(二)婴儿的心理卫生
心理学上把一至三岁的孩子叫婴儿。婴儿开始懂事了，自我意识也开始发展了，心理卫生的问题也就更复杂，更多了。值得高度重视的有如下几点：
1．断奶的心理卫生问题。断奶对孩子来说是件大家，弄不好会对他幼小的心灵造成重大的精神刺激。比如，有的妈妈为了断奶与孩子暂时隔离；有的突然断一次未断成，又突然断一次，接二连三地给孩子不良情绪的刺激；还有的往奶头上涂辣椒面。这都对孩子心理健康不利，容易造成孩子情绪不稳，大哭大闹，或者夜惊、拒食，甚至为以后患神经症埋下种子。因此，母亲为孩子断奶要有计划，慢慢来，不要搞“突然袭击”。在断奶之前的二、三个月里，就应哄着孩子吃蛋糕、稀粥等食物，而且这类食物的量要渐渐增加，使断奶达到“水到渠成”。
2．耐心细致地对孩子进行大小便的控制训练。对孩子大小便自我控制训练不宜过早，一般认为从孩子两岁半开始训练为宜。在训练的过程中，要耐心，要和蔼，不要埋怨，不要斥责。有人研究，通过严厉斥责，甚至打骂来训练孩子大小便自我控制，不但训练过程长，学会控制慢，而且容易造成心理创伤。
3. 不要吓唬孩子。人们常看到成人以吓唬该子来逗孩子，这是不利于儿童心理卫生的。行为主义心理学派的创始人华生曾做过实验，当孩子正在玩弄小猫的时候，突然惊吓他一下；又当他与小猫玩的时候，再突然惊吓他一下。以后他见猫就怕，甚至见到带毛的东西都怕，而且终生在心理上留下痕迹。比如成人说：“大老猫来了”’“大狗来咬XX了！”，并做出害怕的表情，吓得孩子听话了，老实了，感到很好玩。可孩子是不是也觉得好玩呢?不！他是真的害怕，甚至受到惊吓。惧怕对孩子的个性形成和发展都是有影响的。据研究，孩子先天性的惧怕很少，怕这怕那大都是后天学来的。例如；从来没见过猫的乳婴儿并不怕猫，如果他一抱猫被猫猫抓一下，或是大人说猫咬，孩子就渐渐怕猫，而且，以后还会通过“泛化”，见带毛的动物就怕，甚至连毛皮衣服都怕。又如，孩子不小心手破了，流点血，父母如大惊失色，这不仅会加重孩子惧怕和疼痛，而且孩子长大成人也往往痛阈低，连打针都怕痛。孩子总是喜欢模仿父母的行为和举止，父母如果怕狗、怕蛇、怕雷、怕黑暗等，孩子也往往跟着怕。如果孩子从小这也伯，那也怕，谨小慎微，胆小怕事，就会造成人格缺陷，影响心理发展。
(B) infant mental health
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxedEats the cake, the thin rice gruel such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of theNips XX !" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological development.
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxedEats the cake, the thin rice gruel such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of theNips XX !" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological development.
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第1个回答 2009-03-31
B) infant mental health
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxed吃蛋糕,稀粥such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of the来咬XX!" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological development
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxed吃蛋糕,稀粥such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of the来咬XX!" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological development
第2个回答 2009-03-31
专业英语翻译：1037316421
B) infant mental health
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxed吃蛋糕,稀粥such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of the来咬XX!" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological dev
B) infant mental health
Put psychology on one three-year-old children to name the baby. Baby sensible start, and also began to develop self-awareness, and mental health problem is more complex, more. Should be attached great importance to have the following:
1. Mental health problem weaning. Children weaned on is for everyone, fix on him the hearts of young spirit of a significant stimulus. For instance, some mothers with their children for the time being weaned isolation; some time did not suddenly break off into, and a sudden break, one after another to the Children of bad emotional stimulation; also painted on the nipple to the noodle pepper. All this is detrimental to the mental health of children, Child easily lead to emotional instability, crying scene, or night terrors, poor feeding, and even for future suffering from seeds planted neurosis. Therefore, mothers weaned their children in a planned, slowly, not to engage in "a sudden attack." Before weaning at two, three months, the child should be coaxed吃蛋糕,稀粥such as food, but also the quantity of such food should be gradually increased to weaning achieve "success."
2. Patiently and carefully to the child control of toilet training. Child self-control on the toilet training it is premature, is generally believed that a half from the start of training two-year-old Child is appropriate. In the training process, we need to be patient, to kind, not to complain, not to blame. Some studies, through the harsh rebuke, and even toilet Child maltreatment and to train self-control, not only a long training process, learning to control the slow and easily lead to psychological trauma.
