人教版英语初二下册5.6单元小结，感激不尽！
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!
重难点详解
1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 如果你来参加聚会，你会玩得很开心！
have a great time意思是“玩得开心”。have a good/wonderful/fine/happy time和enjoy oneself也都可以表示相同的意思。如：
Did you have a good time/enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会上玩得开心吗？
2. If you do, the teachers will take it away. 如果你那样做，老师会把它拿走。
take away意为“拿走，拿开”，其中away是副词。如果名词作宾语，可位于副词away的前面或后面。若代词作宾语，代词应放在take和away之间。类似的动词短语还有take off(脱掉)，put on(穿上), try on(试穿)。如：
Please take your books away. (=Please take away your books.)请把你的书拿走。
It’s very warm in the room. Take off your coat. 房间里很暖和，把你的外套脱掉吧。
3. If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. 如果你出名了，人们会一直盯着你，到处跟着你。
all the time和always都有“一直，总是”之意，其区别如下：
always是频度副词，意思是“总是，一直，经常”，表示动作的重复，状态的继续，通常用来修饰动词的一半现在时态。如：
Mr Brown is always at home on Sundays. 星期天布朗先生总是在家。
The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。
Always如果修饰动词的进行时，则有“老是，再三地”的意思，带有厌烦、不满、赞美等感情色彩。如：
Kate is always helping the others. 凯特总是乐意帮助别人。(表赞扬)
The boy is always asking whys. 这孩子老师问这问那，没完没了。(表厌烦)
They are always talking in class. 他们总是在上课时讲话。(表不满)
all the time意思是“一直，始终，老是”，表示某一个特定阶段的开始一直到结束，不表示频度，多置于句末。如：
They are running and jumping all the time. 他们一直跑呀跳呀。
The students listened to the teacher carefully all the time in class. 学生们一直在认真地听老师讲课。
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重难点详解
1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰多长时间了？
I’ve been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了5个小时了。
“have been +V-ing形式”是现在完成进行时，表示某人动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，而且这个动作仍然在进行。如：
What books have you been reading these days? 这些天你一直在看些什么书？
I’ve been sitting here all the afternoon. 我在这儿坐了一个下午。
2. I collect shells because they are beautiful. I’d like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我收集贝壳是因为他们漂亮。我想要收集邮票是因为它们有趣。
because意思是“因为，因……而(做了某事)”，可以引导原因状语从句。如：
I was angry because he was late. 因为他迟到了，所以我生气。
在这里要注意because, since, as与for的用法。
在表示原因时，语气由强到弱依次为because→since→as→for; 其中because, since, as为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；for为并列连词，它连接的两个并列分句在逻辑上是因果关系。对why提问的特殊疑问句只能用because回答。如：
We had to stay at home because it rained. 因为天下雨了，我们只好呆在家里。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始吧。
As it was late, I must hurry up. 由于天色晚了，我得赶快点。
He must be ill, for he isn’t here today. 他一定是病了，因为今天他没有来。
3. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 作为像我这样的外国人，我对中国历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢生活在中国。
the more…, the more…意为“……越多，越……”。如：
The more we listen to the teacher, the more we understand. 我们听老师讲的越多，我们就懂得越多。
“the+比较级…the+比较级…”意为“越……，越……”。使用该句式时，通常可以省略举重的一些成分。如：
The higher, the colder. 海拔越高，气温越低。
而more and more意为“越来越多的……”，千万别与“the more…, the more…”结构混为一谈。如：
More and more students will realize the importance of studying English. 越来越多的学生将意识到学习英语的重要性。
语法
现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词)
1. 基本构成
肯定句： 主语(第一、二人称，第三人称复数) +have +过去分词+其他
主语(第三人称单数) +has+过去分词+其他
否定句： 主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他
一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？
2. 现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already, yet, just连用。
I have already posted the photos .我已经把照片寄了。(照片已不在我这儿了)
Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃午饭了？
Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。如：
these days, by the end of …,(到……为止) since (自从……以来) ， for+一段时间， so far (到目前为止)
She’s been there for over two years 她在那两年多了。
They’ve lived here since 1989.
