demands for this product according to the needs of the