3. Not to frighten children. People often see the adults in order to frighten the children to amuse the children, which is not conducive to children's mental health. Behaviorism Watson, founder of school psychology has done the experiment, when the children are playing with a kitten, I suddenly frightened him; another kitten to play with him when the time, and then suddenly frightened him. Cat afraid of the future see him, and even hair to see things with fear, and left a psychological mark for life. Such as adults, said: "Big Old to the" 'the "big dog of the来咬XX!" And afraid to face, scared the children obedient, and honest, and was very fun. Children may also feel that the fun is not it? No! Are really afraid of him, and even shock. Fear of the child's personality formation and development are affected. According to research, children with congenital little fear, for fear that this fear are to study the day after tomorrow. For example; never seen a cat and baby milk are not afraid of cats, cats have one if he was arrested about Cat or cat bite, said adults and children afraid of the cat gradually, and the future will be through the "generalization", see fear of animals with hair, clothes and even the fear of fur. In another example, the Children Break the hands of careless, some blood flow, such as scaring the daylights out of parents, which will not only increase the fear and pain in children, and children often grow up with low pain threshold, and even are afraid of the pain of injections. Children tend to imitate their parents behavior and manners, parents, if afraid of dogs, fear of snakes, fear of mine, such as fear of darkness, children are often afraid to follow. Children from a young age, if this primary, it would be afraid, timid, timidity, it will cause a character flaw, the impact of psychological dev
第3个回答 2009-03-31
100份太少了哦
第4个回答 2009-04-01
英语8级翻译：(2) the psychological health of the baby
The psychological one to three years old children that babies. The baby began to full consciousness, and began to develop the mental health problems is more complex, and more. Attention to have the following:
1 the mental health problem. Weaning For a child is weaned, lane is bad to everyone on his young hearts cause serious mental stimulation. For example, some mother to child temporarily isolation; with weaning Some suddenly broken once did not cut, and suddenly broken once, bubbled to stimulate child bad mood, Also on the hot pepper to nipple. The psychological health of children, easy to cause the child was unstable and out, or night terrors antifeeding, even for later, with the neurosis planted a seed. Therefore, the mother to child weaning plans, slowly, "suddenly attack". In the second before weaning, three months, should coax children eat the cake, gruel, etc, and this kind of food should gradually increase the amount of food, ripe. "" weaning
2 children patiently on the control training. Urine For child urine self control training, generally considered not prematurely from two and half years old children start training advisable. In the training process, patience, kind, don't complain, and don't rebuke. Some research, through the strict reprimanded, or even threatened to toilet training not only training process, self-control, learn to control is slow, and easy to cause psychological trauma.
3 don't frighten children. People often seen to scare the son of adult children, it is to make the children's mental health is. Behaviorism psychology of the founders of HuaShengCeng doing experiments, when children are playing cat, sudden shock him, And when he was playing with the cat, and then suddenly scare him. Later he saw cat was afraid, and even see hairy things, and never fear in psychological trace. Such as adults said: "the big cats to dogs," "" big bite XX!" Fear, and the expression, frighten children obedient, honesty, feel very funny. But children are also feel fun? No! He was really afraid, even frightened. Fear of a child's character formation and development is an influence. According to research, children with congenital fear rarely, a fearful mostly learned. For example, Never seen the cat cat, baby milk and not afraid if he was a hug cat cat scratch and bite, or adult cats children grew afraid cat, and even through the "generalization, hairy animal was afraid, even afraid of fur. And if children don't care, broken hand, some blood, parents, it will not only as dead children fear and pain, aggravating children and adults tend to pain threshold low, even injections are afraid of pain. Children like to imitate the parents always behavior and manner, parents if afraid dog, afraid of snakes, afraid of thunder, afraid of the dark, children tend to follow. If the child that is ", that is afraid of, cautious, timid, will cause the personality defect, psychological development.
The psychological one to three years old children that babies. The baby began to full consciousness, and began to develop the mental health problems is more complex, and more. Attention to have the following:
1 the mental health problem. Weaning For a child is weaned, lane is bad to everyone on his young hearts cause serious mental stimulation. For example, some mother to child temporarily isolation; with weaning Some suddenly broken once did not cut, and suddenly broken once, bubbled to stimulate child bad mood, Also on the hot pepper to nipple. The psychological health of children, easy to cause the child was unstable and out, or night terrors antifeeding, even for later, with the neurosis planted a seed. Therefore, the mother to child weaning plans, slowly, "suddenly attack". In the second before weaning, three months, should coax children eat the cake, gruel, etc, and this kind of food should gradually increase the amount of food, ripe. "" weaning
2 children patiently on the control training. Urine For child urine self control training, generally considered not prematurely from two and half years old children start training advisable. In the training process, patience, kind, don't complain, and don't rebuke. Some research, through the strict reprimanded, or even threatened to toilet training not only training process, self-control, learn to control is slow, and easy to cause psychological trauma.
3 don't frighten children. People often seen to scare the son of adult children, it is to make the children's mental health is. Behaviorism psychology of the founders of HuaShengCeng doing experiments, when children are playing cat, sudden shock him, And when he was playing with the cat, and then suddenly scare him. Later he saw cat was afraid, and even see hairy things, and never fear in psychological trace. Such as adults said: "the big cats to dogs," "" big bite XX!" Fear, and the expression, frighten children obedient, honesty, feel very funny. But children are also feel fun? No! He was really afraid, even frightened. Fear of a child's character formation and development is an influence. According to research, children with congenital fear rarely, a fearful mostly learned. For example, Never seen the cat cat, baby milk and not afraid if he was a hug cat cat scratch and bite, or adult cats children grew afraid cat, and even through the "generalization, hairy animal was afraid, even afraid of fur. And if children don't care, broken hand, some blood, parents, it will not only as dead children fear and pain, aggravating children and adults tend to pain threshold low, even injections are afraid of pain. Children like to imitate the parents always behavior and manner, parents if afraid dog, afraid of snakes, afraid of thunder, afraid of the dark, children tend to follow. If the child that is ", that is afraid of, cautious, timid, will cause the personality defect, psychological development.