注意：问句时常用How long …..? 提问现在完成时的时间。
(3)表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和never ,once , three times , before等连用。如：
I have never been to Egypt before .以前我从没去过埃及。
She has gone to France .她去法国了。
(她可能在去法国的路上或已经到法国，人没有回来，总之不在这里了)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
(2)一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。如：
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. (三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
—Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
—He’s already been sent for.
注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960) 时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
(4)用于现在完成时的句型
It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
(5)比较since 和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
瞬间动词和持续动词瞬间动词的转换
瞬间动词 持续动词 瞬间动词 瞬间动词
Leave
Close
Buy
Catch a cold
borrow
fall ill
die
fall asleep
get up
come back
put on(上演) Be away from
Be not open
have
have a cold
keep
be ill
dead
be sleeping
be up
be back
be on Open
Join the party
Join the club
Join the army
work
study
Begin to learn
teach
Be open
Be a pary member
be in the party
be a member /be in the club
be a soldier/be in the army.
work
stuy
去掉begin to
重难点详解
1. If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 如果你来参加聚会，你会玩得很开心！
have a great time意思是“玩得开心”。have a good/wonderful/fine/happy time和enjoy oneself也都可以表示相同的意思。如：
Did you have a good time/enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会上玩得开心吗？
2. If you do, the teachers will take it away. 如果你那样做，老师会把它拿走。
take away意为“拿走，拿开”，其中away是副词。如果名词作宾语，可位于副词away的前面或后面。若代词作宾语，代词应放在take和away之间。类似的动词短语还有take off(脱掉)，put on(穿上), try on(试穿)。如：
Please take your books away. (=Please take away your books.)请把你的书拿走。
It’s very warm in the room. Take off your coat. 房间里很暖和，把你的外套脱掉吧。
3. If you are famous, people will watch you all the time and follow you everywhere. 如果你出名了，人们会一直盯着你，到处跟着你。
all the time和always都有“一直，总是”之意，其区别如下：
always是频度副词，意思是“总是，一直，经常”，表示动作的重复，状态的继续，通常用来修饰动词的一半现在时态。如：
Mr Brown is always at home on Sundays. 星期天布朗先生总是在家。
The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。
Always如果修饰动词的进行时，则有“老是，再三地”的意思，带有厌烦、不满、赞美等感情色彩。如：
Kate is always helping the others. 凯特总是乐意帮助别人。(表赞扬)
The boy is always asking whys. 这孩子老师问这问那，没完没了。(表厌烦)
They are always talking in class. 他们总是在上课时讲话。(表不满)
all the time意思是“一直，始终，老是”，表示某一个特定阶段的开始一直到结束，不表示频度，多置于句末。如：
They are running and jumping all the time. 他们一直跑呀跳呀。
The students listened to the teacher carefully all the time in class. 学生们一直在认真地听老师讲课。
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重难点详解
1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰多长时间了？
I’ve been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了5个小时了。
“have been +V-ing形式”是现在完成进行时，表示某人动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，而且这个动作仍然在进行。如：
What books have you been reading these days? 这些天你一直在看些什么书？
I’ve been sitting here all the afternoon. 我在这儿坐了一个下午。
2. I collect shells because they are beautiful. I’d like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我收集贝壳是因为他们漂亮。我想要收集邮票是因为它们有趣。
because意思是“因为，因……而(做了某事)”，可以引导原因状语从句。如：
I was angry because he was late. 因为他迟到了，所以我生气。
在这里要注意because, since, as与for的用法。
在表示原因时，语气由强到弱依次为because→since→as→for; 其中because, since, as为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；for为并列连词，它连接的两个并列分句在逻辑上是因果关系。对why提问的特殊疑问句只能用because回答。如：
We had to stay at home because it rained. 因为天下雨了，我们只好呆在家里。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始吧。
As it was late, I must hurry up. 由于天色晚了，我得赶快点。
He must be ill, for he isn’t here today. 他一定是病了，因为今天他没有来。
3. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 作为像我这样的外国人，我对中国历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢生活在中国。
the more…, the more…意为“……越多，越……”。如：
The more we listen to the teacher, the more we understand. 我们听老师讲的越多，我们就懂得越多。
“the+比较级…the+比较级…”意为“越……，越……”。使用该句式时，通常可以省略举重的一些成分。如：
The higher, the colder. 海拔越高，气温越低。
而more and more意为“越来越多的……”，千万别与“the more…, the more…”结构混为一谈。如：
More and more students will realize the importance of studying English. 越来越多的学生将意识到学习英语的重要性。
语法
现在完成时 (have/has+过去分词)
1. 基本构成
肯定句： 主语(第一、二人称，第三人称复数) +have +过去分词+其他
主语(第三人称单数) +has+过去分词+其他
否定句： 主语+ have/has +not +过去分词+其他
一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+过去分词+其他？
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？
2. 现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，可以和already, yet, just连用。
I have already posted the photos .我已经把照片寄了。(照片已不在我这儿了)
Have you had your lunch yet? 你已经吃午饭了？
Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃的。(现在不饿了)
(2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示过去的某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。如：
these days, by the end of …,(到……为止) since (自从……以来) ， for+一段时间， so far (到目前为止)
She’s been there for over two years 她在那两年多了。
They’ve lived here since 1989.
注意：问句时常用How long …..? 提问现在完成时的时间。
(3)表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情，常和never ,once , three times , before等连用。如：
I have never been to Egypt before .以前我从没去过埃及。
She has gone to France .她去法国了。
(她可能在去法国的路上或已经到法国，人没有回来，总之不在这里了)
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
(2)一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know。过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。如：
I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?(强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。)
She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. (三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
—Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
—He’s already been sent for.
注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960) 时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对) Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
(4)用于现在完成时的句型
It is the first / second time…that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
(5)比较since 和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.
瞬间动词和持续动词瞬间动词的转换
瞬间动词 持续动词 瞬间动词 瞬间动词
Leave
Close
Buy
Catch a cold
borrow
fall ill
die
fall asleep
get up
come back
put on(上演) Be away from
Be not open
have
have a cold
keep
be ill
dead
be sleeping
be up
be back
be on Open
Join the party
Join the club
Join the army
work
study
Begin to learn
teach
Be open
Be a pary member
be in the party
be a member /be in the club
be a soldier/be in the army.
work
stuy
去掉begin to
温馨提示：答案为网友推荐，仅供参考
第1个回答 2009-05-31
大学4年有的人什么都没得到 有的人得到的世界
就是因为有的人不明白学校里学的是学校方法 知识是不断的在更新的 所以只要会了方法就可以在这个不断变化的世界里生存下去
我是从参加自学考试开始领会的
一开始报了一个班（这个很重要）一些大学老师会教你怎么学习的，虽然不是正规大学生 但一些优秀的老师会帮你整理知识点 所以上课的时候不光要听内容 更要学习学习方法
半年以后我就开始自学了 这个方法每个人都不一样 但关键是要学一些感兴趣的东西 最好开始阶段有一个好的老师教 这个比较重要本回答被提问者采纳
就是因为有的人不明白学校里学的是学校方法 知识是不断的在更新的 所以只要会了方法就可以在这个不断变化的世界里生存下去
我是从参加自学考试开始领会的
一开始报了一个班（这个很重要）一些大学老师会教你怎么学习的，虽然不是正规大学生 但一些优秀的老师会帮你整理知识点 所以上课的时候不光要听内容 更要学习学习方法
半年以后我就开始自学了 这个方法每个人都不一样 但关键是要学一些感兴趣的东西 最好开始阶段有一个好的老师教 这个比较重要本回答被提问者采纳
第2个回答 2009-05-30
对不起，我没学过
